ASL 741
Students in classrooms using this method mainly respond to the teacher's prompts and have little control over the content, pace or style of learning - students are not encouraged to initiate interaction because this might lead to mistakes
Audiolingual Method
What is the "ultimate method"?
A method that could be generalizable across widely varying audiences, contexts and languages
Which approach "raised our awareness of the social dynamics of classrooms", and has a "person-center" view of students?
Community Language Learning
When a new language teaching method emerges, all the creators of earlier/older language teaching methods object because they believe their methods are better than the new language teaching method.
False
Approach
Defines assumptions, beliefs & theories about the nature of language and language learning.
Other names of this method include "natural methods" and "Berlitz method".
Direct Method
Who first came up with a way to describe what teachers were trying to do, using the "approach", "method" and "technique" framework?
Edward Anthony, 1963
Sociocultural (model)
Language is a communicative activity in which the social context, customs, and beliefs are central.
Structural
Language is a system of structurally related elements for the coding of meaning, such as phonemes and grammar.
Functional
Language is a vehicle for the expression of functional meanings and for performing real-world activities.
Interactional (model)
Language is a vehicle for the realization of interpersonal relations.
Lexical
Language is considered primarily through the role of lexis and lexical chunks or phrases.
Genre
Language is governed by discourse-specific norms and texts for different purposes.
Cognitive
Language is the acquisition of abstract knowledge and involves properties of the mind.
This approach/method drew from child language acquisition theories, specifically where children do a great deal of listening and responding through gestures/movements.
Total Physical Response
The foundation of contemporary teaching approaches were developed during the early part of the 20th century.
True
Design
Specifies the relationship of those theories to classroom materials and activities
Which method/approach encourages students to be "as childlike as possible"?
Suggestopedia
Procedure
Techniques and practices that derive from one's approach & design
Which method was developed in opposition to Grammar-Translation method?
The Series Method
Which approach/method prioritizes a problem-solving approach to learning language?
The Silent Way
An ASL classroom using the Audiolingual Method would
be 100% in ASL, and instead of interacting, students would be given plenty of videos for lab practice. No English at all, spoken or written would be allowed.
An ASL classroom using the Total Physical Response method would
be heavily hands-on, much like a biology classroom where the teacher gives commands to students as they dissect a fake frog.
An ASL classroom using the Direct Method would
be small, intensive and be focused solely on ASL (very little or no English allowed).
The Silent Way
believes in a structural approach where language is separated from its social context and taught using artificial materials.
The Natural Approach
believes the teacher is the primary source of comprehensible input in the target language.
The Series Method was
born when Gouin saw his 3 year old nephew speaking German fluently - even after Gouin memorized the entire German dictionary.
The Direct Method:
doesn't believe grammar or grammar rules should be taught explicitly.
An ASL teacher using the Grammar-Translation method would
emphasize reading and writing skills using written English translated into written ASL, and use English as the language of instruction.
The Audiolingual Method:
emphasizes error-free speaking (or signing) - phonology must look "native-like".
Suggestopedia
emphasizes the state of relaxation in order for the human brain to process increased quantities of materials.
Total Physical Response
emphasizes the state of responding using limbs in order for the two parts of the human brain to connect motor activity with language processing.
Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching:
has an emphasis on speaking (signing) proficiency, language learned through situations and themes.
Community Language Learning
has five learning stages, where the teacher translates from native language to target language.
A classroom using the Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching method would
have a more scientific approach towards vocabulary, where sentence patterns are systematically categorized.
An ASL classroom using the Natural Approach would
have absolutely no required homework, quizzes or tests. Those would be entirely optional.
The Grammar-Translation method:
includes long, long lists of words to study, and watching teacher lecture frequently about grammar and rules.
Pick three examples that were discussed in Richards & Rodgers Chapter 2 about what causes the rise and fall of different language teaching methods.
practicality publishers local traditions
An ASL classroom using Suggestopedia method would
probably have soft lights, candles, and soft chairs (to replace music).
An ASL classroom using the The Silent Way method would
probably purchase the Manipulative Visual Language (MVL) set.
The alternative & designer methods of the 70's was most known for their:
unique, revolutionary creativity in the area of second language teaching and learning- and the pushing of boundaries
The Series Method:
was developed as a challenge against the prevalent method at that time, and spurred the reform movement.
An ASL classroom using the Community Language Learning method
would require a teacher whispering English in students' ears as they sit in a circle.
Which method would use this approach in teaching grammar and sentence patterns? S-TR-DO (Subject + Transitive Verb + Direct Object)
Oral Approach & Situational Language Teaching
What was the terms used in Anthony's 1963 language methods framework and what were Richards & Rodgers' current changes based on Anthony's framework?
Approach, Method & Technique vs. Method: Approach, Design & Procedure
Which method believes it's not important for students to understand the language (e.g. what is spoken, signed or written) - as long as students understand the grammar rules
Grammar-Translation
What was the world's most widely studied language 500 years ago?
Latin
Cognitive-code learning
Learning happens through deductive and inductive activities.
Individual Factors
Learning happens when teachers adjust teaching to match students' learning style preferences.
Creative-construction hypothesis
Learning is a creative process; errors are seen as evidence of learning.
Behaviorism
Learning is a habitualized through positive reinforcement and repetition
Constructivism
Learning is a result of learner's internal construction of meaning; Learners are actively involved in their own process of learning.
Interactional
Learning is an interactive process - and learning happens when learners work with more competent speakers who modify their input.
Skill learning
Learning is done through a hierarchy of skills mastered by first introducing controlled learning then transition to automatic processing.
Sociocultural
Learning results from a dialogue between learner and a more knowledgeable person; guided participation in joint activities
This approach/method advocates the delaying language production and letting production emerge when ready.
The Natural Approach
Which approach/method of the Designer Methods of the 70s attracted widespread interest for many years, unlike the others?
The Natural Approach