Quiz 2
If a person cuts their daily caloric intake by 500 Kcal, how long will it take to lose 1 pound?
1 week
What is the net yield of ATP and NADH produced by glycolysis of one glucose molecule?
2 ATP and 2 NADH
The daily values appearing on food labels are based on a ______ kilocalorie reference diet.
2000
Each NADH molecule fed into the electron transport chain produces approximately _______ ATPs.
3
If oxygen is present, what is the net yield of ATP produced by the oxidation of one molecule of glucose?
36
One gram of carbohydrate, one gram of lipid, and one gram of protein yield _______, _______, and __________ kilocalories respectively.
4, 9, 4
During the steps of glycolysis, _______ ATPs, _______ NADHs, and ________ molecules of pyruvate are produced.
4; 2; 2;
The energy currency of the cell is a molecule called _______.
ATP
Shivering warms the body because it increases the rate of what?
ATP hydrolysis
The inner membrane of a mitochondrion contains the protein _______, which harnesses the energy created by H+ flow to produce ATP by a process called _______.
ATP synthase; the chemiosmotic mechanism
When is NAD+ reduced to NADH?
After cleavage of sugar
Eicosanoids are involved in __________.
All of the choices are correct (blood clotting, tissue repair, inflammation)
Total energy expenditure is estimated from
All of the choices are correct (physical activity, basal metabolic rate, thermic effect of food)
Excess triglycerides are stored in adipose tissue. Which of the following is a function of adipose tissue?
All of the choices are correct. (padding and protection, energy storage, to assist the body in temperature homeostasis)
Nutrition includes the study of
All these choices are correct (the nutrients in foods, the body's utilization of nutrients, how nutrients play a role in your body's health)
Which of the following statements concerning metabolic reactions is true?
Anabolic reactions are involved in the production of proteins from amino acids.
The production of protein by cells is an example of ____________.
Anabolism
Which of the following is the correct sequence of events that occurs when fatty acids are used to generate ATP?
Beta oxidation, citric acid cycle, electron transport chain.
What is the measurement of the energy content of food?
Calories
Fat soluble vitamins can be toxic in large doses because they
Can be stored and accumulate in body tissue
Which of the following are macronutrients?
Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and water
Which of the following is a final product of aerobic respiration?
Carbon dioxide
Which of the following statements regarding cellulose is true?
Cellulose provides fiber or "roughage"
Which of the following minerals is important in acid-base balance?
Chlorine
Which of the following statements concerning the electron-transport chain is true?
Electrons pass from one electron carrier to another in the electron transport chain.
Which of the following will increase metabolic rate?
Exercise
Which of the following does not contribute to basal metabolism?
Exercise programs
Which of the following is an example of convection?
Exposure of the body to cold air
Both glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis are examples of catabolic reactions.
False
The body synthesizes nonessential amino acids in a process called oxidative deamination.
False
Which of the following vitamins is mismatched with its function?
Folate-synthesis of clotting factors
The process that uses amino acids and glycerol to form glucose is ___________.
Gluconeogenesis
Why is it important that glucose be converted to glucose-6-phosphate once glucose enters a cell?
Glucose can't diffuse out of the cell if it is in this form
Which of the following events takes place during the absorptive state?
Glucose is converted into energy, glycogen, or lipids
Excess glucose in animals is stored as ________.
Glycogen
There is a need for glucose in the body. Which of the following reactions will yield glucose directly?
Glycogenolysis
Which of the following is an example of catabolism?
Glycolysis
Which atom is a major player in the production of energy from nutrient molecules?
Hydrogen
The portion of the brain that regulates body temperature is the ________.
Hypothalamus
Where is most protein in the body found?
In the muscular system
Which of the following is true concerning oxygen in regards to aerobic respiration?
It is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
Excessive bleeding due to slowed blood clotting is a symptom of vitamin _________ deficiency.
K
With uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, the increased lipid metabolism will cause an increase in ______ formation.
Ketone bodies
Which of the following is an essential fatty acid?
Linoleic acid
The events that occur in the postabsorptive state collectively _______.
Maintain blood glucose levels
The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in the body is known as _________.
Metabolism
Carbohydrates are absorbed into the blood as _________.
Monosaccharides
Which type of reactions are involved in ATP production?
Oxidation-reduction reactions
Which process prepares glutamic acid for use in energy production?
Oxidative deamination
What is the final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain?
Oxygen
Which of the following steps in glycolysis occurs last?
Production of ATP from phosphoenolpyruvic acid
Which of the following recommendations regarding daily requirements is correct?
Protein consumption should be 10-35% of total kilocalorie intake.
Functions of proteins include
Providing structural strength in connective tissue.
In which of these cells would you expect the ATP concentration to be the highest?
Resting cells
which of the following is not a function of proteins in the body?
Serving as cofactors for enzymes
Each complex in the electron transport chain collectively acts as a _____ pump that removes H+ from the mitochondrial matrix and pumps it into the space between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes.
Sodium-potassium
A series of metabolic reactions in the liver that converts lactic acid into glucose is called __________
The Cori Cycle
During periods of fasting, why is fat said to have a protein-sparing effect?
The body does not oxidize its proteins unless it has consumed its fat reserves first.
Which of the following does not explain why people on weight-loss diets often lose weight quickly at first, but then more slowly over time?
The initial weight loss is mostly fat.
Which of the following statements concerning carbohydrates is true?
The primary role of carbohydrates is to serve as an energy source.
A compound composed of three fatty acids attached to a glycerol molecule would be a __________.
Triglyceride
Most of the lipids in the body are stored in what form?
Triglycerides
Which of the following events occur when the environmental temperature is considerably lower than body temperature?
Vasoconstriction of the blood vessels of the skin
Francis has a wound on his left arm that is not healing. His physician has diagnosed him with vitamin deficiency. Which vitamin should Francis increase in his diet?
Vitamin C
Which of the following is an example of a water-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin C
Which class of nutrients do we require the least of?
Vitamins
Which of the following groups has the highest basal metabolic rate?
Young, active males
The MyPlate icon suggest that
Your diet should contain a variety of foods, with a large portion being vegetables.
Which of the following minerals is matched with its function?
Zinc- hemoglobin synthesis
Proteins that function in immunity include _________.
antibodies
Phospholipids
are found in plasma membranes
Fatty acids are catabolized in a process called _________
beta oxidation
Cholesterol
can be manufactured by most tissues
Starches and sugars are examples of _______.
carbohydrates
The digestion of complex carbohydrates into monosaccharides is an example of __________.
catabolism
What process produces most of the NADH that contributes to ATP synthesis in the cell?
citric acid cycle
Where does glycolysis take place?
cytoplasm of the cell
If your daily diet is deficient in carbohydrates, the result might be
decrease of muscle mass
Polyunsaturated vegetable oils can be changed from liquids to solids by
decreasing the number of double covalent bonds in their fatty acids.
The BMR (basal metabolic rate) can increase
during pregnancy
A kilocalorie (kcal) is a measure of the
energy content of food
Metabolic rate is the total amount of
energy produced and used by the body per unit of time
The presence of Ketone bodies in the urine indicates increased metabolism of ___________.
fatty acids
If energy intake is greater than energy output, an individual will tend to
gain weight
Glycolysis is best defined as the breakdown of
glucose to two molecules of pyruvate
The most common monosaccharides in the diet are ______ and _______.
glucose; fructose
If an increase in blood temperature were detected, one would probably observe
increases sweat production
Transamination
involves removing an amine group from an amino acid
When glucose is metabolized in the absence of oxygen, one of the end products is _______.
lactate
The transformation of Acetyl-CoA to free fatty acids is a process called _____.
liipogenesis
The formation of triglycerides is called
lipogenesis
Which of the following organs can store glycogen?
liver and muscles
Olive oils and peanut oils are both examples of _______.
monounsaturated fats
An amino acid
must be supplied in the diet
In the first step of the citric acid cycle, _______ acid combines with acetyl-CoA to produce citric acid.
oxaloacetic
The citric acid cycle begins by combining
oxaloacetic acid and acetyl-CoA to form citric acid
The yield of ATP in aerobic respiration is usually lower than the theoretical 36 molecules due to all the following, except
production of lactate
Activity at the electron transport chain
results in the formation of ATP
Complex carbohydrates include
starch, glycogen, cellulose
About 95% of the lipids in the human diet are ________.
triglycerides
