ASL 741

Students in classrooms using this method mainly respond to the teacher's prompts and have little control over the content, pace or style of learning - students are not encouraged to initiate interaction because this might lead to mistakes

Audiolingual Method

What is the "ultimate method"?

A method that could be generalizable across widely varying audiences, contexts and languages

Which approach "raised our awareness of the social dynamics of classrooms", and has a "person-center" view of students?

Community Language Learning

When a new language teaching method emerges, all the creators of earlier/older language teaching methods object because they believe their methods are better than the new language teaching method.

False

Approach

Defines assumptions, beliefs & theories about the nature of language and language learning.

Other names of this method include "natural methods" and "Berlitz method".

Direct Method

Who first came up with a way to describe what teachers were trying to do, using the "approach", "method" and "technique" framework?

Edward Anthony, 1963

Sociocultural (model)

Language is a communicative activity in which the social context, customs, and beliefs are central.

Structural

Language is a system of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning, such as phonemes and grammar.

Functional

Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meanings and for performing real-world activities.

Interactional (model)

Language is a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations.

Lexical

Language is considered primarily through the role of lexis and lexical chunks or phrases.

Genre

Language is governed by discourse-specific norms and texts for different purposes.

Cognitive

Language is the acquisition of abstract knowledge and involves properties of the mind.

This approach/method drew from child language acquisition theories, specifically where children do a great deal of listening and responding through gestures/movements.

Total Physical Response

The foundation of contemporary teaching approaches were developed during the early part of the 20th century.

True

Design

Specifies the relationship of those theories to classroom materials and activities

Which method/approach encourages students to be "as childlike as possible"?

Suggestopedia

Procedure

Techniques and practices that derive from one's approach & design

Which method was developed in opposition to Grammar-Translation method?

The Series Method

Which approach/method prioritizes a problem-solving approach to learning language?

The Silent Way

An ASL classroom using the Audiolingual Method would

be 100% in ASL, and instead of interacting, students would be given plenty of videos for lab practice. No English at all, spoken or written would be allowed.

An ASL classroom using the Total Physical Response method would

be heavily hands-on, much like a biology classroom where the teacher gives commands to students as they dissect a fake frog.

An ASL classroom using the Direct Method would

be small, intensive and be focused solely on ASL (very little or no English allowed).

The Silent Way

believes in a structural approach where language is separated from its social context and taught using artificial materials.

The Natural Approach

believes the teacher is the primary source of comprehensible input in the target language.

The Series Method was

born when Gouin saw his 3 year old nephew speaking German fluently - even after Gouin memorized the entire German dictionary.

The Direct Method:

doesn't believe grammar or grammar rules should be taught explicitly.

An ASL teacher using the Grammar-Translation method would

emphasize reading and writing skills using written English translated into written ASL, and use English as the language of instruction.

The Audiolingual Method:

emphasizes error-free speaking (or signing) - phonology must look "native-like".

Suggestopedia

emphasizes the state of relaxation in order for the human brain to process increased quantities of materials.

Total Physical Response

emphasizes the state of responding using limbs in order for the two parts of the human brain to connect motor activity with language processing.

Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching:

has an emphasis on speaking (signing) proficiency, language learned through situations and themes.

Community Language Learning

has five learning stages, where the teacher translates from native language to target language.

A classroom using the Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching method would

have a more scientific approach towards vocabulary, where sentence patterns are systematically categorized.

An ASL classroom using the Natural Approach would

have absolutely no required homework, quizzes or tests. Those would be entirely optional.

The Grammar-Translation method:

includes long, long lists of words to study, and watching teacher lecture frequently about grammar and rules.

Pick three examples that were discussed in Richards & Rodgers Chapter 2 about what causes the rise and fall of different language teaching methods.

practicality publishers local traditions

An ASL classroom using Suggestopedia method would

probably have soft lights, candles, and soft chairs (to replace music).

An ASL classroom using the The Silent Way method would

probably purchase the Manipulative Visual Language (MVL) set.

The alternative & designer methods of the 70's was most known for their:

unique, revolutionary creativity in the area of second language teaching and learning- and the pushing of boundaries

The Series Method:

was developed as a challenge against the prevalent method at that time, and spurred the reform movement.

An ASL classroom using the Community Language Learning method

would require a teacher whispering English in students' ears as they sit in a circle.

Which method would use this approach in teaching grammar and sentence patterns? S-TR-DO (Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object)

Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching

What was the terms used in Anthony's 1963 language methods framework and what were Richards & Rodgers' current changes based on Anthony's framework?

Approach, Method & Technique vs. Method: Approach, Design & Procedure

Which method believes it's not important for students to understand the language (e.g. what is spoken, signed or written) - as long as students understand the grammar rules

Grammar-Translation

What was the world's most widely studied language 500 years ago?

Latin

Cognitive-code learning

Learning happens through deductive and inductive activities.

Individual Factors

Learning happens when teachers adjust teaching to match students' learning style preferences.

Creative-construction hypothesis

Learning is a creative process; errors are seen as evidence of learning.

Behaviorism

Learning is a habitualized through positive reinforcement and repetition

Constructivism

Learning is a result of learner's internal construction of meaning; Learners are actively involved in their own process of learning.

Interactional

Learning is an interactive process - and learning happens when learners work with more competent speakers who modify their input.

Skill learning

Learning is done through a hierarchy of skills mastered by first introducing controlled learning then transition to automatic processing.

Sociocultural

Learning results from a dialogue between learner and a more knowledgeable person; guided participation in joint activities

This approach/method advocates the delaying language production and letting production emerge when ready.

The Natural Approach

Which approach/method of the Designer Methods of the 70s attracted widespread interest for many years, unlike the others?

The Natural Approach