Quiz (1-6) Review for Exam 1

What is not a general characteristic of an animal? a. Autotrophic b. Most reproduce sexually c. Multicellular d. Cells organized into tissues

a. Autotrophic

Recently, a microbe that is able to digest cellulose was discovered in a hot spring with an average temperature of 95°C. Predict the group to which this microbe most likely belongs. a. Archaea b. Proteobacteria c. Fungi d. Cyanobacteria

a. Archaea

Which of the following combinations correctly matches a phylum to its description? a. Echinodermata—bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system b. Nematoda—segmented worms, closed circulatory system c. Cnidaria—flatworms, gastrovascular cavity, acoelomate d. Platyhelminthes—radial symmetry, polyp and medusa body forms

a. Echinodermata—bilateral symmetry as a larva, water vascular system

Which of the following is a true statement about asexual reproduction in plants? a. Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation. b. Clones of plants do not occur naturally. c. Cloning, although achieved in animals, has not been demonstrated in plants. d. Reproduction of plants by cloning may be either sexual or asexual.

a. Making cuttings of ornamental plants is a form of fragmentation.

If all prokaryotes on Earth suddenly vanished, which of the following would be the most likely and most direct result? a. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially. b. Human populations would thrive in the absence of disease. c. Bacteriophage numbers would dramatically increase. d. There would be no more pathogens on Earth.

a. The recycling of nutrients would be greatly reduced, at least initially.

It is believed that the coelacanths and lungfish represent a crucial link between other fishes and tetrapods. What is the major feature in these fish in support of this hypothesis? a. Their fins have skeletal and muscular structures similar to amphibian limbs. b. They have lungs and are able to breathe air when water is scarce. c. They have highly evolved nervous and circulatory systems. d. Like amphibians, they are tied to the water for reproduction.

a. Their fins have skeletal and muscular structures similar to amphibian limbs.

Which of the following is not a trait of the Phylum Arthropoda? a. They have a closed circulatory system like vertebrates b. They have segmented bodies with a hard exoskeleton c. They have well-developed sensory organs d. They are all coelomates

a. They have a closed circulatory system like vertebrates

Which of the following statements about prokaryotes is false? a. They have membrane-bound organelles b. Prokaryotes are generally smaller than eukaryotes c. Most prokaryotes are unicellular d. They have less DNA than eukaryotes

a. They have membrane-bound organelles

Transduction in a bacterium is the process by which: a. Viruses carry genes from one cell to another b. Chromosomes undergo crossing over c. DNA is transferred between two cells that are temporarily joined d. Foreign DNA is taken up from the surrounds

a. Viruses carry genes from one cell to another

Which of these events occurs first in seed germination? a. Water is taken up. b. Mitochondria multiply and provide energy for growth processes. c. Cell division occurs in the embryo and growth starts. d. Oxygen is produced and proteins are synthesized.

a. Water is taken up.

Which characteristic is shared by cnidarians and flatworms? a. a digestive system with a single opening b. radial symmetry c. dorsoventrally flattened bodies d. a distinct head

a. a digestive system with a single opening

Interstitial fluid is ________. a. a site of exchange between blood and body cells b. found only in the lumen of the small intestine c. the internal environment inside animal cells d. identical to blood in composition.

a. a site of exchange between blood and body cells

The chloroplasts of land plants are thought to have been derived according to which evolutionary sequence? a. cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants b. cyanobacteria → green algae → fungi → land plants c. red algae → brown algae → green algae → land plants d. cyanobacteria → red algae → green algae → land plants

a. cyanobacteria → green algae → land plants

Which of the following would you classify as something other than an animal? a. dinoflagellate b. jellyfish c. coral d. Sponge

a. dinoflagellate

Previously recognized similarities that seemed to connect slime molds and fungi are now considered to be ________. a. examples of convergent evolution b. variations of common ancestral traits c. homologies d. adaptations for much different functions

a. examples of convergent evolution

A porous test (shell) of calcium carbonate, through which pseudopodia protrude, is characteristic of ________. a. foraminiferans b. diatoms c. water molds d. ciliates

a. foraminiferans

Compared to most animals, the growth of most plant structure is best described as ________. a. indeterminate b. primary c. perennial d. Weedy

a. indeterminate

In a life cycle with alternation of generations, multicellular haploid forms alternate with a. multicellular diploid forms. b. unicellular haploid forms. c. multicellular haploid forms. d. unicellular diploid forms.

a. multicellular diploid forms.

Shoots that grow vertically toward the sun can be characterized as ________. a. positive for phototropism and negative for gravitropism b. positive for phototropism and neutral for gravitropism c. neutral for phototropism and positive for gravitropism d. negative for phototropism and positive for gravitropism

a. positive for phototropism and negative for gravitropism

Trypanosome infections evade attacks by host immune systems through which of the following mechanisms? a. production of new cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation b. insertion of its DNA into the nuclear DNA of host cells c. production of toxins that kill lymphocytes d. infection of lymphocytes leading to a decline in the host's ability to fight infection

a. production of new cell-surface proteins with a different molecular structure by each new generation

Which of the following is correctly paired with its structure and function? a. sclerenchyma—supporting cells with thick secondary walls b. guard cells—waterproof ring of cells surrounding the central stele in roots c. periderm—parenchyma cells functioning in photosynthesis in leaves d. ground meristem—protective coat of woody stems and roots

a. sclerenchyma—supporting cells with thick secondary walls

Additional vascular tissue produced as secondary growth in a root originates from which cells? a. vascular cambium b. apical meristem c. endodermis d. Xylem

a. vascular cambium

The physical property that predicts the direction of water flow is referred to as ________. a. water potential b. sodium pump c. potassium pump d. osmotic potential

a. water potential

What adaptations should one expect of the seed coats of angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by frugivorous (fruit-eating) animals, as opposed to angiosperm species whose seeds are dispersed by other means? 1. The exterior of the seed coat should have barbs or hooks. 2. The seed coat should contain secondary compounds that irritate the lining of the animal's mouth. 3. The seed coat should be able to withstand low pHs. 4. The seed coat, upon its complete digestion, should provide vitamins or nutrients to animals. 5. The seed coat should be resistant to the animals' digestive enzymes. Select one: a. 4 only b. 3 and 5 c. 3, 4, and 5 d. 1 and 2

b. 3 and 5

Which of the following is a trait that is seen in some, but not all, molluscs? a. A radula b. A shell c. A mantle d. A muscular foot

b. A shell

Which of the following mechanisms is in the correct sequence of steps (I-IV as listed below) that takes place during the formation of de-etiolation (greening) response proteins in plants? I. Detection of light signal II. Activation of phytochrome III. Activation of specific protein kinase1 IV. Formation of de-etiolation response protein Select one: a. III, I, II, and IV b. I, II, III, and IV c. I, III, II, and IV d. II, I, III, and IV

b. I, II, III, and IV

An animal with a body cavity that is partially lined by mesoderm is classified as a. Coelomate b. Pseudocoelomate c. Noncoelomate d. Acoelomate

b. Pseudocoelomate

The apoplast in plant tissues consists of ________. a. cell walls, extracellular spaces, and plasmodesmata b. cell walls, extracellular spaces, and vessel elements c. cell walls, plasma membrane, and cytosol d. vessel elements, plasmodesmata, and extracellular spaces

b. cell walls, extracellular spaces, and vessel elements

If a person were to travel to a time zone that was several hours ahead of their own, they may experience tiredness known as jet lag. Jet lag is due to a disruption of ________. a. body temperature b. circadian rhythm c. nerve impulses d. homeostasis

b. circadian rhythm

During the nighttime, due to lack of transpiration, the water potential within the vascular cylinder ________. a. lowers due to loss of minerals b. lowers due to accumulation of minerals c. increases due to accumulation of minerals d. increases due to loss of minerals

b. lowers due to accumulation of minerals

Double fertilization means that ________. a. flowers must be pollinated twice to yield fruits and seeds b. one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei c. every sperm has two nuclei d. the egg of the embryo sac is diploid

b. one sperm is needed to fertilize the egg, and a second sperm is needed to fertilize the polar nuclei

The detector of light during de-etiolation (greening) of a tomato plant is (are) ________. a. auxin b. phytochrome c. carotenoids d. xanthophylls Feedback

b. phytochrome

Which of the following is the correct order of floral organs from the outside to the inside of a complete flower? a. sepals → stamens → petals → carpels b. sepals → petals → stamens → carpels c. petals → sepals → stamens → carpels d. spores → gametes → zygote → embryo

b. sepals → petals → stamens → carpels

If a potato tuber sends sugar to the rest of the plant during spring but receives sugar from the rest of the plant during summer, it moves from being _____. a. store of salts to lacking them b. source to a sink c. a vegetative organ to a fruit d. a below-ground structure to an above-ground structure

b. source to a sink

The metabolic rate of an animal is most accurately determined by ________. a. the amount of work done by an animal b. the amount of energy used by an animal in a given time c. the amount of carbon dioxide produced by an animal in a given time. d. the amount of food consumed during a meal

b. the amount of energy used by an animal in a given time

Which of these characteristics contributed the most to vertebrate success in relatively dry environments? a. the ability to maintain a constant body temperature b. the shelled, amniotic egg c. two pairs of appendages d. a four-chambered heart

b. the shelled, amniotic egg

Biologists sometimes divide living organisms into two groups: autotrophs and heterotrophs. These two groups differ in ________. a. their mode of inheritance b. their sources of carbon c. their electron acceptors d. the way that they generate ATP

b. their sources of carbon

Which of the following are water-conducting cells that are dead at functional maturity? a. parenchyma cells b. tracheids and vessel elements c. sieve-tube elements d. collenchyma cells

b. tracheids and vessel elements

Loss of water from the aerial parts of plants is called ________. a. gas exchange b. transpiration c. dehydration d. respiration

b. transpiration

Which of the following statements about the pine life cycle is accurate? a. Male and female gametophytes are in close proximity during gamete synthesis. b. The pine tree is a gametophyte. c. Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes. d. Double fertilization is a relatively common phenomenon.

c. Conifer pollen grains contain male gametophytes.

What group of mammals have (a) embryos that spend more time feeding through the placenta than the mother's nipples, (b) young that feed on milk, and (c) a prolonged period of maternal care after leaving the placenta? a. Lagomorpha b. Monotremata c. Eutheria d. Marsupiala

c. Eutheria

Which organ system is responsible for protection against injury, infection, and dehydration? a. Excretory system b. Reproductive system c. Integumentary system d. Skeletal system

c. Integumentary system

Liverworts, hornworts, and mosses are grouped together as bryophytes. Besides not having vascular tissue, what do they all have in common? a. They can reproduce asexually by producing gemmae. b. They are all wind pollinated. c. They require water for reproduction. d. They are heterosporous.

c. They require water for reproduction.

Which of the following animals most likely uses the largest percentage of its energy budget for homeostatic regulation? a. a marine jelly (an invertebrate) living deep in the ocean b. a snake in a tropical forest c. a bird living year-round in a desert d. a shark swimming in the open ocean

c. a bird living year-round in a desert

Which of the following characteristics is shared by a hagfish and a lamprey? a. paired fins b. a rasping tongue c. a well-developed notochord d. jaws

c. a well-developed notochord

A botanist discovers a new species of plant in a tropical rain forest. Investigation of its anatomy and life cycle shows the following characteristics: flagellated sperm, xylem with tracheids, separate gametophyte, and sporophyte generations with the sporophyte dominant, and no seeds. This plant is probably most closely related to ________. a. mosses b. flowering plants c. ferns d. gymnosperms

c. ferns

Which of the following is the correct sequence of the zones in the primary growth of a root, moving from the root cap inward? a. zone of elongation, zone of cell division, zone of differentiation b. zone of differentiation, zone of elongation, zone of cell division c. zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation d. zone of cell division, zone of differentiation, zone of elongation

c. zone of cell division, zone of elongation, zone of differentiation

Which of the following traits seen in birds is not a direct adaptation for flight? a. Strong pectoral muscles attached to a keeled sternum b. Honeycomb bones c. Gonads are small and only increase in size during breeding season d. Complex breeding behaviors

d. Complex breeding behaviors

You have found a new prokaryote. What line of evidence would support your hypothesis that the organism is a cyanobacterium? a. It is an endosymbiont. b. It lacks cell walls. c. It forms chains called mycelia. d. It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.

d. It is able to form colonies and produce oxygen.

Which of the following correctly describes a fact about round worms? a. They have an incomplete digestive system. b. They body consists of segmentation. c. They have a scolex with suckers and hooks for attaching to their hosts. d. Their nutrients are transported throughout their body in a pseudocoelom.

d. Their nutrients are transported throughout their body in a pseudocoelom.

Which of the following pairs are the best examples of homologous structures? a. eyelessness in the Australian mole and eyelessness in the North American mole b. owl wing and hornet wing c. bat wing and bird wing d. bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb

d. bones in the bat wing and bones in the human forelimb

The black dots that cover strawberries are actually fruits formed from the separate carpels of a single flower. The fleshy and tasty portion of a strawberry derives from the receptacle of a flower with many separate carpels. Therefore, a strawberry is a. both a simple fruit and an aggregate fruit. b. both a multiple fruit and an accessory fruit. c. a simple fruit with many seeds. d. both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit.

d. both an aggregate fruit and an accessory fruit.

Some beetles and flies have antler-like structures on their heads, much like male deer. The existence of antlers in beetle, fly, and deer species with strong male-male competition is an example of ________. a. homology b. similarity due to shared ancestry c. parsimony d. convergent evolution

d. convergent evolution

Bacteria perform the following ecological roles. Which role typically does not involve symbiosis? a. gut mutualist b. pathogen c. skin commensalist d. decomposer

d. decomposer

While looking at some seawater through your microscope, you spot the egg of an unknown animal. Which of the following tests could you use to determine whether the developing organism is a protostome or a deuterostome? See whether the embryo ________. a. develops germ layers b. develops an archenteron c. develops a blastopore d. exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage

d. exhibits spiral cleavage or radial cleavage

Most scientists agree that global warming is underway; thus, it is important to know how plants respond to heat stress. Which of the following would be a useful line of inquiry to try and improve plant response and survival to heat stress? a. the production of heat-stable carbohydrates b. the opening of stomata to increase evaporational heat loss c. protoplast fusion experiments with xerophytic plants d. increased production of heat-shock proteins

d. increased production of heat-shock proteins

The presence of vascular tissue allowed plants to ________. a. release toxins into the soil that reduced competition with other plants by poisoning nearby plants b. transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues and use them to protect developing embryos c. absorb nutrients from the soil and form a symbiosis with fungi d. transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller

d. transport nutrients and water from below-ground tissues to above-ground tissues and grow taller

The most ancient branch point in animal phylogeny is the characteristic of having ________. a. radial or bilateral symmetry b. diploblastic or triploblastic embryos c. a body cavity or no body cavity d. true tissues or no tissues

d. true tissues or no tissues

Where in an angiosperm would you find a megasporangium? a. enclosed in the stigma of a flower b. packed into pollen sacs within the anthers found on a stamen c. in the style of a flower d. within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower

d. within an ovule contained within an ovary of a flower