Quiz 1-Physiology

Amino acids are carried to the ribosomes to be incorporated into polypeptide chains by _________________________.

tRNA

Which of the following statements best applies to saturation? Molecules are moved by the use of vesicles. The energy required to move molecules results from a high-energy bond. A group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate. A preference of a carrier protein for a substance is demonstrated based on the differing affinities of the carrier for the substrates. A carrier molecule has the ability to transport only one molecule or a group of closely related molecules.

A group of carrier proteins is operating at its maximum rate.

Which of the following are considered differences between endocrine and neural control systems? specificity nature of the signal speed duration of action All of the answers are correct.

All of the answers are correct.

Which of the following best describes an "integrating center." It's the disturbance or change that sets the pathway in motion. It's an electrical and/or chemical signal that travels to the effector. It evaluates incoming signals and compares them with the setpoint. It's the minimum stimulus that must be achieved to set the reflect response in motion

It evaluates incoming signals and compares them with the setpoint.

Which of the following statements best describes cholesterol? It's a precursor to steroid hormones. It's a structural component of cell membranes. It's a dangerous fat that is absent from a healthy body. It's a precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes

It's a precursor to steroid hormones and a structural component of cell membranes

A placebo is any drug being tested in a clinical trial. any drug in a class of drugs commonly used as pain relievers. a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect. a nutritive and respiratory organ in fetal development.

a drug or treatment that is expected to have no pharmacological effect.

In the structure of the enzyme, an allosteric modulator binds to the active site. a region of the enzyme other than the active site. the substrate. the product. the surrounding tissue.

a region of the enzyme other than the active site.

If a substance has a pH that is less than 7, it is considered neutral. acidic. alkaline. a buffer. a salt.

acidic

The most important energy-transferring compound in cells is a nucleotide known as glucose. fructose. protein. adenosine triphosphate. deoxyribonucleic acid.

adenosine triphosphate

can be cell-matrix junctions

anchoring junction

their loss is characteristic of cancer

anchoring junction

During the synthesis of proteins, amino acids are assembled in the proper sequence because the tRNA molecules that bring them to the ribosome have a(n) ____________________ that is complementary to a specific codon in the mRNA.

anticodon

An ion widely important in intracellular signaling is sodium. potassium. calcium. chloride. cobalt.

calcium

Essential amino acids that are used to build proteins exist in twenty six different configurations. are linked together by ionic chemical bonds in proteins. can be used medically for both diagnosis and treatment of diseases. can be derived from the foods we eat and digest. can only be made by cells within our bodies.

can be derived from the foods we eat and digest

Atoms in a covalent molecule share electrons in single pairs. share electrons in double pairs. share electrons in triple pairs. share electrons singly, never in pairs. can share electrons in single pairs, double pairs, or triple pairs.

can share electrons in single pairs, double pairs, or triple pairs.

When an enzyme's activity is destroyed by heat or a change in pH, the enzyme is said to be broken. toxic. conjugated. tertiary. denatured.

denatured

Which of the following is closely related to pinocytosis? endocytosis. exocytosis. phagocytosis. endocytosis and exocytosis. exocytosis and phagocytosis.

endocytosis.

Which type of tissue below has the most rapid turnover? epithelial connective neural only muscle only

epithelial

The means by which a cell transports large molecules out of the cell is called _____________________.

exocytosis

a cytoplasmic bridge

gap junction

It modifies proteins and packages them into secretory vesicles for export from the cell.

golgi apparatus

You conduct an experiment on twenty 18-year-old male subjects to see how various intensities of exercise influence heart rate. Which of the following is/are considered a dependent variable? age of subjects sex of subjects intensity of exercise heart rate

heart rate

Which of the following elements form polar covalent bonds? carbon and hydrogen carbon and carbon sodium and chlorine hydrogen and oxygen hydrogen and hydrogen

hydrogen and oxygen

An enzyme that transfers phosphates from ATP to a substrate molecule is a hydrolase. lipase. transferase. ligase. kinase.

kinase

Enzymes participating in a reaction increase the rate by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. increasing the free energy in the products. raising the activation energy of a reaction. converting an endergonic reaction to an exergonic reaction.

lowering the activation energy of a reaction.

It is the digestive system of a cell, degrading and/or recycling bacterial or organic components.

lysosomes

The "powerhouse" of the cell, ATP is produced here.

mitochondria

Nucleic acids are polymers of units called amino acids. fatty acids. bases. ribose. nucleotides.

nucleotides.

These degrade long chain fatty acids and toxic foreign molecules.

peroxisome

What are the two extracellular fluid compartments in the body? intracellular and plasma plasma and interstitial interstitial and intracellular plasma and the fluid portion of the blood None of the answers are correct.

plasma and interstitial

Fick's law of diffusion states that the rate of diffusion across a membrane is proportional to surface area and membrane thickness, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient. proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability. proportional to membrane permeability, but inversely proportional to concentration gradient and surface area. proportional to membrane thickness and surface area. No answer text provided.

proportional to concentration gradient, surface area, and membrane permeability.

All of the following are types of mediated transport EXCEPT one. Identify the exception. facilitated diffusion primary active transport simple diffusion secondary active transport

simple diffusion

RNA is usually ____________ stranded.

single

contributes to the blood-brain barrier

tight junction

mRNA is created in a process called____. It then leaves the___ and enters the cytosol to direct___, the assembly of amino acids into protein.

transcription, nucleus, translation