Skeletal system

Periosteum

Connective tissue covering external portion of bone

Endosteum

Connective tissue lining of medullary cavity

synovial fluid is rich in which of the following?

Polysaccharides

The femur is the only bone of the

Thigh

The thin plates or rods of bony tissue that make up spongy bone are called

Trabeculae

the number of thoracic vertebrae is

12

Place the events in order as they occur in bone repair

1: bone is broken 2: boot clot(hematoma) forms 3: callus forms 4:callus ossifies 5:spongy bones remodel to compact bone

The typical number of bones in the adult skeleton is ___

206

An adult human has ___ pairs of "true" ribs

7

What is a brusa?

A sac filled with fluid that is located between muscles, tendon and bone

What are the functions of the menisco of the knee?

Absorb shock

What structures on the coxal bone represents the articulation points of the femur

Acetabulum

The"no" motion of the head is produced by rotation of the

Acis or C2 vertebra

Yellow bone marrow

Adipose tissue

Where is red bone marrow found in the bone of a child?

Almost all bones

Slightly movable

Amphiarthroses

What is a meniscus?

An incomplete, crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pad found in joints such as the knee and wrist

The cuboid,calaneous and navicular are all bones found in the

Ankle

Which joint is represented by the articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus

Ankle

The epiphyses of a long bone are covered by the

Articular cartilage

The specific name of the C1 vertebra is the ___

Atlas

The "yes" motion or tilting of the head is produced by the movement of the

Atlas or C,vertebra

What is the function of the radial tuberosity on the radius

Attachment of the biceps brachil muscle

What is the function of the epicondyles of the humerus

Attachment point for muscles of the forearm

The C2 or second cervical vertebra is also called the ______

Axis

The shoulder joint is an example of a(n) ____ joint, a class of synovial joints

Ball and sockets

Choses the parts of the sternum

Body Manubrium Xiphpid process

The osteoblasts deposit during intramembranous ossification

Bone matrix

The process of is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress,replace old bone matrix, and to facilitate repair of broken bone

Bone remodeling

Callus formation occurs during

Bone repair

Muscles act on _______ to produce movement

Bones

The narrow channels that extend across the matrix and connect neighboring lacunae are called

Canaliculi

The wrist is composed of eight ____ bones arranged into two rows

Carpal

Joints that are joined together by cartilage are called _____ joints

Cartilaginous

What are menisci?

Cartilaginous pieces that absorb shocks and stabilize joints

The three types of vertebrae of the vertebral column from C1-L5 are the ____,_____, and lumbar vertebrae

Cervical Thoracic

Irregular bone

Complex shapes that do not regularly fit into other categories

The medial and lateral ___ are two smooth, rounded joint surfaces at the distal end of the femur

Condyles

The anterior lip of the trochlear notch is formed by the _____ process

Coronoid

What is the function of bursae?

Cushion between structures

The styloid process is located at the ___ end of the ulna

Distal

The radiocarpal joint at the wrist is a(n) ____ joint

Ellipsoid

The _____ is the layer of thin connective tissue lining internal surfaces of a bone

Endosteum

In endochondral bone formation, secondary centers for ossification appear in the regions of a long bone called the

Epiphyses

What movements are allowed to some extent at the knee joint

Extension and flexion

True or false: the bone responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called osteocytes

False

True or false: the primary functions of the skeletal system include support,protection, movement,storage and fat production

False

The condyles at the proximal end of the tibia articulate with the___ bone

Femur

Name the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule

Fibrous part of the joint capsule

Which of the following bones does not articulate with the femur

Fibula

Which structure allows flexibility of the skull during birth and accommodates the growth of the head?

Fontanels

The floor of the nasal cavity is composed of parts of the palatine and maxillary bones and is called the

Hard palate

Identify the correct descriptions of fibrous joints

Having

Identify the components of the upper limb

Head arm forearm wrist

What bone is composed of the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis?

Hip bone

medullary cavity

Hollow center of the shaft

The classification of a joint as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial describes _____

How the bone ends are held together within the joint

endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation from a model of ___ cartilage

Hyaline

Which of the following makes up the mineral component of the bone?

Hydroxyapatite

The bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone is the ____

Hyoid

What structure on the lumbar vertebrae are responsible for "locking" adjacent vertebrae to increase stability and limit rotation

Inferior articular facets Superior articular facets

The movement of the foot that turns the plantar surface of the foot medically is called ____

Inversion

Choose the bones that fuse to form the hip(coxal) bones

Ischium Publs Llium

Choose the bones that fuse to form the hip bones

Ischium pubis llium

A point where two bones meet is called a(n) ____

Joint

The hollow space in which an osteocytes resides is called a(n)

Lacunae

What is the calcaneus?

Largest tarsal bone that forms the heel

Turning the arm inward or outward at the shoulder is referred to as ____

Lateral and medial rotation

The major arches of the foot include

Longitudinal arches and transverse arch

Which of the following is not found in the distal row of carpal bones

Lunate

The anterior two-thirds of the hard palate is formed by the ____ and the posterior-third of the hard palate is formed by the ___ bones

Maxillae and palatine

Bone of the palm are called

Metacarpals

Gomphosis joints are only found in the ____

Mouth

What is eversion?

Movement of foot so that the plantar surface turns laterally

What is dorsiflexion?

Movement of foot upwards toward the shin as occurs when walking on your heels

What is pronation?

Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly or downward

What is abduction?

Moving body part in frontal plane away from the midline of the body

Which would not be considered a function of skeletal system

Nerve attachment

If a person is flexing and extending their head anterior and posterior to the coronal plane, what movement are they doing?

Nodding head ("yes")

The prominent process on the proximal end of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow is the _____ process

Olecranon

Circumduction is a motion is which _____

One end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion

The term which describes the entire process of bone formation is

Ossification

When bone cells found within lacunae are surrounded by bone matrix they are called

Osteocytes

A(n) ____ or Haversian system, consists of a central canal and all the concentric lamellae that surround it

Osteon

Several of the bones associated with the nasal cavity have large,air-fillied cavities within them called the

Paranasal sinuses

Identify the bone that is located within a major tendon of the anterior thigh muscles and enables the tendon to bend over the knee

Patella

The pelvis includes all of the bones of the _____ girdle and the ____

Pelvic and coccyx

The connective tissue sheath covering the external surface of a bone is called the

Periosteum

The dense connective tissue covering the majority of the external surface of a bone is called the

Periosteum

The dense connective tissue covering the majority of the external surface of above is called the

Periosteum

A joint allowing rotation of one bone within a bony ring or ligament of another bone is a(n) _____ joint

Pivot

A _____ joint is a synovial joint in which the bone surfaces are flat or nearly flat

Plane

The movement of the foot toward the plantar surface as occurs when jumping is called _____

Plantar flexion

The functions of the skeletal system

Production of blood cells and platelets Protection of organs Providing a framework that helps maintain the body's shape Acting as storage area for calcium in the body To enable normal movement

The bones of the forearm include the _____ and the ______

Radius and ulna

epiphyseal plate

Region of long bone that allows for growth

Flat bone

Relatively thin and usually have a curve

Which of the following is not a step in the repair and healing of a broken bone

Remodeling of compact bone to spongy bone

Choose the components of the rib cage

Ribs Thoracic vertebrae Sternum

Which bones are included in the pelvic girdle?

Right and left coxal bones

What bones forms the pelvis

Right and left coxal bones Coccyx Sacrum

A movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis is called ____

Rotation

The ____ joint is the articulation between the hip bone and the sacrum

Sacroiliac

The bones that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity is the ____

Sacrum

The verebral column includes the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in addition to the ___ and the ____

Sacrum and coccyx

The joint at the base of the thumb(trapziometacarpal joint) belongs to what class of synovial joints?

Saddle

Bone such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as bones

Short

Red bone marrow

Site of production of blood cells and platelets

On a vertebra, the ___ process is a projection extending posteriorly and downward from the vertebral arch

Spinous

Which of the following is a pivot joint

The axis-Atlas joint

A movement of the forearm that turns the play forward or upward is called _____

Supination

Synarthrotic fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called

Sutures

Flexion,extension,protraction and eversion are all examples of movements allowed by what general type of joints?

Synovial

In which type of joints are the bones separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space?

Synovial

The fluid that allows for considerable movement between bones of synovial joints is _____ fluid

Synovial

What is hydroxyapatite?

The mineral component of the bone

What is extension?

The movement that moves a joint posterior from the coronal plane

The phalanges of the lower limb are the bones of the

Toes

On a vertebra, the process that extends laterally from the point where the lamina and pedicle meet is called ______ process

Transverse

Which of the following is not carpal bone found in the proximal row

Trapezoid

The ____ ____ is a deep a C-shaped surface at the proximal end of the ulna that wraps around the trochlea of the humerus

Trochlea notch

The __ ribs each have costal cartilage anchoring then to the sternum

True

True or false: bones lengthen through endochondral ossification and in width through appositional growth

True

True or false: the skeletal system is the framework that helps maintain the body's shape and enables us to move normally

True

True or false: the type of bone tissue at the surface of bones is called compact bone

True

The public symhyisis is the site of articulation between the _____

Two coxal bones anteriorly

Short bone

Width approximately equal to length

What is yellow bone marrow?

adipose tissue

Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?

appositional growth

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of bones?

articular cartilage

thoracic vertebrae

articular facets present on transverse processes and body

What is the function of red bone marrow?

blood cell production

What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?

bone marrow

an increased blood calcium level stimulates the release of

calcitonin

The channel extending through the center of an osteon is called a __________ canal.

central

the ___ is a bone made up of four or five small fused vertebrae; it is the terminal inferior end of the vertebral column

coccyx

Bone tissue comprised of osteons( Haversian systems) is called ___ bone

compact

During endochondral ossification,where does the primary ossification center form

diaphysis

freely movable

diarthroses

Most synovial joints are functionally classified as _____

diarthrotic

During endochondral bone formation, the most likely location for a secondary ossification center is the

epiphysis

Epiphysis

expanded end of a long bone

The bone in the thigh is the ____

femur

*Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a(n) _______ joint

fibrous

Bones are classified as one of four types based on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of ___ bones

flat

The membranous areas in the sutures of infants are called ____

fontanels

sacral vertebrae

fused into a single bone or unit

a joint in which a hard object, such as a tooth, is held in a bone cavity is called a

gomphosis

Long bone

greater length than width

The elbow is an example of a _____ joint

hinge

What is bursitis?

inflammation of a bursa

The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification

intramembranous

What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?

irregular

The layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue are called ______.

lamellae

lumbar vertebrae

large,broad bodies with heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous processes

What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called

medullary cavity

The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the

nasal septum

the is a constriction between the body and head of a bone

neck

which of the following bones are part of the braincase or neurocranium

occipital ethmoid sphenoid

the appendicular skeleton is comprised of the

pectoral girdles pelvic girdle lower limbs upper limbs

Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix

osteoblasts

The removal of bone matrix is the function of the bone cells called

osteoclasts

The bones that serve as a place of attachment for the lower limbs, support the weight of the body, and protect internal organs is collectively the ____ girlde

pelvic

The bones of the fingers are called

phalanges

what is moving a body part posteriorly in transverse plane called

retraction

what bones are part of pectoral girdles

scapulae clavicles

Diaphysis

shaft of a long bone

bone tissue comprised of trabeculae is called __ bone

spongy

Non movable

synarthroses

Which are found in a joint capsule

synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

Which are found in a joint capsule?

synovial membrane and fibrous capsule

The most superior tarsal, which provides articulation with the leg, is the ___

talus

list the five classes of vertebrae

thoracic lumbar cervical sacral coccygeal

cervical vertebrae

three foramen present with bifid spinous processes

The weight-bearing bone of the lower leg is the

tibia

The two bones of the lower leg are the ____ and the ____

tibia and fibula

What is the medial bone of the forearm

ulna