Milady Cosmetology Chapter 21

Coloring products that have a coating action on the hair and are removed by shampooing are:

temporary colors

A color achieved by mixing equal parts of a secondary color and its neighboring primary color on the color wheel is a:

tertiary color

The system used by colorists to analyze the lightness or darkness of a hair color is:

the level system

The hue or balance of color seen in the hair is referred to as:

tone

Hair coloring products that are used primarily on prelightened hair to achieve pale and delicate colors are:

toners

As part of their composition, all permanent hair coloring products and lighteners contain both a developer and a(n):

alkalizing ingredient

Dye precursors that combine with hydrogen peroxide to form larger, permanent dye molecules are called:

aniline derivatives

The natural coloring pigment found in the cortex layer of the hair is:

melanin

Haircoloring products that change color gradually by progressive buildup and exposure to air contain:

metal salts

Fine hair takes color faster and can look darker because the melanin granules are grouped:

more tightly

Clients with hair in questionable condition who request chemical services should be required to sign a:

release statement

A color obtained by mixing equal parts of two primary colors is a:

secondary color

The process that lightens hair and deposits color in one application is a:

single-process hair coloring

Hair texture is determined by the diameter of individual hair:

strands

All hair coloring products require a patch test with the exception of:

temporary colors

The darkest hair colors in the level system are identified as being a level:

1

When applying color for a single-process retouch application, the color should be applied to the new growth using:

1/4 inch partings

During the process of decolorizing, natural hair can go through as many as:

10 stages

The standard volume of hydrogen peroxide used to achieve most results with permanent haircolor is:

20 volume

Cuticle contributes up to how much of the overall strength of the hair?

20%

The U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act prescribes that a predisposition test be given:

24 to 48 hours prior to application

A healthy cortex contributes how much to the overall strength of the hair?

80%

All permanent haircolor products and lighteners contain

A developer or oxidizing agent, and an alkalizing ingredient

Normal hair has an:

Average porosity

Predominant tone of a color

Base color

What terms describe hair texture?

Coarse, medium, and fine

Used to recondition damaged, overly porous hair and equalize porosity so that the hair accepts the color evenly from strand to strand and from scalp to ends.

Conditioner fillers

Undertone, the varying degrees of warmth exposed during permanent color or lightening process

Contributing pigment

The middle layer of the hair

Cortex

Outermost layer of hair

Cuticle

Oxidative haircolor

Demipermanent and permanent

The number of hairs per square inch, can range from thick to thin

Density

Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every 2 to 4 weeks.

False - Clients who have their hair colored usually visit the salon every 4 to 12 weeks.

Hair that looks gun-metal gray is ready to receive color.

False - Hair that looks gun-metal gray is a real danger sign—the hair is very fragile and may be close to the breaking point.

The classifications of nonoxidative haircolor are demipermanent and permanent.

False - The classifications of nonoxidative haircolor are temporary and semipermanent

Viscosity measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide.

False - Volume measures the concentration and strength of hydrogen peroxide.

Used to equalize porosity

Fillers

What forms does demipermanent haircolor come in?

Gel, cream, or liquid

Resistant hair has a:

Low porosity

Nonammonia color that adds shine and tone to the hair

Glaze

Hair that has lost its pigment and is normally associated with aging

Gray hair

Common way to describe a haircolor service that adds shine and color to the hair

Haircolor glaze

Where is melanin located?

In the cortex

Strength of a color

Intensity

What levels give the best coverage for gray hair?

Level 7 and darker

Innermost layer of hair, is sometimes absent

Medulla

Combination of natural hair color that contains pheomelanin and eumelanin

Mixed melanin

Process by which oxygen is released

Oxidation

Hair cannot be safely listed past the ________________ with lighteners.

Pale yellow stage

Melanin that gives blond and red colors to hair

Pheomelanin

First step of double-process haircoloring

Prelightening

Any technique that involves partial lightening or coloring

Special effects haircoloring

What percentage of neutral or natural tones should be added to formula for gray coverage?

The same percentage of tones as the percentage of gray present.

You should NEVER apply hair color to a client if the scalp has any obvious signs of:

abrasions

A presoftener acts like a stain to the hair.

True

Base color is the predominant tone of a color.

True

Pheomelanin is the melanin that gives blond and red colors hair.

True

Powdered off-the-scalp lighteners contain persulfate salts for quicker and stronger lightening.

True

Colors obtained from the leaves or bark of plants

Vegetable haircolors

Refers to the first time the hair is colored

Virgin application

Can look lightest than their actual level

Warm tones

Powdered persulfate salts added to haircolor to increase its lightening ability are:

activators

This can occur with gray hair and can be caused by smoking, medication, sun exposure, hair spray and styling aids.

Yellowed hair

The technique using a free-form of painting hair lightener directly on clean, styled hair is:

baliage

The primary color that brings depth or darkness to any color is:

blue

When all three primary colors are present in equal proportions, the resulting color is:

brown

The hair type with a large diameter that can take longer to process hair color is:

coarse-textured hair

Examples of single-process permanent coloring applications are virgin color applications and:

color retouch applications

Primary and secondary colors that are positioned opposite each on the color wheel are:

complementary colors

Decolorizing the hair's natural pigment allows the colorist to create the exact degree of:

contributing pigment

Colors that can look deeper than their actual level are:

cool tones

Lighteners that have a thicker consistency and give more control during scalp application are:

cream lighteners

Overlapping hair color on previously tinted hair can cause breakage and create a visible line of:

demarcation

The process where the hair is prelightened and then toned is:

double-process application

The melanin that gives black and brown color to hair is:

eumelanin

Natural, vegetable, and metallic hair colors are also known as:

gradual colors

Neutral base colors are often used to cover:

gray hair

Chemical compounds that lighten hair by dispersing, dissolving, and decolorizing the natural pigment are:

hair lighteners

The most critical part of a color service is the:

haircolor consultation

When the cuticle of the hair is lifted and the hair is overly porous and absorbs color quickly, the hair porosity is defined as:

high

The coloring technique that involves coloring some strands of hair lighter than the natural color is:

highlighting

The most commonly used developer in hair color is:

hydrogen peroxide

A predisposition test is generally conducted behind the ear or:

inside the elbow

The system used for understanding color relationships is the:

law of color

The technique of coloring strands of hair darker than the natural color is:

lowlighting

Tones can be described as cool, warm, or:

neutral

The part of the hair shaft between the scalp and the hair that has been previously colored is the:

new growth

Demipermanent colors are also known as:

no-lift deposit-only colors

When applying color using the brush-and-bowl method, the mixing bowl should be:

nonmetallic

Before performing a coloring service with an aniline derivative product, the client must have a(n):

patch test

The coloring products that are regarded as the best for covering gray hair are:

permanent haircoloring

The ability of the hair to absorb liquids is referred to as:

porosity

The process of treating gray or very resistant hair to allow for better penetration of color is:

presoftening

Fundamental or pure colors that cannot be achieved from a mixture are:

primary colors

In the weaving technique, selected strands are picked up from a narrow section of hair with a:

zigzag motion