Questions from test 4

Assume we could alter the conditions in duodenum. If we inserted a large volume of highly acidic chyme which contained a large amount of fat, which of the following responses are consistent with that? 1. decreased gastric acid secretion, 2. increased bile production, 3. increased pancreatic bicarbonate production and pancreatic enzyme secretion, 4. increased secretin and cholecystokinin

A. 1,2,3,4

During external respiration

A. Hb becomes HbO2

Gastritis, peptic ulcers and gastric cancer can all be caused by

A. Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium

The formation of HCl in the stomach involves the

A. active transport of hydrogen ions from parietal cells into the lumen of the stomach.

Chylomicrons

A. are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells

The carotid and aortic bodies will communicate with the primary respiratory center when

A. blood oxygen levels are low

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juices. This phase of gastric secretion is called the __ phase.

A. cephalic

The concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide is __ in tissue fluid than in arterial blood.

A. higher

Contraction of the respiratory muscles cause the thoracic cavity to __ in volume.

A. increase

Intrapleural pressure must be __ intrapulmonary pressure to keep the lungs inflated.

A. less than

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct contact with the food consumed?

A. mucosa

Which of the following represents a mismatch in stomach wall structure?

A. muscularis - two layers, both cirucular

Which of the following is the correct sequence when tracing the path of air from the nose to the lungs?

A. nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles

What type of tissue forms the mucosa of the trachea?

A. pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be

A. retroperitoneal

Arrange the following structures in order from the small intestine to the rectum. 1. ascending colon, 2. descending colon, 3. sigmoid colon, 4. transverse colon

B. 1,4,2,3

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

B. absorption of food

Which of the following cell types is correctly matched with its function?

B. absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes

Hyperventilation could lead to

B. alkalosis

The __are air sacs where gas exchange occurs

B. alveoli

Which of the following is not true of hypoventilation?

B. carbon dioxide levels decrease

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called

B. chyme

If blood carbon dioxide levels are low, the primary respiratory center will __ the rate and depth of respiration

B. decrease

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

B. duodenum and jejunum

Bile

B. emulsifies fats in the small intestine

What is the primary function of the respiratory system?

B. gas exchange

What is internal respiration?

B. gas exchange between blood and tissue fluid

Fatty acid and certain lipids in the duodenum initiate the release of

B. gastric inhibitory peptide and cholecystokinin (CCK)

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the

B. gastric phase of gastric secretion.

Nutrient rich blood from the digestive tract comes to the liver by way of the

B. hepatic portal vein

The diaphragm contracts during __ and relaxes during __.

B. inspiration, expiration

Emphysema

B. is a degenerative disease affecting the respiratory membrane

Bile is produced by the cells of the

B. liver

Before external respiration occurs, the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the alveoli is __ than in the pulmonary capillaries

B. lower

As the volume of the thoracic cavity increases due to the contraction of the muscles of inspiration what occurs in the lungs and alveoli

B. lung and alveolar volumes increase and intrapulmonary pressure decreases

Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called

B. micelles

Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?

B. mucosa

The portion of the digestive tract that recieves food directly from the oral cavity is the

B. oropharynx

Which of the following cells types is correctly matched with its function?

B. parietal cells - produce hydrochloric acid

Which of the following are secreted by the stomach?

B. pepsinogen and intrinsic factor

Which of the following regions of the stomach is correctly matched with its description?

B. pylorus - the most inferior portion of the stomach

What characteristic(s) of the respiratory membrane facilitate(s) gas exchange?

B. simple squamous epithelium of the alveoli and capillaries

Cholecystokinin is produced by endocrine cells of the

B. small intestine

What is the purpose of the mucociliary escalator mechanism?

B. to screen out, kill and remove dust, dirt and pathogens from inhaled air

The common name for the larynx is the

B. voice box

Arrange the following in order from largest to smallest: 1. dipeptide, 2. protein, 3. amino acid, 4. polypeptide

C. 2,4,1,3

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi to the small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder: 1. common bile duct; 2. common hepatic duct; 3. cystic duct; 4. left and right hepatic duct.

C. 4, 2, 1

Which of the following does not illustrate digestion

C. CO2 and H2O --> carbohydrates

Which of the following is not true of hyperventilating?

C. PH decreases, causing alkalosis

Lipid-soluble drugs placed under the tongue

C. are quickly dissolved and absorbed.

In internal respiration, oxygen is diffusing from the

C. capillary blood into the tissue fluid

After bicarbonate ion is produced in the red blood cell, it moves into the plasma and is replaced by a __

C. chloride ion

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the

C. common bile duct and pancreatic duct

If carbon dioxide levels in the blood increase, pH will __, causing __

C. decrease; acidosis

Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system?

C. elimination of undigested food

Intrinsic factor

C. facilitates the absorption of vitamin B 12

The major stimulus for the release of cholecystokinin is the presence of __ in the intestine

C. fatty acids and other lipids

What is external respiration?

C. gas exchange between air and blood

Which of the following would inhibit both gastric secretion and gastric motility?

C. gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

C. gastrin

What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?

C. ileum

The pressure that forms between the two layers of the pleura is called

C. intrapleural pressure

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events for expiration?

C. lung volume decreases, alveolar volume decreases, alveolar pressure increases

The primary respiratory control center is located in the

C. medulla oblongata

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestive tract wall is

C. mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Eupnea is

C. normal quiet breathing

The __ helps hold a tooth in its socket.

C. periodontal ligament

What nerve innervates the diaphragm?

C. phrenic

The epiglottis

C. prevents food from entering the air passage

Which of the following events occurs because of the low pH of the stomach

C. proper environment for functioning of pepsin.

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the

C. serosa

Which of the following is not a division of the pharynx?

C. sinopharynx

The gallbladder

C. stores bile

A man had a gunshot wound in his abdomen. The bullet passed through his anterior body and lodged inside the transverse colon. What layers did the bullet pass through to arrive at the location? 1. parietal peritoneum, 2. visceral peritoneum

D. 1,2,2,2

What activities are included in the process of respiration?

D. All of the choices are correct

Which of the following components of salvia is mismatched with its function?

D. IgA- increases ulceration in the mouth.

As air moves through the respiratory tract it is

D. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following is a defense against invading organisms in the respiratory tract?

D. all of the choices are correct

Which of the following is not a method of carbon dioxide transport by the blood

D. as a free gas

Which of the following muscles contract to start inspiration?

D. both diaphragm and external intercostals

What is the purpose of surfactant that lines each alveolus?

D. both keeps the alveoli from collapsing and reduces the surface tension of water

Why is the trachea supported by c-shaped cartilage rings?

D. both to hold it open all the time and to allow the esophagus to expand while swallowing.

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

D. composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers.

The enteric plexus

D. controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract.

The oral cavity

D. has boundaries that include the lips, palate and cheeks.

The villi, microvilli and plicae circularis function to

D. increase surface area for absorption

Emulsification

D. increases surface area for lipid digestion.

The myenteric plexus is found in the __ of the digestive tract wall

D. muscularis

The abdominal cavity is lined with

D. parietal peritoneum

Which serous membrane lines the thoracic cavity?

D. parietal pleura

Which portion of the respiratory tract is also a passageway for food?

D. pharynx

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

D. pulp cavity - cementum

Which of the following organs is part of the digestive tract or alimentary canal?

D. stomach

What force creates the intrapleural pressure between the visceral and parietal pleurae?

D. surface tension

Arrange the following events in the correct order: 1. absorption of lipids, 2. emulsification, 3. micelle formation, 4. digestion of lipids

E. 2,4,3,1

Arrange the following in the proper sequence: 1. digestion, 2. elimination, 3. ingestion, 4. absorption

E. 3,1,4,2

Functions of the liver include

E. all of these choices are correct

Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent

E. chyme from entering the large intestine

The liver

E. consist of two major lobes and two minor lobes

Which of the following is correctly matched?

E. muscularis - responsible for peristalsis