Quiz 1: The Older Adult & Aging Well
How many stages of old age according to Lewis?
4 stages
According to Havinghurst how many developmental tasks associated with "later maturity" are there?
6 developmental taks
What are some techniques for communicating?
Active listening Give choices Problem solve together Be consistent Educate
What is stage 1 of old age?
Ages 50-65, pre-retirement: when a person begins to start planning for leisure pursuits and may assume new roles associated with getting older such as grandparent, taking care of older parent
What is the young-old?
Ages 65-74. More vigorous with less health concerns
What is the old-old?
Ages 75+, largest consumers of healthcare
What percentage live in their homes or with family?
42%
What percentage live in nursing homes?
5%
What is the leading cause of injury related death in the older adult?
Falls
What is the 4th developmental task?
developing an affiliation with own age group
obesity is linked to what health conditions?
diabetes CVD Hypertension High cholesterol PVD Joint pain, arthritis
What is the 5th developmental task?
flexibility with adapting to new social role
What is disuse syndrome?
"Don't use it you lose it" leads to decreased physical and cognitive abilites
What is the OT implication for medications?
Clients functional capacity can be altered by medications, observe changes and report to nurse or doctor any changes in patient changes from medication
What is the OT Assestment in fall prevention programs?
Cognition, motor function, sensory function, and home environement
What do falls lead to?
Decreased mobility and fear
What are some chronic illnesses the older adult may have?
Diabetes hypotension CHF COPD Arthritis CVA PVD Dementia Depression
What is the primary prevention of OT for health promotion?
Education and health promotion stragties aimed at avoiding the onset of unhealthy conditions, diseases or injuries. Involves indentifying and eliminating risk factors such as: fall prevention, occupational balance, exercise regimene
What is the main role of the OTP in wellness promotion programs or healthy lifestyle programs?
Encouraging exploration of health-promoting activites Education of clients and caregivers
What is the 6th developmental task?
Establishing satisfactory physical living arrangements
What are the 2 stages representing middle to mature adulthood according to Erik Erikson?
Generativity vs. stagnation Egointegrity vs. Dispair
What are some common age related changes?
Heart funcition Bones Endocrine function: metabolism slows down, decreased estrogen and testosterone, decreased use of glucose Nervous system: sensory receptors Muscle mass Vision: visual acuity Sleep Sexual function
What is risks are restraint use associated with?
Increased agitaiton and disorientation reduced self-esteem increased injuries effects of immobility: skin breakdown, decreased circulation, joint stiffness
What is medicaid?
Medical coverage for low income groups and under age 65 with disability. Can also cover extended stay at nursing homes
What are the risk factors for falls in the elderly?
Mental status changes: confusion Medical factors: acute illness, UTI Sensory changes: vision, neurpathy Enviornmental factors: stairs, clutter, poor lighting History of falls: clients are at risk for falls if previous falls occured
Health lifestyle education inlcudes?
Nutrition Exercise & rest Good relationships with others/social Life participation through purposeful activites
What are the 3 occupational based health risk factors?
Occupational imbalance Occupational deprivation Occupational alienation
What are 2 types of restraints?
Physical restraints: wrist cuffs, vest, mittens, seatbelts, lap trays Chemical restraints: anti anxiety, sedatives, pain meds
What is teritary prevention?
Preventing the further progression of a condition, prevent further disablity
What is the OT intervention for fall prevention?
Remediate deficits Teach compensatory strategies: modified techniques, safety awareness, energy conservation Adaptive equipment: bath, dressing, functional mobility Mobility devices: walkers, wheel chairs, canes Home Modifications: increase lighting, hand rails, declutter
What are alternatives to restraints?
Restorative programs: remediate underlying problem, ADL, balance: tailored made to client Maintenance programs: maintain highest level of function: general Enhanced enviroments: familar and comforting, decrease clutter, increase lighting Staff aproaches: whole team observes the client to find why they are agitated, time of day, change cirmcumstannces
What is pharmacokinetics?
Study of what happens to a drug after it is ingested absorption rate, interaction with other drugs, by product
What is the biggest factor affecting how a person experineces their old age?
Their health
What is occupational deprivation?
When conditions such as lack of transportation, poverty, time, limit a persons occupational choice or oppurtunity
What is the 3rd developmental task?
adjustment to death of a spouse
What is the 1st developmental task?
adjustment to decreased strength and health
What is the 2nd developmental task?
adjustment to retirement and decreased income
What is Egointegrity vs. Dispair?
ages 65+, evaluating life and accomplishments, May start to make a "bucket list"
What is stage 2 of old age?
ages 65-74, increased health issues and experience grief
What is stage 4 of old age?
ages 85+ increased dependence on others may require institutional living or with family
What is Part A?
covers inpatient hopsital and SNIF stays
What is secondary prevention?
education and treatment of people who already have the early stages of a condition in order to prevent progression of symptoms leading to a disablity or functional limitation
The OTP must be aware of what factors that impact eating and poor nutrition?
finaces teeth fear of choking medication forgetfullenss pain depression decreased vision
A sedentary lifestyle places the senior at an increased health risk which may lead to?
increased falls decreased functional mobility increased isolation increased depression respriatory illness decreased endurance decreased motivation for ADL's
What is occupational alienation?
lack of satisfaction in ones occupations. Tasks perceived as boring or meaningless
What is stage 3 of old age?
may no longer be able to live alone, ages 75-84
What is medicare?
medical coverage for people over age 65, Two parts: Part A and Part B
What are some lifestyle changes?
nutrition exercises stress management safety awarness medication mangement leisure exploration social participation diabetic foot care
What is Generativity vs. stagnation?
occur anywhere between ages 35-65 "Mid-life" crisis
What is Part B?
office visits, outpatient services, testing
Health and well being both physical and mental are directly linked to the Elder's ability to?
particiapte in meaningful occupations. Occupations promote health and prevent functional loss caused by disesase
What is the OT's role in restraint reduction?
positioning, transfer training, client boredom, agitated due to sensory seeking behavior, need for social interaction
What is the OTP's use of therapeutic occupations aimed at?
promote fullness of life maintain enthusiasm in living
What are some life changes many elders adapt to as they age?
retirement loss of friend/spouse moving financial circumstances decreased driving-limited mobility increased health concerns
What does the term elderly refer to?
those over the age of 65. This population varies greatly in terms of occupational roles fulfilled and overall functional level
How can the OTP facilitate in these changes?
to teach coping strategies/adaptive response
What is polypharmacy?
using multiple meds at the same time
what interventions might the OTP focus on with elderly patients who are overweight?
weekly menu planning establish rituals stress management food shopping social groups for support meal prep
What is occupational imbalance?
when people engage in too much of the same type of activity. There should be a balance between rest, work, self care, leisure, socialization