Skeletal system
Periosteum
Connective tissue covering external portion of bone
Endosteum
Connective tissue lining of medullary cavity
synovial fluid is rich in which of the following?
Polysaccharides
The femur is the only bone of the
Thigh
The thin plates or rods of bony tissue that make up spongy bone are called
Trabeculae
the number of thoracic vertebrae is
12
Place the events in order as they occur in bone repair
1: bone is broken 2: boot clot(hematoma) forms 3: callus forms 4:callus ossifies 5:spongy bones remodel to compact bone
The typical number of bones in the adult skeleton is ___
206
An adult human has ___ pairs of "true" ribs
7
What is a brusa?
A sac filled with fluid that is located between muscles, tendon and bone
What are the functions of the menisco of the knee?
Absorb shock
What structures on the coxal bone represents the articulation points of the femur
Acetabulum
The"no" motion of the head is produced by rotation of the
Acis or C2 vertebra
Yellow bone marrow
Adipose tissue
Where is red bone marrow found in the bone of a child?
Almost all bones
Slightly movable
Amphiarthroses
What is a meniscus?
An incomplete, crescent-shaped fibrocartilage pad found in joints such as the knee and wrist
The cuboid,calaneous and navicular are all bones found in the
Ankle
Which joint is represented by the articulation of the tibia, fibula and talus
Ankle
The epiphyses of a long bone are covered by the
Articular cartilage
The specific name of the C1 vertebra is the ___
Atlas
The "yes" motion or tilting of the head is produced by the movement of the
Atlas or C,vertebra
What is the function of the radial tuberosity on the radius
Attachment of the biceps brachil muscle
What is the function of the epicondyles of the humerus
Attachment point for muscles of the forearm
The C2 or second cervical vertebra is also called the ______
Axis
The shoulder joint is an example of a(n) ____ joint, a class of synovial joints
Ball and sockets
Choses the parts of the sternum
Body Manubrium Xiphpid process
The osteoblasts deposit during intramembranous ossification
Bone matrix
The process of is important to change shapes of bones, adjust to bone stress,replace old bone matrix, and to facilitate repair of broken bone
Bone remodeling
Callus formation occurs during
Bone repair
Muscles act on _______ to produce movement
Bones
The narrow channels that extend across the matrix and connect neighboring lacunae are called
Canaliculi
The wrist is composed of eight ____ bones arranged into two rows
Carpal
Joints that are joined together by cartilage are called _____ joints
Cartilaginous
What are menisci?
Cartilaginous pieces that absorb shocks and stabilize joints
The three types of vertebrae of the vertebral column from C1-L5 are the ____,_____, and lumbar vertebrae
Cervical Thoracic
Irregular bone
Complex shapes that do not regularly fit into other categories
The medial and lateral ___ are two smooth, rounded joint surfaces at the distal end of the femur
Condyles
The anterior lip of the trochlear notch is formed by the _____ process
Coronoid
What is the function of bursae?
Cushion between structures
The styloid process is located at the ___ end of the ulna
Distal
The radiocarpal joint at the wrist is a(n) ____ joint
Ellipsoid
The _____ is the layer of thin connective tissue lining internal surfaces of a bone
Endosteum
In endochondral bone formation, secondary centers for ossification appear in the regions of a long bone called the
Epiphyses
What movements are allowed to some extent at the knee joint
Extension and flexion
True or false: the bone responsible for the breakdown of bone tissue are called osteocytes
False
True or false: the primary functions of the skeletal system include support,protection, movement,storage and fat production
False
The condyles at the proximal end of the tibia articulate with the___ bone
Femur
Name the outer layer of a synovial joint capsule
Fibrous part of the joint capsule
Which of the following bones does not articulate with the femur
Fibula
Which structure allows flexibility of the skull during birth and accommodates the growth of the head?
Fontanels
The floor of the nasal cavity is composed of parts of the palatine and maxillary bones and is called the
Hard palate
Identify the correct descriptions of fibrous joints
Having
Identify the components of the upper limb
Head arm forearm wrist
What bone is composed of the fused ilium, ischium, and pubis?
Hip bone
medullary cavity
Hollow center of the shaft
The classification of a joint as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial describes _____
How the bone ends are held together within the joint
endochondral ossification is the process of bone formation from a model of ___ cartilage
Hyaline
Which of the following makes up the mineral component of the bone?
Hydroxyapatite
The bone in the neck that does not articulate with any other bone is the ____
Hyoid
What structure on the lumbar vertebrae are responsible for "locking" adjacent vertebrae to increase stability and limit rotation
Inferior articular facets Superior articular facets
The movement of the foot that turns the plantar surface of the foot medically is called ____
Inversion
Choose the bones that fuse to form the hip(coxal) bones
Ischium Publs Llium
Choose the bones that fuse to form the hip bones
Ischium pubis llium
A point where two bones meet is called a(n) ____
Joint
The hollow space in which an osteocytes resides is called a(n)
Lacunae
What is the calcaneus?
Largest tarsal bone that forms the heel
Turning the arm inward or outward at the shoulder is referred to as ____
Lateral and medial rotation
The major arches of the foot include
Longitudinal arches and transverse arch
Which of the following is not found in the distal row of carpal bones
Lunate
The anterior two-thirds of the hard palate is formed by the ____ and the posterior-third of the hard palate is formed by the ___ bones
Maxillae and palatine
Bone of the palm are called
Metacarpals
Gomphosis joints are only found in the ____
Mouth
What is eversion?
Movement of foot so that the plantar surface turns laterally
What is dorsiflexion?
Movement of foot upwards toward the shin as occurs when walking on your heels
What is pronation?
Movement of the forearm that turns the palm posteriorly or downward
What is abduction?
Moving body part in frontal plane away from the midline of the body
Which would not be considered a function of skeletal system
Nerve attachment
If a person is flexing and extending their head anterior and posterior to the coronal plane, what movement are they doing?
Nodding head ("yes")
The prominent process on the proximal end of the ulna that forms the point of the elbow is the _____ process
Olecranon
Circumduction is a motion is which _____
One end of an appendage is stationary while the other makes a circular motion
The term which describes the entire process of bone formation is
Ossification
When bone cells found within lacunae are surrounded by bone matrix they are called
Osteocytes
A(n) ____ or Haversian system, consists of a central canal and all the concentric lamellae that surround it
Osteon
Several of the bones associated with the nasal cavity have large,air-fillied cavities within them called the
Paranasal sinuses
Identify the bone that is located within a major tendon of the anterior thigh muscles and enables the tendon to bend over the knee
Patella
The pelvis includes all of the bones of the _____ girdle and the ____
Pelvic and coccyx
The connective tissue sheath covering the external surface of a bone is called the
Periosteum
The dense connective tissue covering the majority of the external surface of a bone is called the
Periosteum
The dense connective tissue covering the majority of the external surface of above is called the
Periosteum
A joint allowing rotation of one bone within a bony ring or ligament of another bone is a(n) _____ joint
Pivot
A _____ joint is a synovial joint in which the bone surfaces are flat or nearly flat
Plane
The movement of the foot toward the plantar surface as occurs when jumping is called _____
Plantar flexion
The functions of the skeletal system
Production of blood cells and platelets Protection of organs Providing a framework that helps maintain the body's shape Acting as storage area for calcium in the body To enable normal movement
The bones of the forearm include the _____ and the ______
Radius and ulna
epiphyseal plate
Region of long bone that allows for growth
Flat bone
Relatively thin and usually have a curve
Which of the following is not a step in the repair and healing of a broken bone
Remodeling of compact bone to spongy bone
Choose the components of the rib cage
Ribs Thoracic vertebrae Sternum
Which bones are included in the pelvic girdle?
Right and left coxal bones
What bones forms the pelvis
Right and left coxal bones Coccyx Sacrum
A movement in which a bone turns on its longitudinal axis is called ____
Rotation
The ____ joint is the articulation between the hip bone and the sacrum
Sacroiliac
The bones that forms the posterior wall of the pelvic cavity is the ____
Sacrum
The verebral column includes the cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae in addition to the ___ and the ____
Sacrum and coccyx
The joint at the base of the thumb(trapziometacarpal joint) belongs to what class of synovial joints?
Saddle
Bone such as the carpals that have the same length and width are classified as bones
Short
Red bone marrow
Site of production of blood cells and platelets
On a vertebra, the ___ process is a projection extending posteriorly and downward from the vertebral arch
Spinous
Which of the following is a pivot joint
The axis-Atlas joint
A movement of the forearm that turns the play forward or upward is called _____
Supination
Synarthrotic fibrous joints between the bones of the skull are called
Sutures
Flexion,extension,protraction and eversion are all examples of movements allowed by what general type of joints?
Synovial
In which type of joints are the bones separated by a narrow, fluid-filled, encapsulated space?
Synovial
The fluid that allows for considerable movement between bones of synovial joints is _____ fluid
Synovial
What is hydroxyapatite?
The mineral component of the bone
What is extension?
The movement that moves a joint posterior from the coronal plane
The phalanges of the lower limb are the bones of the
Toes
On a vertebra, the process that extends laterally from the point where the lamina and pedicle meet is called ______ process
Transverse
Which of the following is not carpal bone found in the proximal row
Trapezoid
The ____ ____ is a deep a C-shaped surface at the proximal end of the ulna that wraps around the trochlea of the humerus
Trochlea notch
The __ ribs each have costal cartilage anchoring then to the sternum
True
True or false: bones lengthen through endochondral ossification and in width through appositional growth
True
True or false: the skeletal system is the framework that helps maintain the body's shape and enables us to move normally
True
True or false: the type of bone tissue at the surface of bones is called compact bone
True
The public symhyisis is the site of articulation between the _____
Two coxal bones anteriorly
Short bone
Width approximately equal to length
What is yellow bone marrow?
adipose tissue
Which type of bone growth occurs within mature bone and results in the bone becoming thicker?
appositional growth
What type of cartilage is found at the ends of bones?
articular cartilage
thoracic vertebrae
articular facets present on transverse processes and body
What is the function of red bone marrow?
blood cell production
What are the spaces between trabeculae in spongy bone filled with?
bone marrow
an increased blood calcium level stimulates the release of
calcitonin
The channel extending through the center of an osteon is called a __________ canal.
central
the ___ is a bone made up of four or five small fused vertebrae; it is the terminal inferior end of the vertebral column
coccyx
Bone tissue comprised of osteons( Haversian systems) is called ___ bone
compact
During endochondral ossification,where does the primary ossification center form
diaphysis
freely movable
diarthroses
Most synovial joints are functionally classified as _____
diarthrotic
During endochondral bone formation, the most likely location for a secondary ossification center is the
epiphysis
Epiphysis
expanded end of a long bone
The bone in the thigh is the ____
femur
*Any joint consisting of two bones joined by dense regular connective tissue without a joint cavity would be classified as a(n) _______ joint
fibrous
Bones are classified as one of four types based on their shape. The bones of the cranium are examples of ___ bones
flat
The membranous areas in the sutures of infants are called ____
fontanels
sacral vertebrae
fused into a single bone or unit
a joint in which a hard object, such as a tooth, is held in a bone cavity is called a
gomphosis
Long bone
greater length than width
The elbow is an example of a _____ joint
hinge
What is bursitis?
inflammation of a bursa
The bones of the skull form by which type of ossification
intramembranous
What bone shape are vertebrae classified as?
irregular
The layers of bony matrix in compact bone tissue are called ______.
lamellae
lumbar vertebrae
large,broad bodies with heavy, rectangular transverse and spinous processes
What is the hollow space within the diaphysis of a long bone called
medullary cavity
The nasal cavity is divided into right and left halves by the
nasal septum
the is a constriction between the body and head of a bone
neck
which of the following bones are part of the braincase or neurocranium
occipital ethmoid sphenoid
the appendicular skeleton is comprised of the
pectoral girdles pelvic girdle lower limbs upper limbs
Which bone cells produce the soft organic bone matrix
osteoblasts
The removal of bone matrix is the function of the bone cells called
osteoclasts
The bones that serve as a place of attachment for the lower limbs, support the weight of the body, and protect internal organs is collectively the ____ girlde
pelvic
The bones of the fingers are called
phalanges
what is moving a body part posteriorly in transverse plane called
retraction
what bones are part of pectoral girdles
scapulae clavicles
Diaphysis
shaft of a long bone
bone tissue comprised of trabeculae is called __ bone
spongy
Non movable
synarthroses
Which are found in a joint capsule
synovial membrane and fibrous capsule
Which are found in a joint capsule?
synovial membrane and fibrous capsule
The most superior tarsal, which provides articulation with the leg, is the ___
talus
list the five classes of vertebrae
thoracic lumbar cervical sacral coccygeal
cervical vertebrae
three foramen present with bifid spinous processes
The weight-bearing bone of the lower leg is the
tibia
The two bones of the lower leg are the ____ and the ____
tibia and fibula
What is the medial bone of the forearm
ulna
