PY CH 9

You are asked to participate in an experiment that attempts to replicate the work of Hermann Ebbinghaus. What might the researcher instruct you to do?

"listen to these letters; JID, PAZ, YOX,KEP. Now repeat them"

Which scenario illustrates confabulation?

A classmate describes in vivid detail a visit from her parents the previous day. You later discover that her parents have been dead for years

Which situation describes the phenomenon of retroactive interference?

Darnell keeps referring to his old VCR as a Blu-ray player

Jerome is shown pictures of five objects: a truck, a skyscraper, a cake, a lizard, and a pond. In which scenario is priming then utilized?

He is asking to describe something that people eat for dessert, and he describes a chocolate cake

Which situation describes the use of episodic memory?

Jim remembered the excitement of the birthday party his friends had planned for him

Which of the following bits of information would be the easiest to chunk, and thus encode?

XYZZYX

Many people can recall very vividly what they were doing when they learned of the september 11, 2001, terrorist attacks. This is an example of

a flashbulb memory

Differentiate between the anterograde amnesia and retrograde amnesia

antergrade amnesia occurs when an individual cannot encode new memories. Retrograde amnesia occurs when older details are lost but newer ones are remembered

Patien H.M whose hippocampi and medial temporal lobes were removed, suffered from

anterograde amnesia

Which situation best illustrates the use of cued recall?

bringing an eyewitness back to the scene of the crime

The process of combining information into meaningful units to aid memorization is called

chunking

Information contained in nondeclarative memory includes association between stimuli that elicit behavior. These associates are learned via

conditioning

Memories for general facts and personal information are called ___ memories

declarative

Differentiate between declarative and nondeclarative memory

declarative memory is hippocampus dependent; nondeclarative memory is hippocampus independent

Psychologists use the term ___ to describe memory for information that is able to be articulated, while ___ describes memory for information that aids performance of tasks.

declarative; nondeclarative

Semantic memories differ from episodic memories in that semantic memories

do not include details about how information was learned

Recent researcher indicates that memory consolidation occurs

during sleep

Which type of memory is most useful during a conversation?

echoic

What are the three processes of information transfer?

encoding, consolidation, memory retrieval

The physical memory trace in the brain is often referred to by neuroscience researchers as the

engram

Declarative memories are to ___ as nondeclarative memories are to ____.

explicit memories; implicit memories

A woman developed a tumor that diminished her ability to form a new long-term memories. Though memory involves numerous parts of the brain, the part most likley affected by the tumor is the

hippocampus

Patient H.M lost the ability to form new memories after an operation removed portions of his

hippocampus

The notion of photographic memory compares most closely with which type of memory?

iconic

Short term memory is sometimes referred to as working memory because

in order to hold information in short-term memory, we must use it

Memory researchers define forgetting as the

inability to retrieve information from long-term memory

The tip of the tongue phenomenon describes the experience of believing that you

know something but you are not able to articulate it

Which is an example of a nondeclarative memory?

knowing how to ice skate

You decide to memorize the last names of the players on your schools basketball team by using the method of loci. To do this, you will

link each players name with a different part of your home, beginning with the front door

____ memory has a seemingly unlimited capacity and can store information for decades

long-term

Due to lack of thiamine, people with Korsakoff's syndrome develop cell loss in the

mammillary bodies

The method of loci is a mnemonic device that involves

mentally placing items to be remembered in some imaginary environment

The susceptibility of our memories to include false details that fit in with real details of an event is called the

misinformation effect

Why is it difficult for an adult to explain to a child how to ride a bicycle?

nondeclarative memories are difficult to verbalize

Which situation below describes the use of hierarchies for memorizing information?

organizing notes into three central themes and studying information in relation to those themes

Identify the component of working memory you are using when you repeat a phone number over and over in your head in order to remember it

phonological loop

A person whos sees the word "yellow" will be slightly faster at recognizing the word "banana" than someone who sees the word "blue". This demonstrates the technique known as

priming

Your uncle has been using Windows Xp for years. He finally purchases a new computer with the latest version of Windows. If he has trouble navigating the new Windows system, it is most likely due to

proactive interference

The simplest way to maintain information in short term memory is to repeat the information in a process called

rehearsal

Which statement correctly defends the assertion that procedural memory does not stop with learning how to do a particular task?

repeatedly practicing an action can make one more skilled and effective at conducting that action

In the process of finding the term to answer this question, you are using

retrieval

Newer information that obstructs with the recall of older information is called

retroactive interference

In the board game Trivial Pursuit, players answer questions of general knowledge. To play the game, players tap into ____ memory

semantic

____ memory gives us a very brief impression of what we feel when we first detect a stimulus

sensory

You stop after reading two or three paragraphs of a magazine article to think about what you have read before continuing on. By doing so, you are trying to put the material into your ____ memory

short term

A student reads a chapter in her textbook without much effort or interest, then is unable to identify any of the material when it appears on a test. What is the most plausible explanation?

the information from the textbook never made its way from STM to LTM

A familiar song is playing on the radio. You cannot remember the singers name, but you are sure you know it. This is one example of

the tip of the tongue phenomenon

Why did Hermann Ebbinghaus use nonsense syllables as stimuli in his memory research?

they had no previous associations that might help subjects remember them

Which is an accurate summary of the primacy effect?

when given a list of items to remember, people can usually recall the first things on the list better than those in the middle