Python
what does the append function do when used in a list?
Adds the appended element to the end of the list
An else statement follows __________.
An if statement
What does the continue function do?
Continues with the next iteration of the loop
______________ gives us this ability to choose among outcomes based off what else is happening in the program.
Control flow
A loop that repeats a specific number of times is know as a(n)_________________.
Count controlled loop
A float is a number with a _______.
Decimal
The or operator takes two arguments and evaluates to true if ______________.
Either (or both) arguments is/are true.
elif statements can have a final ________.
Else statement
When a function is executed, what happens when the end of the function statement block is reached?
Execution returns to the statement that called it.
(T or F) When you want to print a variable inside of a string, the best way is concatenation
False
(T or F) items in a list must be inside of quotes
False
(T or F) when using the .items() function on a dictionary, it will print the items (keys and values) in the order they are in the dictionary
False
(T or F) False or not 3 <= 5 * 2
False
(T or F) The range function must be attributed to a certain list name when used in a for loop
False
(T or F) When creating a method, you do not have to pass in the self argument if you already did so in __init__()
False
Is this a true or false statement? 1 != 1
False
You can multiply a string by a float. (T or F)
False
abs() is part of the math module (T or F)
False
if you want to do something with every item in a list you can use a ___ ______.
For Loop
Write an opening line of code that uses the zip function on a list called list_a and list_b
For a , b in zip(list_a , list_b):
When accessing a value from a dictionary you use a ___ instead of an index
Key
The only characters allowed in a variable name are:
Letters, Numbers, Underscores
\n represents a ___ ______.
New Line
According to operator precedence what is the output of this code? if 1 + 1 * 3 == 6: print("Yes") else: print("No")
No
is 13_Hab an acceptable variable name?
No, variable names cannot begin with numbers
What is this Boolean operator? !=
Not equal to
Use _________ to determine which operations are performed first
Parenthesis
What will putting a comma after a print statement do?
Prevent the next output from going to the next line
For a function to be used in an expression, it must _____________ .
Return a Value
use _________ to determine if a string is letters.
STRING.isalpha()
Methods using dot notation (such as "String".upper() ) only work with _________.
Strings
Create a sting by putting _______ between ' or " marks.
Text
(T or F) A list is a data type
True
(T or F) You can use a while / else loop
True
You can also take the value of the variable from user input. (T or F)
True
evaluate not 65 < 50
True
What will the following print to the console? my_list = range(10) print filter(lambda x: x**2 / 3 < 5, my_list)
[0, 1, 2, 3]
What will this code return? my_list = [1, 3, 5, 7] my_list.remove(3)
[1, 5, 7]
what is the format for taking only certain elements from a list?
[start:end:stride]
___ is automatically put in the output, where you press Enter. IF you put your string inside of _ sets of quotes.
\n , 3
What is a class?
a way of organizing and producing objects with similar attributes and methods.
What is the absolute value function?
abs()
What is a lambda?
an anonymous function
how do you convert an integer into binary?
bin()
The and operator takes two arguments and evaluates as true if _________.
both arguments are true
Variable names are _____ sensitive.
case
How would you insert the item "Blue" as the second item in the list named colors?
colors.insert(1,"Blue")
What is buffered data?
data that it is held in a temporary location before being written to the file.
What function can be used to supply an index to each element of a list as you iterate through it?
enumerate()
You can use a for loop on a string to perform an action on ____________ in the string.
every character
Why is it not always a good idea to use a universal import?
if you have functions named the same as the functions in the module it can confuse the program.
an __/_____ statement says "If this expression is true, run this indented code block; otherwise, run this code after the else statement."
if/else
Each character inside of a sting has a number, this number is called the _____
index
how can you give all objects of a class the same variable without actually initializing it?
inside of the class, before __init__(), create a new variable and set it equal to the desired value
What is the format for calling a method inside of a class?
instance = ClassName(att1, att2, att3) print instance.method()
How do you convert the string "83" into the integer 83?
int("83")
When you divide an integer by an integer the result is always a ______ _________ down
integer rounded
Write a line of code that will check the amount of keys in a dictionary
len(dictionary.keys())
How do you append an element to a list?
list_name.append("New Element")
what can you use to find the index of a certain element in a list?
list_name.index("element")
How do you remove an item from a list?
list_name.remove('item')
how can you alphabetically or numerically sort a list?
list_name.sort()
How do you assign a new element to a specific index in list?
list_name[desired index] = entry
how do you select an element from a list within a list?
listname[outer_list_index][inner_list_index]
How do you open a file in read only mode?
my_file = open('filename.txt', 'r')
How do you open a file in read and write mode?
my_file = open('filename.txt', 'r+')
str() turns _______ into ________
non-strings into strings
What does this .pop() function do? listname.pop(x)
removes the item at index x and returns list
How do you convert the integer 83 into the string '83'
str(83)
Besides datetime what is another function you can use to obtain current time functions?
strftime
how do you separate a sentence (string) into a list with each word?
string.split()
What does this class inherit? class ClassName(object):
the properties of an object, which is the simplest, most basic class
What built in function allows you to iterate over two lists at once?
the zip function
What does this code do? def cube(number): return number**3 def by_three(number): if number % 3 == 0: return cube(number) else: return False
when cube is called it will return the cube of the number. when by_three is called it will return the number cubed IF the number is divisible by three
How is a dictionary formatted?
{ 'Key' : value , 'Key2' : value }
what is missing? a=apples b=titties print "do you prefer %s or %s ?" ___ ( a , b )
%
How do you print a float to the second decimal place using string formatting?
%.2f
How do you insert a float using string formatting?
%f
use the % operator to replace the__ placeholders with the variables in parentheses.
%s
How do you read one line of a file at a time?
.readline()
Computer scientists love to start counting from ____
0
This is the correct way to initialize a class def __init__(self, new_var): new_var = self.new_var
False
This is the correct way to print the 'condition' of 'my_car' class Car(object): condition = 'new' my_car = Car() print condition.my_car()
False
evaluate not not 50 != 50
False
evaluate not 41>40
False
(T or F) Dictionaries are oredered
False, dictionaries are unordered
(T or F) The zip function will stop at the end of the longer list
False, it will stop at the end of the shorter list
(T or F) When accessing a value from a dictionary you use curly brackets.
False, use [] brackets as in a list
What is file I/O?
File input / output
Using a / for division produces a _______.
Float
Computers can't store ______ completely accurately, which can lead to bugs.
Floats
What are two keywords used to start loop (repeating) statements in Python 2.7?
For & While
what does the string function .len() do?
Gives you the number of characters in the string. (length)
What are these Boolean operators? <= >=
Greater than / less than (or equal to)
Is this a true or false statement? 2 != t
True
T or F You can call another function from within a function
True
This is the correct way to initialize a class def __init__(self, new_var): self.new_var = new_var
True
This is the correct way to print the 'condition' of 'my_car' class Car(object): condition = 'new' my_car = Car() print my_car.condition
True
Variables can be reassigned as many times as you want. (T or F)
True
You can assign a variable to an integer and then later assign that same variable to a string. (T or F)
True
You can multiply a string by an integer. (T or F)
True
What are the two Boolean values in python?
True and False
How do you perform exponentiation?
Two asterisks - (Base**Exponent)
How do you include a character that can't be directly included in a string? Ex: a double quote
Use a backslash
What is one method for using a while loop so that it does not become infinite and iterates a certain amount of times?
Use an increment count
Besides using a for loop, how can you iterate through items in a list?
Using the range function
A _______ allows you to store a value by assigning it to a name.
Variable
A while loop executes _____________________.
WHILE a condition holds true
When does python write data to a file?
When you close the file
How do you take just the portion of this list between the second and third positions? letters = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'] *remember to begin counting at 0 and that the number after the colon is NOT included
portion = letters[1:3]
Line of code that will output: Hello, World!
print ('Hello, World')
Write a line of code that calls the method 'description' on the object 'hippo' and prints it
print hippo.description()
write a line of code that prints the result of reading my_file
print my_file.read()
what is the benefit of using with and as?
python will automatically close the file for you
Replace the line in the function so that the functions prints every other list item. def print_list(x): for counter in ________________: print x[counter]
range(0, len(x),2)
How do you prompt the user for input?
raw_input('prompt')
what does this .remove() function do? listname.remove(x)
remove the actual item x if it finds it
what will this code do? word = 'apples' print len(word)
return the length of the word 'apples'
what does the .closed attribute do?
returns True if the file is closed and False otherwise
what does the type() function do?
returns the data type of the argument: (str, int, float)
what is the output of this code: print(3 * '7')
777
If you want to write a number in binary what must it begin with?
0b
What is the output of this code and why? int('6'+'3')
63 , because the operation inside the parenthesis is done first and while '6' and '3' are inside the parenthesis they are strings so their sum is '63', which is THEN converted into the integer 63
What are the 5 basic categories of statements that programming languages have.
1.) Conditional 2.) Looping 3.) Function 4.) Assignment 5.) Declaration
What are the 3 general parts of a function?
1.) Header (includes 'def') 2.) Comment (optional) 3.) body (indented)
What does this code do? def compute_bill(food): total = 0 for n in food: total += prices[n] return total
1.) defines a function called compute_bill that takes an argument called 'food' 2.) sets the variable 'total' to 0 3.) for every item in the list 'food' it will find that item by key in the dictionary 'prices' and add its value to the other items in the 'food' list 4.) prints result
What is the order of operations for boolean operators?
1.) not 2.) and 3.) or
______ = 5.0 / 3.0 * 6.0
10.0
What is the output of this code? x = 3 num = 17 print(num % x)
2 (remainder)
What is the output of this code? num = 7 if num > 3: print("3") if num < 5: print("5") if num ==7 print("7")
3, because since 7 is not less than 5 the next nested statement is never reached
What value will be printed after this code in run? x = 12 y = 10 y += 15 myvar = x + y print myvar
37
What will this code print? my_dict = {"shirts": 5, "pants": 4, "shoes": 2} print my_dict["pants"]
4
What will this code return? max( 2 , 6 , 9, -10)
9
The end of an if statement should contain a _.
:
To assign a variable use an ____ sign
=
What is the Boolean equal operator in python?
==
What are the Boolean operators for greater than / less than?
> <
What is a variable that is only available to a certain class called?
A member / member variable
What do you call a function inside of a class?
A method
A list goes between _______ separated by ______
Brackets , commas
while in a loop, a _____________ command allows to to exit before the completion of the loop
Break
How does the 'in' operator work?
Checks if an item is in something (like a list or string) and then returns True if it is and False if it is not.
What MUST you do in order for python to write to the file properly?
Close the file when done writing to it
To add a string that contains a number to an integer you must first __________________.
Convert the string to an integer
Python uses ______ to delimit blocks of code
Indentation
You can access a certain element of a list by its ________
Index
A program takes _____ to produce ______
Input, output
%d prints ______ as %s prints strings
Integers
The operator not only takes one argument and _________ it.
Inverts
What does the zip function do?
It creates pairs of elements when passed two lists
when selecting a section of a string that should include the end, for the second index you can use .len() or you can ______.
Leave second index blank
What is the output of this code? string_1 = "Camelot" string_2 = "place" print "Let's not go to %s. 'Tis a silly %s." % (string_1, string_2)
Let's not go to Camelot. 'Tis a silly place.
What will this line of code do? "parrot".upper()
Make all letters in the string "parrot" uppercase
An instance of a class automatically has access to what variables?
Member variables
You can use the ____ function to produce output.
A __________ is the part of a program in which a variable may be accessed.
Scope
User input is automatically returned as a ______. (With the contents automatically escaped.)
String
An else statement contains code that is called when _____________________.
The if statement evaluates to false
(T or F) Else statements must be followed by a :
True
(T or F) Lists can be added and multiplied
True
(T or F) The > < operators can be used to compare two strings lexicographically
True
(T or F) You can access the key and the value of a dictionary with a for loop
True
(T or F) You can put lists inside of dictionaries
True
(T or F) it is acceptable to call a function with a different variable name than the one used when the function was originally created
True
(T or F) you can use a for loop on a dictionary.
True
(T or F) The zip function can handle 4 lists at once
True
What is XOR?
Will return a true (1) if EITHER of the compared values are a one, but NOT BOTH
List_name[a:b] will return the portion of list_name starting ____ the index a and ending ____ the index b.
With, before
What will this code output? list1= [1, 2, 3] print(list1 + [4, 5, 6])
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]
What will this code return? my_list = [1, 2, 3, 5] my_list[2] = my_list[1] + 2
[1, 2, 4, 5]
What is this list comprehension equal to? i for i in range(10) if i % 3 == 1]
[1, 4, 7]
What will this code return? my_list = [8, 6, 4, 2] my_list.pop(1)
[8, 4, 2]
What function is required for classes to initialize objects?
__init__()
what is n? def square(n):
a parameter, which acts as a variable name for a passed in argument.
How do you initialize the object(s) of a class?
def __init__(self):
How would you delete the key-value pair with the key "Blue" in the dictionary "Colors"
del colors['Blue']
How do you delete a variable?
del variable name
what is the function which removes the item at the given index from the list but does not return the list?
del(listname[index])
Write a line of code that will return all the keys for a dictionary in no particular order
dictionary.keys()
Write a line of code that will return all the values for a dictionary in no particular order
dictionary.values()
How do you add a new key-value pair to a dictionary?
dictionary_name['Key'] = Value
You can access an attribute of a class using ___ notation
dot
The _____ statement is a shortcut to chaining if else statements.
elif
what is the syntax for using a lambda?
filter(lambda x: CONDITION , list_to_filter)
What are 3 ways a float can be produced?
float() Running an operation on two floats Running an operation on a float and an integer
How do you convert the integer 7 into the float 7.0?
float(7)
use the range function to perform the same task on a list as the ## for item in list: function
for i in range(len(list)):
How do you use a for loop for every item in a list?
for item in list_name:
How does using a for loop on a file work?
for line in f:
Write some code that will print the current date and time
from datetime import datetime now = datetime.now() print now
What if you want all of the math functions but don't want to keep typing in ' math. ' before calling each function, what can be done?
from math import * (Universal import)
How do you use pi?
from math import pi
How do you import just one function from a module?
from module import function
How do you use the sleep function?
from time import sleep
What will this code do? from random import randint randint(1,99)
give you a random integer between 1 and 99
A simple conditional statement taught in this course starts with the key word _____ .
if
Create a line of code that checks if user input has more than 0 characters AND is all letters
if len(INPUT) > 0 and INPUT.isalpha()
You can use an __ ________ to run code if a certain condition holds
if statement
Write a line of code that prints the square root of 25 using built in functions
import math print math.sqrt(25)
How do you convert user input (which is automatically a string) into an integer?
int(raw_input("prompt:"))
How do you print a list in reverse?
make the stride negative [::-1]
How do you open a file in append mode?
my_file = open('filename.txt', 'a')
Create a variable, my_file, and set it equal to calling the open() function on output.txt. In this case, pass "r+" as a second argument to the function so the file will allow you to readand write to it!
my_file = open('output.txt', 'r+')
How do you close the file when you are done writing to it?
my_file.close()
If statements can be _______ to perform more complex checks. This is one way to see if ______________ are met.
nested, multiple conditions
when using dot notation, does the object or the class name come first?
object
What do you have to do before reading or writing to a file?
open it (determine how you would like to)
What does this code do? class Triangle(Shape):
opens a class called 'Triangle' that Inherits the class 'Shape'
What does the use of 'w' do when opening a file?
opens in write-only mode
write a line of code that gets rid of all capitalization in the variable named parrot
parrot.lower()
What should the first argument passed to __init__() be?
self
What should you use as the first parameter when instantiating a class?
self
How do you call a method from another method that is from the same class?
self.method_name()
my_file.write() will only take what as an argument?
strings
As with integers and floats, _______ in Python can be added, using a process called __________.
strings, concatenation
what is the output of: 'python'[2]
t (always begin counting from 0)
what is inheritance?
the process by which one class takes on the attributes and methods of another
what will this code do? letters = ['a' , 'b' , 'c'] print ' '.join(letters)
will print the letters list with a space in place of the quotation marks and commas
What is the syntax for using with and as?
with open("file", "mode") as variable:
In-place operators allow you to write code like 'x = x + 3' more concisely, as:
x + = 3
When looping over the dictionary do you get the key or the value?
you get the key which you can use to get the value.
Dictionaries are enclosed in __.
{}