Quiz 1. Overview Of Nutrition
Which of the following is an overt symptom of iron deficiency? - Anemia - Headaches - Skin dryness - Decreased red blood cell count
Headaches
What is the meaning of a double-blind experiment? - Both subject groups take turns getting each treatment - Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experiment group - Neither group of subjects knows whether they are in the control or experiment group but the researchers do know - Both subject groups know whether they are in the control or experiment group but the researchers do not know
Neither subjects nor researchers know which subjects are in the control or experiment group
Which of the following is an example of a macronutrient? - Protein - Calcium - Vitamin C - Vitamin D
Protein
When consumed in excess, all of the following can be converted to body fat and stored EXCEPT - sugar - corn oil - alcohol - vitamin C
Vitamin C
Which of the following represents the usual sequence of stages in the development of a nutrient deficiency resulting from inadequate intake? - Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs - Abnormal functions within the body, declining nutrient stores, and overt signs - Abnormal functions within the body, overt signs, and declining nutrient stores - Declining nutrient stores, overt signs, and abnormal functions within the body
Declining nutrient stores, abnormal functions within the body, and overt signs
A person viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness would be displaying a food choice behavior most likely based on: - habit - availability - emotional comfort - positive association
Emotional comfort
Which of the following results from the metabolism of energy nutrients? - Energy is released - Body fat increases - Energy is destroyed - Body water decreases
Energy is released
In nutrition research, observations of the quantities and types of foods eaten by groups of people and the health status of those groups are known as; - case-control studies. - epidemiological studies. - human intervention trials. - correlation-control studies.
Epidemiological studies
The starting point to formulate a Recommended Dietary Allowance uses the; - lower Tolerable Limit. - upper Tolerable Limit. - subclinical Deficiency Value. - estimated Average Requirement.
Estimated Average Requirement
Which of the following is an organic nutrient? - Fat - Water - Oxygen - Calcium
Fat
Gram for gram, which of the following provides the most energy? - Fats - Alcohol - Proteins - Carbohydrates
Fats
Which of the following is NOT one of the six classes of nutrients? - Fiber - Protein - Minerals - Vitamins
Fiber
A person who eats a bowl of oatmeal for breakfast every day would be displaying a food choice most likely based on: - habit - availability - body image - environmental concerns
Habit
How are the RDA figures for almost all nutrient intakes set? - Low, so as not to risk toxicity - High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals - Extremely high, to cover every single person - At the mean, to cover most healthy individuals
High, to cover virtually all healthy individuals
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the vitamins? - Essential - Inorganic - Destructible - kcalorie-free
Inorganic
Which of the following CANNOT be "fattening" to the body? - Alcohol - Proteins - Carbohydrates - Inorganic nutrients
Inorganic Nutrients
Which of the following is a feature of a nutrient's Tolerable Upper Intake Level? - It represents the maximum amount allowed for fortifying a food - It is a number calculated by taking twice the RDA or three times the AI - It represents the total intake from food, water, and supplements - It represents the maximum allowable amount available in supplement form
It represents the total intake from food, water, and supplements
Which of the following is used to determine the presence of abnormal functions inside the body due to a nutrient deficiency? - Diet history - Laboratory tests - Body weight loss - Physical examination
Laboratory tests
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic shared by minerals? - Yield no energy - Stable in cooked foods - Metabolized in the body - Structurally smaller than vitamins
Metabolized in the body
In setting Dietary Recommended Intakes for nutrients, the DRI Committee makes all of the following assumptions EXCEPT; - people generally are healthy - people generally consume protein of good quality - people generally consume diets adequate in kcalories - people buy their foods exclusively at health food stores
People buy their foods exclusively at health food stores
Inspection of hair, eyes, skin, and posture is part of the nutrition assessment component known as; - diet history - anthropometrics - biochemical testing - physical examination
Physical examination
The Dietary Reference Intakes may be used to; - treat people with diet-related disorders. - assess adequacy of all required nutrients. - plan and evaluate diets for healthy people. - assess adequacy of only vitamins and minerals.
Plan and evaluate diets for healthy people
Which of the following nutrient sources yields more than 4 kcalories per gram? - Plant fats - Plant proteins - Animal proteins - Plant carbohydrates
Plant fats
Which of the following leading causes of death in the U.S. does NOT bear a relationship to diet? - Cancer - Heart disease - Diabetes mellitus - Pneumonia and influenza
Pneumonia and influenza
The amount of a nutrient that meets the needs of about 98% of a population is termed the; - Adequate Intake - Daily Recommended Value - Tolerable Upper Intake Level - Recommended Dietary Allowance
Recommended Dietary Allowance.
Who would be the most appropriate person to consult regarding nutrition information? - Chiropractor - Medical doctor - Registered dietitian - Health food store manager
Registered dietitian
What section of a research article contains a detailed description of the study's findings, including any tables and figures? - Results - Abstract - Conclusions - Methodology
Results
Factors known to be related to a disease but not proven to be causal are called; - risk factors - genetic factors - degenerative factors - environmental factors
Risk factors
What type of deficiency is caused by inadequate absorption of a nutrient? - Primary - Clinical - Secondary - Subclinical
Secondary
Which of the following represents a rationale for setting the RDA for energy? - Since protein is an energy nutrient, the figures for energy intake are set in proportion to protein intake - Since a large number of people are overweight, the figures are set to induce a gradual weight loss in most individuals - Since the energy needs within each population group show little variation, the figures are set to meet the needs of almost all individuals - Since a margin of safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake
Since a margin of safety would result in excess energy intake for a large number of people, the figures are set at the average energy intake
Which of the following is a feature of the minerals as nutrients? - They are organic in form - They yield 4 kcal per gram - Some become dissolved in body fluids - Some may be destroyed during cooking
Some become dissolved in body fluids
Which of the following most accurately describes the term organic? - Products sold at health food stores - Products grown without use of pesticides - Foods possessing superior nutrient qualities - Substances possessing carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
Substances possessing carbon-carbon or carbon-hydrogen bonds
What is the chief reason people choose the foods they eat? - Cost - Taste - Convenience - Nutritional value
Taste
Which of the following is characteristic of an essential nutrient? - Cannot be found in food - Cannot be degraded by the body - Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body - Cannot be used to synthesize other compounds in the body
Cannot be made in sufficient quantities by the body
What is the benefit of using a large sample size in an experiment? - Chance variation is ruled out - There will be no placebo effect - The experiment will be double-blind - The control group will be similar to the experimental group
Chance variation is ruled out
How many vitamins are known for human beings? 5 8 10 13
13
A weight reduction regimen calls for a daily intake of 1400 kcal which includes 30g of fat. Approximately what percentage of the total energy is contributed by fat? 8.5 15 19 25.5
19
A diet provides a total of 2200 kcalories of which 40% of the energy is from fat and 20% from protein. How many grams of carbohydrate are contained in the diet? 220 285 440 880
220
If a group of people consumed an amount of protein equal to the average requirement for their population group, what percentage would receive insufficient amounts? 2 33 50 98
50
What is the kcalorie value of a meal supplying 110 g of carbohydrates, 25 g of protein, 20 g of fat, and 5 g of alcohol? 160 345 560 755
755
What is the benefit of using placebos in an experiment? - All subjects are similar - All subjects receive a treatment - Neither subjects nor researchers know who is receiving treatment - One group of subjects receives a treatment and the other group receives nothing
All subjects receive a treatment
Recommended Dietary Allowances may be used to; - measure nutrient balance. - assess dietary nutrient adequacy. - treat persons with diet related illness. - calculate exact food requirements for most individuals.
Assess dietary nutrient adequacy
Which of the following statements most accurately describes the composition of most foods? - Contain only one of the three energy nutrients although a few contain all of them - Contain equal amounts of the three energy nutrients, except for high fat foods - Contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate - Contain only two of the three energy nutrients although there are numerous other foods that contain only one
Contain mixtures of the three energy nutrients, although only one or two may predominate
Which of the following is/are NOT fat-soluble? - Vitamin A - Vitamin K - Vitamin D - B vitamins
B vitamins
International units of energy are expressed in; - newtons - calories - kilojoules - kilocalories
kilojoules
What is the benefit of using controls in an experiment? - The size of the groups can be very large - The subjects do not know anything about the experiment - The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos - The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested
The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested
Which of the following is an example of a micronutrient? - Fat - Protein - Vitamin C - Carbohydrate
Vitamin C
By chemical analysis, what nutrient is present in highest amounts in most foods? - Fats - Water - Proteins - Carbohydrates
Water
Which of the following represents a food choice based on negative association? - A tourist from China who rejects a hamburger due to unfamiliarity - A child who spits out his mashed potatoes because they taste too salty - A teenager who grudgingly accepts an offer for an ice cream cone to avoid offending a close friend - An elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut butter and jelly sandwich because he deems it a child's food
An elderly gentleman who refuses a peanut butter and jelly sandwich because he deems it a child's food
Which of the following nutrients does NOT yield energy during its metabolism? - Fat - Proteins - Vitamins - Carbohydrates
Vitamins