Pure Substances and Mixtures

Separating heterogeneous mixtures

-magnets -filtration -centrifuge: A centrifuge spins at high speeds until the heavier components (solids or liquids) sink to the bottom and the lighter components (liquids or gases) float to the top. -evaporation: Evaporation and distillation are processes that can separate solids, liquids, and gases from a solution using heat -distillation -chromatography

How many atoms are in AgNO6BrH2

11

How many elements are in the compound: H2SO4

3

How many elements are in AgNO6BrH2

5

How many atoms are in the compound: H2SO4

7

Compounds

A compound is matter composed of two or more elements. A molecule is the smallest unit of a compound.

Mixture

A mixture is created when solids, liquids, or gases mix with one another. Mixtures can occur with substances that are in the same states of matter or of different states of matter. Each substance in a mixture maintains its individual composition and property.

Pure substances

A pure substance consists of a single element or type of compound. (One type of atom or molecule; has unique physical properties)

Elements

An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. All elements on the periodic table of elements are examples of pure substances.

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can be made up of one or more elements?

Both

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is a type of matter?

Both

Heterogeneous mixtures

Candies in a mixture will not be dispersed evenly. Heavier pieces may sink to the bottom of the pile, and smaller pieces may be at the edges.

Colloids

Colloids are generally considered heterogenous because some areas of these mixtures have a larger number of insoluble particles in suspension.

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which has a chemical ratio?

Compound

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is a type of substance?

Compound

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is an example of water?

Compound

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is made up of elements that are chemically bonded?

Compound

Sugar is a _____________________

Compound

Helium is a(n) ________________________

Element

Pure substances that cannot be broken down into any other substance by chemical or physical means

Element

T/F: Homogeneous mixtures always have the same properties.

False

T/F: The composition of a compound can vary.

False

A granola bar is a ______________________

Heterogeneous mixture

Kool-Aid is a __________________

Homogeneous mixture

Shampoo is a _____________________

Homogeneous mixture

Homogeneous mixture

In this type of mixture, just one substance looks the same throughout. Dissolving sugar in a glass of water forms a homogeneous mixture, as the sugar seems to disappear.

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can be physically separated?

Mixture

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which can have a composition that varies?

Mixture

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which does NOT have a chemical formula?

Mixture

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which is an example of air?

Mixture

Mixture, Compound, or Both: Which keeps the properties of the original substance?

Mixture

Trail mix is classified as a __________________

Mixture

Physical Separation

Mixtures contain compounds and elements that can be physically separated from one another. For example, you can pull out your favorite fruit from a fruit salad and leave the others in the bowl.

Copper is classified as a ____________________

Pure substance

Chemical Separation

Pure substances made from compounds can only be chemically separated into the elements that make them up.

T/F: Carbon Dioxide (CO2) is a substance

True

T/F: Mixtures can be physically separated but pure substances cannot.

True

T/F: Substances within a mixture retain their individual properties.

True

Cookies and cream ice cream would be classified as...

a heterogeneous mixture

A basic particle that all elements are made of:

atom

All matter can be described by its ___________________ and __________________.

chemical and physical properties

characteristic that describes how something reacts to see if a new substance is formed is called

chemical properties

What property is tarnish?

chemical property

An example of a physical property?

color

What is an example of a chemical property?

flammability

A type of mixture where particles are not spread evenly throughout the mixture; can see parts

heterogeneous

A type of mixture where the particles are evenly mixed; you cannot see the individual parts

homogeneous

What are two types of mixtures

homogeneous and heterogeneous

A glass of Kool-Aid would be classified as...

homogeneous mixture

Solutions

homogeneous mixtures in which the solute is dissolved and distributed evenly within the solvent. Solutions can exist in solid, liquid, or gaseous states.

Emulsions

homogeneous mixtures of two or more liquids that are normally not mixable.

Matter is anything that has...

mass and takes up space

Characteristics of matter can be described using the five senses is called...

physical properties

What property is freezing point?

physical property

What property is state of matter (solid, liquid, and gas)

physical property

Which is NOT an example of a physical property

rust

Which is NOT an example of a chemical property?

states of matter

A type of matter that has a definite makeup

substance