Questions from the homework

Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?

Glossopharyngeal nerve

Viscosity and osmolarity will both increase if the amount of ____________ in the blood increases.

erythrocytes and protein

Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.

false

In healthy blood vessels, platelets do not adhere because the smooth endothelium is coated with_________.

prostacyclin

The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?

Vagus nerve

Which of the following correctly describe hemophilia?

-It has sex-linked recessive mechanism of heredity. -Most hemophilia occurs predominantly in males. -Classical hemophilia (hemophilia A) is caused by a lack of factor VIII. -Hemophilia B is caused by a lack of factor IX.

Choose the statement(s) that describe(s) hemolytic disease of the newborn

-It occurs when an Rh- woman carries an Rh+ fetus. -The first pregnancy is likely to be uneventful because the placenta normally prevents maternal and fetal blood from mixing. -At the time of birth, or if a miscarriage occurs, placental tearing exposes the mother to Rh+ fetal blood and she begins to produce anti-D antibodies. -If she becomes pregnant again with an Rh+ fetus, her anti-D antibodies may pass through the placenta and agglutinate the fetal erythrocytes.

Choose the accurate statement(s) about the two reaction pathways that lead to the common pathway of coagulation

-The intrinsic mechanism uses only clotting factors found in the blood itself. -In most cases of bleeding, both the extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms work simultaneously to contribute to hemostasis. -The extrinsic mechanism is initiated by clotting factors released by the damaged blood vessel and perivascular tissues.

Choose the accurate statements regarding the effects of edema. Check all that apply.: 1. Cerebral edema can produce headaches, nausea, and sometimes delirium, seizures, and coma. 2. As the tissues become congested with fluid, oxygen delivery and waste removal are impaired and the tissues may begin to die. 3. Pulmonary edema presents a threat of suffocation as fluid replaces air in the lungs. 4. As the tissues become congested with fluid, oxygen delivery and waste removal are improved. 5. Even severe edema does not cause blood volume and pressure to drop low enough to cause circulatory shock.

1,2,3

Which of the following occur during a period of exercise? Check all that apply.: 1. The sympathetic nervous system can selectively reduce blood flow to the kidneys and digestive tract. 2. The sympathetic nervous system can increase perfusion of the skeletal muscles. 3. Metabolite accumulation in a tissue can stimulate local vasodilation. 4. The parasympathetic nervous system can selectively reduce blood flow to the kidneys and digestive tract. 5. Metabolite accumulation in a tissue can stimulate local vasoconstriction.

1,2,3

Which of the following is not a mechanism that assists venous return? 1. Cardiac suction 2. Gravity 3. The skeletal muscle pump 4. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules 5. Pressure generated by the heart

4. Central venous pressure being greater than pressure in the venules

How do materials get from the blood to the surrounding tissues?

Diffusion, filtration and absorption, and transcytosis

Where are baroreceptors found?

Carotid sinuses

Heart rate and stroke volume decrease with a decrease in parasympathetic stimulation.

False

Choose the correct statement regarding the function of platelets.

They secrete procoagulants, or clotting factors, which promote blood clotting.

What is(are) the physiological purposes of vasoreflexes?

To cause a generalized raising or lowering of blood pressure throughout the body and to selectively modify the perfusion of a particular organ by rerouting blood from one region of the body to another

After tissue repair is completed, factor XII catalyzes the formation of a plasma enzyme called kallikrein, that in turn converts an inactive plasminogen into _________, a fibrin-dissolving enzyme that breaks up the clot.

plasmin

Blood usually passes through one network of capillaries from the time it leaves the heart until the time it returns, but there are exceptions, notably the __________.

portal systems and anastomoses