Pysch Exam 1
Which 30-minute sleep stage is characterized by slow-wave sleep and delta waves?
N3
Dr. Robinson conducts research on the relationship between brain chemistry and intellectual functioning. Which psychological specialty does Dr. Robinson's research best represent?
biological psychology
Little Hans' extreme fear of horses was observed as part of a(n)
case study
What are descriptive methods of conducting research?
case study, naturalistic observation, and survey
Evolutionary pyschologists would be most likely to predict that
children are more likely to be valued by their biological fathers than by their stepfathers
The hindsight bias refers to peoples' tendencies to
exaggerate their ability to have overseen an outcome
Unlike identical twins, fraternal twins are described as
dizygotic
Lewis is a 70-year-old retired college professor. In contrast to when he was 30, he now probably
does not hear as well
Our pleasurable "chills" response to a favorite piece of music is facilitated by the release of the neurotransmitter
dopamine
Reduced immune system functioning is most likely to accompany long-term repeated use of
ecstasy
an ion is a(n)
electrically charged atom
Carla has been doing aerobic exercise daily for over three years. The release of _____ can explain why she feels good after exercising.
endorphins
Physical exercise in late adulthood is been found to
enhance muscle strength, help prevent heart attacks, and stimulate brain development
The first major issue that emerges in debates over experimenting on animal centers on the
ethics of placing the well-being of humans above that of animals
You feel the pain of a sprained ankle when ________ relay(s) messages from your ankle to your central nervous system.
sensory neurons
In what disorder does the person repeatedly stop breathing while asleep?
sleep apnea
Which part of the brain specializes in receiving information from the skin senses and from the movement of body parts?
somatosensory cortex
Chromosomes are contained within
sperm, brain, and blood cells
Amphetamines are classified as ______ and barbiturates are classified as ______
stimulants; depressants
When asked to recall one or two important events over the last half-century, older adults tend to name events that occured when they were in their
teens or twenties
Melissa suffered a severe viral infection during her fourth month of pregnancy that caused her baby to be born with an abnormal heart valve. In this instance, the virus was clearly a(n)
teratogen
As men advance through middle adulthood they experience a gradual decline in
testosterone level, sperm count, and ejaculation speed
Environmental events can "turn on" genes, ensuring that they are
expressed
For many animals, attachments based on contact and _____ need to form during a critical period.
familiarity
The release of hormones by the adrenal glands is most likely to trigger
fight or flight response
Julie consistently fails to get as much sleep as she needs. This is most likely to place her at an increased risk of
gaining weight
The biochemical code for eye color is transmitted from parents to offspring by
genes
Dennis, who is a college student, smokes marijuana frequently. Which of the following is NOT a way in which marijuana use can lead to academic underachievement?
marijuana use is related to the development of phobias
In a clinical trial of brain-implanted microelectrodes, a paralyzed 25-year-old man constructed shapes on a computer by activating neurons in his
motor cortex
Professor Ober carefully observes and records the behaviors of children in their classrooms in order to track the development of their social and intellectual skills. Professor Ober is most clearly engaged in
naturalistic observation
What two research designs often shows that one trait or behavior tends to correlate with one another?
naturalistic observation and survey
Sleep can help us to recuperate by
restore the immune system, repair brain tissue, and pruning unused connections in the brain
Juan is a difficult baby who is often anxious and withdrawn. It is most likely that Juan is
securely attached to his parents
Sensory neurons are ______ neurons and motor neurons are ______ neurons.
afferent and efferent
Who is most likely to have a violent dream tonight?
Brandon, who watched a scary movie before bed
Who was a student of William James and the first female president of the American Psychological Association?
Mary Whiton Calkins
What is an example of imprinting?
a duckling demonstrates attachment to a bouncing ball
After he suffered a stroke, Mr. Santore's physical coordination skills and responsiveness to sensory stimulation quickly returned to normal. Unfortunately, however, he began to experience unusual difficulty figuring out how to find his way to various locations in his neighborhood. It is most likely that Mr. Santore suffered damage to his
association areas
Neurotransmitters are released from knob-like terminals at the end of the
axon
Dr. McAllister is studying anger as it relates to violent criminal offenders. He is particularly interested in how environmental circumstances relate to feelings of anger among these offenders, as well as how feelings of anger affect thought processes. He is working from a
cognitive perspective
The transmisson of customs for showing respect to those positions of authority best illustrates the importance of
culture
An hour after going to bed, Mike is so soundly asleep that his parents were unable to awaken him for a scheduled dose of medicine. At this point in Mike's sleep, an EEG would have most likely detected
delta waves
The fetus is the
developing organism from 9 weeks after conception to birth
When asked to watch a video and press a key each time a black-shirted player passed a basketball, most research participants remained aware of an umbrella-toting woman strolling across the video screen. This is known as
inattentional blindness
The unique genetically influenced traits of children often evoke predictable responses from their caregivers. This best illustrates the _____ of nature and nurture.
interaction
The tendency to perceive order in random events often leads to overestimating the value of
intuition
An action potential is generated by the movement of _____ through an axon membrane.
ions
According to Freud, the latent content of a dream refers to
its underlying but censored meaning
Although Adam didn't care for the taste of fried green tomatoes, he began eating them when he saw that his classmates were doing so. His behavior best illustrates the importance of
peer influence
Discovering and promoting human strengths and virtues that help individuals and communities to thrive is the major focus of
positive psychology
Which of the following brain areas enable judgement, planning, social interactions, and processing of new memories?
pre-frontal cortex
Regis thinks it's wrong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get punished for doing so. He is demonstrating Kohlberg's ________ stage of morality.
preconventional
The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable
predictions
Students learn and remember course materials best when they
process information actively
Six of the children in Mr. Myer's class were born on exactly the same day. This strikes him as astonishing and improbable. In this instance, he should be reminded that
random sequences of events often don't look random
Why might so many people believe the commonly accepted idea that roaches could survive a nuclear bomb?
repetition
Researchers have demonstrated that the way a question is phrased can affect how people respond. This reveals that
the words used can reflect values
When placed between a gauze pad from their nursing mother's bra and from another nursing mother, week-old nursing babies are likely to
turn their head toward the smell of their mother's pad
Psychologists try to avoid using addiction to label certain behaviors, such as excessive eating, because these behaviors
while excessive, are driven
