Ch. 27 Group 4
Why is it more likely for an older person to become dehydrated?
All of the the listed choices are correct.
As a result of the aging process, the ability to regulate pH through renal compensation changes due to __________.
a reduction in the number of functional nephrons
The elderly have an increased risk of respiratory acidosis because of __________.
a reduction in vital capacity
When a normal pulmonary response does NOT reverse respiratory acidosis, the kidneys respond by __________.
increasing the rate of hydrogen ion secretion into the tubular fluid
A loss of bicarbonate ions can lead to ____________________.
metabolic acidosis
Chronic diarrhea causes a severe loss of bicarbonate ions, resulting in __________.
metabolic acidosis
A loss of H+ or a gain in HCO3- can lead to _________.
metabolic alkalosis
Prolonged vomiting and loss of stomach acid causes __________.
metabolic alkalosis
A effects of both respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis are especially serious in cases of ________.
near drowning
A metabolic alkalosis can be due to __________.
prolonged vomiting
Hypercapnia, or an elevation of carbon dioxide in the blood, is a sign of __________.
respiratory acidosis
A mismatch between carbon dioxide generation in peripheral tissues and carbon dioxide excretion at the lungs is a __________.
respiratory acid−base disorder
Hyperventilation causes __________.
respiratory alkalosis
Ketone bodies accumulate in the blood during are associated with __________.
starvation
Which of the following is NOT a response in the regulation of acute respiratory acidosis?
HCO3- ions are secreted into the urine.
The major causes of metabolic acidosis include all of the following except?
Hypercapnia
Which of the following might be a response to respiratory acidosis?
Increased respiratory rate
The loss of mineral content with age is frequently due to what cause?
Loss of muscle and bone mass
In which of the following would water represent the highest percentage of body weight?
Male infant
Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.32; PCO2 38; HCO3- 20 mEq/L
Metabolic acidosis
A patient presents with a blood pH of 7.5, a PCO2 of 32, and a normal HCO3-. What is the likely cause of this patient's abnormal lab values?
Panic attacks causing acute respiratory alkalosis
Which of the following descriptions is correct?
Respiratory acid-base disorders result from a mismatch between CO2 generation in peripheral tissues and CO2 excretion by the lungs.
Given the following data, what would be your diagnosis for this patient? Data: pH 7.3; pCO2 51 mm Hg.; HCO3- 31 mEq/L
Respiratory acidosis
Which of the following is NOT a response during the regulation of metabolic alkalosis?
The respiratory rate is increased.
Under normal circumstances, during respiratory acidosis the chemoreceptors monitoring the PCO2 of the plasma and CSF will eliminate the problem by calling for __________.
an increase in pulmonary ventilation rates
