PY 385 Chapter 1

Attention, perception, memory, and decision making are all different types of mental processes in which the mind engages. These are known as different types of

cognition

The first experiments in cognitive psychology were based on the idea that mental responses can be

inferred from the participant's behavior

Richard Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory, which was introduced a year after the publication of Neisser's book, described the flow of information in the memory system as progressing through three stages. Which memory holds incoming information for a fraction of a second and then passes most of this information to short-term memory?

Sensory memory

Ended Tulving, one of the most prominent early memory researchers, proposed that long-term memory is subdivided into all of the following components EXCEPT

Short-term memory

Which of the following events is most closely associated with a resurgence in interest in the mind within the study of psychology?

Skinner's publication of the book, Verbal Behavior

How is the term mind used in this statement: "When he talks about his encounter with aliens, it sounds like he is out of his mind"?

The mind as a healthy mind being associated with normal functioning, a nonfunctioning mind with abnormal functioning

Who developed the concept of the cognitive map?

Tolman

The "cognitive revolution"

was a gradual process that occurred over a few decades

Reaction time refers to the time between the ________ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

presentation

What does the field of neuropsychology study?

Behavior of people with brain damage

As a result of gaps in the behaviorist paradigm, the new cognitive paradigm began to emerge in which decade?

1950s

In which year was positron emission tomography (PET) introduced and made it possible to see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?

1976

Donald Broadbent was the first person to develop which of the following?

A flow diagram depicting the mind as processing information in a sequence of stages

Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?

Analytic introspection

Verbal Behavior was written by

B. F. Skinner

Which of the following psychologists is known for research on operant conditioning?

B.F. Skinner

Why can we consider Tolman one of the early cognitive psychologists?

Because he used behavior to infer mental processes

In Donders's experiment on decision making, when participants were asked to press one button if the light on the left was illuminated and another button if the light on the right was illuminated, they were engaged in a

Choice reaction time task

Which of the following terms is correct in context with "conception within the rat's mind of the maze's layout"?

Cognitive mapping

The relationship between the ___ is NOT measured directly by cognitive psychologists

Cognitive task and the mental response

Donders's main reason for doing his choice reaction time experiment was to study

Decision making

In Donder's research on human decision making, he found that it took ____ to decide which of two buttons to push in response to a stimulus

Less than one second

John Watson believed that psychology should focus on the study of

Observable behavior

The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers or withdrawal of negative reinforcers is best known as

Operant conditioning

Colin Cherry's experiment in which participants listen to two messages simultaneously, one in each ear, found all but which of the following?

People who are deaf process auditory information on a nonconscious level

Behaviorists believe that the presentation of ___ increases the frequency of behavior

Positive reinforcers

Reaction time refers to the time between the _______ of a stimulus and a person's response to it.

Presentation

Which memory is used for physical actions?

Procedural memory

Watson became dissatisfied with the method of analytic introspection in which context

Results were interpreted in terms of invisible inner mental processes

Which book was written by Thomas Kuhn?

The Structure of Scientific Revolutions

With which of the following sentences would the author disagree?

We can consider the mind extraordinary if it is used for extraordinary purposes.