Quiz 2

If a person cuts their daily caloric intake by 500 Kcal, how long will it take to lose 1 pound?

1 week

What is the net yield of ATP and NADH produced by glycolysis of one glucose molecule?

2 ATP and 2 NADH

The daily values appearing on food labels are based on a ______ kilocalorie reference diet.

2000

Each NADH molecule fed into the electron transport chain produces approximately _______ ATPs.

3

If oxygen is present, what is the net yield of ATP produced by the oxidation of one molecule of glucose?

36

One gram of carbohydrate, one gram of lipid, and one gram of protein yield _______, _______, and __________ kilocalories respectively.

4, 9, 4

During the steps of glycolysis, _______ ATPs, _______ NADHs, and ________ molecules of pyruvate are produced.

4; 2; 2;

The energy currency of the cell is a molecule called _______.

ATP

Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of what?

ATP hydrolysis

The inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein _______, which harnesses the energy created by H+ flow to produce ATP by a process called _______.

ATP synthase; the chemiosmotic mechanism

When is NAD+ reduced to NADH?

After cleavage of sugar

Eicosanoids are involved in __________.

All of the choices are correct (blood clotting, tissue repair, inflammation)

Total energy expenditure is estimated from

All of the choices are correct (physical activity, basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food)

Excess triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue. Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?

All of the choices are correct. (padding and protection, energy storage, to assist the body in temperature homeostasis)

Nutrition includes the study of

All these choices are correct (the nutrients in foods, the body's utilization of nutrients, how nutrients play a role in your body's health)

Which of the following statements concerning metabolic reactions is true?

Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids.

The production of protein by cells is an example of ____________.

Anabolism

Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs when fatty acids are used to generate ATP?

Beta oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain.

What is the measurement of the energy content of food?

Calories

Fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in large doses because they

Can be stored and accumulate in body tissue

Which of the following are macronutrients?

Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water

Which of the following is a final product of aerobic respiration?

Carbon dioxide

Which of the following statements regarding cellulose is true?

Cellulose provides fiber or "roughage"

Which of the following minerals is important in acid-base balance?

Chlorine

Which of the following statements concerning the electron-transport chain is true?

Electrons pass from one electron carrier to another in the electron transport chain.

Which of the following will increase metabolic rate?

Exercise

Which of the following does not contribute to basal metabolism?

Exercise programs

Which of the following is an example of convection?

Exposure of the body to cold air

Both glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of catabolic reactions.

False

The body synthesizes nonessential amino acids in a process called oxidative deamination.

False

Which of the following vitamins is mismatched with its function?

Folate-synthesis of clotting factors

The process that uses amino acids and glycerol to form glucose is ___________.

Gluconeogenesis

Why is it important that glucose be converted to glucose-6-phosphate once glucose enters a cell?

Glucose can't diffuse out of the cell if it is in this form

Which of the following events takes place during the absorptive state?

Glucose is converted into energy, glycogen, or lipids

Excess glucose in animals is stored as ________.

Glycogen

There is a need for glucose in the body. Which of the following reactions will yield glucose directly?

Glycogenolysis

Which of the following is an example of catabolism?

Glycolysis

Which atom is a major player in the production of energy from nutrient molecules?

Hydrogen

The portion of the brain that regulates body temperature is the ________.

Hypothalamus

Where is most protein in the body found?

In the muscular system

Which of the following is true concerning oxygen in regards to aerobic respiration?

It is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

Excessive bleeding due to slowed blood clotting is a symptom of vitamin _________ deficiency.

K

With uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the increased lipid metabolism will cause an increase in ______ formation.

Ketone bodies

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?

Linoleic acid

The events that occur in the postabsorptive state collectively _______.

Maintain blood glucose levels

The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as _________.

Metabolism

Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as _________.

Monosaccharides

Which type of reactions are involved in ATP production?

Oxidation-reduction reactions

Which process prepares glutamic acid for use in energy production?

Oxidative deamination

What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?

Oxygen

Which of the following steps in glycolysis occurs last?

Production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid

Which of the following recommendations regarding daily requirements is correct?

Protein consumption should be 10-35% of total kilocalorie intake.

Functions of proteins include

Providing structural strength in connective tissue.

In which of these cells would you expect the ATP concentration to be the highest?

Resting cells

which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?

Serving as cofactors for enzymes

Each complex in the electron transport chain collectively acts as a _____ pump that removes H+ from the mitochondrial matrix and pumps it into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.

Sodium-potassium

A series of metabolic reactions in the liver that converts lactic acid into glucose is called __________

The Cori Cycle

During periods of fasting, why is fat said to have a protein-sparing effect?

The body does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.

Which of the following does not explain why people on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly over time?

The initial weight loss is mostly fat.

Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is true?

The primary role of carbohydrates is to serve as an energy source.

A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a __________.

Triglyceride

Most of the lipids in the body are stored in what form?

Triglycerides

Which of the following events occur when the environmental temperature is considerably lower than body temperature?

Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin

Francis has a wound on his left arm that is not healing. His physician has diagnosed him with vitamin deficiency. Which vitamin should Francis increase in his diet?

Vitamin C

Which of the following is an example of a water-soluble vitamin?

Vitamin C

Which class of nutrients do we require the least of?

Vitamins

Which of the following groups has the highest basal metabolic rate?

Young, active males

The MyPlate icon suggest that

Your diet should contain a variety of foods, with a large portion being vegetables.

Which of the following minerals is matched with its function?

Zinc- hemoglobin synthesis

Proteins that function in immunity include _________.

antibodies

Phospholipids

are found in plasma membranes

Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called _________

beta oxidation

Cholesterol

can be manufactured by most tissues

Starches and sugars are examples of _______.

carbohydrates

The digestion of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides is an example of __________.

catabolism

What process produces most of the NADH that contributes to ATP synthesis in the cell?

citric acid cycle

Where does glycolysis take place?

cytoplasm of the cell

If your daily diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the result might be

decrease of muscle mass

Polyunsaturated vegetable oils can be changed from liquids to solids by

decreasing the number of double covalent bonds in their fatty acids.

The BMR (basal metabolic rate) can increase

during pregnancy

A kilocalorie (kcal) is a measure of the

energy content of food

Metabolic rate is the total amount of

energy produced and used by the body per unit of time

The presence of Ketone bodies in the urine indicates increased metabolism of ___________.

fatty acids

If energy intake is greater than energy output, an individual will tend to

gain weight

Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of

glucose to two molecules of pyruvate

The most common monosaccharides in the diet are ______ and _______.

glucose; fructose

If an increase in blood temperature were detected, one would probably observe

increases sweat production

Transamination

involves removing an amine group from an amino acid

When glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, one of the end products is _______.

lactate

The transformation of Acetyl-CoA to free fatty acids is a process called _____.

liipogenesis

The formation of triglycerides is called

lipogenesis

Which of the following organs can store glycogen?

liver and muscles

Olive oils and peanut oils are both examples of _______.

monounsaturated fats

An amino acid

must be supplied in the diet

In the first step of the citric acid cycle, _______ acid combines with acetyl-CoA to produce citric acid.

oxaloacetic

The citric acid cycle begins by combining

oxaloacetic acid and acetyl-CoA to form citric acid

The yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is usually lower than the theoretical 36 molecules due to all the following, except

production of lactate

Activity at the electron transport chain

results in the formation of ATP

Complex carbohydrates include

starch, glycogen, cellulose

About 95% of the lipids in the human diet are ________.

triglycerides