Quiz 2
A culture that prefers to first settle general principles rather than small issues is most accurately characterized as ________. A) idealist B) polychronic C) high-context D) pragmatist
A
All of the following are international business translation problems EXCEPT which of the following? A) All written work requires back translation in order to be understood in a second language. B) Because languages and the common meaning of words are constantly evolving, the intended meaning of a word may be different from what the listener or reader understands. C) Some words in one language simply don't have a direct translation into another language. D) Words mean different things in different contexts, thus the wrong context may be translated.
A
Although there are different views about the purpose of a political system, most analysts agree that an essential task of a political system is to ________. A) integrate the different elements of a society into a functioning unit B) allocate scarce resources among competing users C) develop reasonable attitudes and outlooks within the population D) protect individuals within the country from foreign threats
A
Assume a firm plans to expand internationally. If its managers wish to avoid pitfalls caused by differences in "silent language," they should consider differences in ________. A) normal proximity during conversations B) degree of detail expected in written contract C) the meaning of slang words during presentations D) importance of adherence to schedules
A
The term "________ culture" describes a country in which the norm is a money-and-things orientation and a belief that it's better to "live to work" than to "work to live." A) high masculinity B) physiological C) non-fatalistic D) high-femininity
A
The vigor of IPR protection is highly related to a country's stage of ________. A) economic development B) cultural heterogeneity C) natural resource development D) standardization of patent regulations
A
Wharton Enterprises, a U.S. firm, manufactures small kitchen appliances. The firm has recently developed an innovative blender design that Wharton executives anticipate being very profitable. Currently, Wharton has production facilities in the U.S. and China. Wharton executives are trying to determine where the new product should be manufactured. Which of the following best supports a decision to manufacture the new product in the U.S. instead of China? A) Intellectual property rights are strongly protected by U.S. patent laws. B) A strategic marketing plan can be quickly developed in the U.S. C) Contract enforcement is a simple process in the U.S. D) The U.S. is experiencing an economic recession.
A
Which of the following best describes a result of cultural collision in international business? A) A company implements practices that are less effective than intended. B) Local employees are overlooked for promotions by home country managers. C) Expatriate managers rely too heavily on local employees for negotiating business deals. D) Foreign and domestic companies make adjustments for the local culture and legal environment.
A
Which of the following problems in China is blamed for the annual loss of $250 billion by American MNEs? A) intellectual property violations B) environmental hazards C) child labor violations D) embezzlement
A
Which of the following was a notable trend in political systems during the second half of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century? A) A wave of democratic transformations occurred as countries around the world moved away from totalitarian systems. B) A wave of theocratic revolutions occurred as people around the world looked to spirituality to guide them. C) Socialistic revolutions swept the world as countries aspired toward greater social justice. D) A totalitarian revolution swept the world as people looked to strong state leadership in uncertain times.
A
________ peoples account for the largest percentage of global production. A) English-speaking B) Mandarin-speaking C) French-speaking D) Spanish-speaking
A
A ________ law system is based on tradition, judge-made precedent, and usage and assigns a preeminent position to existing case law as a guide to dispute resolution. A) theocratic B) common C) customary D) civil
B
A culture in which people prefer to finish one task before starting another is most accurately characterized as which of the following? A) low-context B) monochronic C) pragmatic D) high power-distanc
B
A system of ________ law sets the framework for the system of government and defines the authority and procedure of political bodies to establish laws and regulations. A) criminal B) constitutional C) civil D) commercial
B
Certain attitudes can link groups, such as managers, from different nations more closely than managers with labor within a given nation. As a result, international businesspeople should most likely ________. A) assume that there are few significant cultural differences among nations B) examine relevant groups when comparing nations C) adopt universal operating methods D) avoid cultural imperialism
B
A(n) ________ law system is based on a systematic and extensive codification of laws and puts political officials in charge of specifying accessible, detailed, and written law that applies to all citizens. A) customary B) common C) civil D) theocratic
C
According to the theory of success and reward expectation, the greatest enthusiasm for work generally occurs when there is a ________ certainty of success combined with a ________ reward for success compared to the reward for failure. A) high; high B) high; low C) low; high D) low; low
C
All of the following countries have a totalitarian political system EXCEPT ________. A) China B) Russia C) South Korea D) Saudi Arabia
C
Countries often use local content regulations to determine the proportion of the product that must be made in the local market versus made outside of the local market in order to ________. A) maximize product safety B) ensure a cultural fit C) favor domestic companies D) relieve production pressures on local companies
C
Elite Manufacturing seeks a foreign location with a highly favorable business environment and a comprehensive legal code. Which of the following countries would be most suitable for Elite? A) Japan B) Canada C) Singapore D) United Kingdom
C
Ethnocentrism in international business refers to the ________. A) study of group ethics and approaches to corporate social responsibility B) comparison of the Protestant ethic with other religious views C) belief that what works best at home should work best everywhere D) ethnic segmentation of marketing programs within countries
C
Garnet Footwear suffered significant financial losses and had to close its foreign operations. The dissolution process took six months and cost four percent of the firm's estate. Where was Garnet's foreign operations most likely located? A) Ecuador B) France C) Japan D) China
C
Ian, a financial manager, is preparing to transfer to Germany where he will serve as an expatriate manager of his employer's European office. With which type of legal system will Ian most likely have to deal with in Germany? A) mixed B) common C) civil D) theocratic
C
If an MNE convinced a popular priest that its vitamin-enriched soft drink would benefit parishioners' health, the MNE would be using ________ to help bring about change. A) participation B) reward sharing C) an opinion leader D) materialistic motivation
C
Managers should be more precise in their directions to subordinates when ________. A) the company has a philosophy of geocentrism B) the society believes age equals wisdom C) uncertainty avoidance is high D) power distance is low
C
One of the potential problems for an MNE that practices too much polycentrism is ________. A) demanding that local communication methods be replaced with modern technology B) underestimating the complexity of introducing new management practices C) losing innovative capabilities to less-risky host-country practices D) relying too much on home-country directions and policies
C
Proponents of ________ argue that individual interests are not as important as the welfare of the group. A) pluralism B) capitalism C) collectivism D) individualism
C
The attempt to resolve small issues before principles is a characteristic of which of the following? A) relativism B) monochronic behavior C) pragmatism D) uncertainty avoidance
C
The distinguishing feature of political ideologies along the political spectrum is ________, with some emphasizing its primacy and others opposing it. A) capitalism B) socialism C) freedom D) liberalism
C
The principle that an individual has the freedom to pursue his or her interests is called ________. A) socialism B) totalitarianism C) individualism D) collectivism
C
The pushback against democracy has powered a rise in totalitarianism, a situation that is likely to include which of the following? A) increasing adoption of the principles of the rule of law B) growing demands worldwide for greater fairness and justice in legal proceedings C) increasing adoption of the principles of the rule of man D) suppression of state-control in the direction of legal activities
C
The term "cultural distance" refers to the ________. A) physical space between people during communication B) time it takes people to adjust to the language, traditions, and norms of a foreign culture C) degree to which countries differ on cultural dimensions D) preferred relationship between superiors and subordinates in a given culture
C
Wharton Enterprises, a U.S. firm, manufactures small kitchen appliances. The firm has recently developed an innovative blender design that Wharton executives anticipate being very profitable. Currently, Wharton has production facilities in the U.S. and China. Wharton executives are trying to determine where the new product should be manufactured. Which of the following questions is most relevant to the decision? A) What selection procedures would be best in China? B) Should expatriates or locals manage the Chinese facility? C) How can the firm guard against counterfeiting in China? D) How would China's individualistic system affect the firm?
C
When a company does business in another country whose official language is the same as its home country's, the company should most likely ________. A) assume that communications will go smoothly B) use back-translation on all written documents C) realize that words may have different meanings D) assume that word meanings are the same despite spelling differences
C
When divergent cultures come in contact, ________ occurs. A) power distance B) culture shock C) cultural collision D) group membership
C
Which of the following countries has a collectivist orientation? A) Canada B) Australia C) Japan D) Netherlands
C
Which of the following is a common shortcoming of studies examining culture in different countries and regions? A) Cultures are static, which leads researchers to draw false conclusions from old data. B) It is impossible to compare countries because of differences in data. C) Responses are reported in averages, which can lead to a belief in unrealistic stereotypes. D) People are reluctant to complain about their own cultures, so they present only positive opinions to researchers.
C
Which of the following statements best describes a pluralistic society? A) Multiple segments of society adhere to the same political philosophy. B) Two dominant political parties rule local and federal governments. C) Different ideologies are held by different segments of society. D) Various ethnic groups belong to the official political party.
C
Which of the following types of political risks often is caused by ethnic conflict or civil disorder and includes those random political developments that adversely affect the operations of all companies in a country? A) systemic political risk B) procedural political risk C) catastrophic political risk D) distributive political risk
C
Which of the following would most likely be used in a totalitarian system to promote unconditional support for the official ideology? A) privately owned media outlets B) a parliamentary system C) state control of the education system D) a representative legislative body
C
________ consists of specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group of people. A) Ethnology B) Civilization C) Culture D) Doctrine
C
Which of the following countries has an individualistic orientation? A) Venezuela B) Japan C) Egypt D) Canada
D
_____ refers to a political system in which government is organized by and accountable to the people. A) Totalitarianism B) Fascism C) Socialism D) Democracy
D
________ refer(s) to the creative ideas, innovative expertise, or intangible insights that give an individual, company, or country a competitive advantage. A) Proprietary goods B) Exclusive ownership C) Restrictive goods D) Intellectual property
D
T/F: A civil law system anchors itself in the wisdom of daily experience or, more intellectually, great spiritual or philosophical traditions.
F
T/F: A culture in which people prefer to handle tasks sequentially is a polychronic culture.
F
T/F: A culture with a preference for a problem-solving style that first settles principles is a pragmatic culture.
F
T/F: A widely successful strategy for introducing change into a foreign country is to introduce many changes simultaneously.
F
T/F: According to EIU research, 37% of the world's population live in full democracies.
F
T/F: Cultures do not transcend national boundaries
F
T/F: A common law system is based on tradition, judge-made precedent, and usage in which the courts assign a preeminent position to existing case law to guide dispute resolution.
T
T/F: A democracy grants the voting citizenry the power to alter the laws and structures of government.
T
T/F: A firm that begins operating in a culturally similar foreign country will most likely face few necessary cultural adjustments.
T
T/F: A political ideology is the collection of ideas that expresses the goals, theories, and aims that constitute a sociopolitical program.
T
T/F: A potential problem of polycentrism is failure to introduce innovative superiority.
T
T/F: The rule of law holds that governmental authority is legitimately exercised only in accordance with written, publicly disclosed laws that have been appropriately adopted and which are enforced in keeping with established procedure.
T
T/F: The rule of man, a practice that has been in play for millennia, presumes that the law is the will of the ruler, whether the king, czar, raj, or emperor.
T
T/F: The term collectivism refers to a system that stresses the primacy of societal goals over individual goals.
T
T/F: There is a strong correlation between the intensity of religious belief and attributes that lead to economic growth, such as obeying laws and thriftiness
T
T/F: Totalitarianism is a political ideology that typically involves constant indoctrination of the population by agents of the government to eliminate dissent.
T
T/F: Where future orientation is high, people are more willing to delay gratification by investing
T
T/F: Similarity among people is both a cause and effect of national boundaries
True
In a democracy, ________. A) citizens have the right to participate in the decision-making process B) the opportunity to truly participate in the political process is restricted to a select few C) the court system is directly supervised by the political system D) the rights of the individual are merged with the state
A
In the opening case on the Java Lounge in Saudi Arabia, people in the port city of Jeddah were less culturally conservative than people in the interior of the country. The most likely reason for this is that ________. A) people in the port cities have more contact with foreigners B) the coastal area has to trade with countries using different religious holidays C) the coastal area has a culture with a higher uncertainty avoidance D) the coastal area is secular, whereas the interior of Saudi Arabia has a state religion
A
In which of the following countries would business activity, given its status as a "not free" marketplace, be under the greatest government control? A) Vietnam B) Pakistan C) India D) Brazil
A
Safe work environments motivate ________; challenges motivate ________. A) individualists; collectivists B) collectivists; individualists C) non-fatalists; fatalists D) materialists; non-materialists
B
A U.S. firm with manufacturing facilities in Nigeria will most likely be faced with a ________ legal system. A) civil B) common C) customary D) mixed
D
T/F: According to experts, stakeholder participation in decision making is effective only in countries with an educated population.
F
T/F: Countries with a theocratic legal system encourage precise, detailed contracts whereas countries with a common legal system encourage shorter and less specific contracts.
F
T/F: Democracy and totalitarianism fall on the same end of the political spectrum.
F
T/F: In a country with a high masculinity score, people have a tendency to feel sympathy towards individuals who are unemployed or homeless.
F
T/F: National origin is an acquired group membership
F
The fact that an English word such as blue-jeans has entered the Spanish language, while a Spanish word such as macho has come into American English illustrates that ________. A) cultural diffusion is a two-way process B) cultural trends come from emerging nations C) existing national borders are shifting D) material cultures are becoming universal
A
T/F: In collectivist cultures based on kinship, security and social needs are met more effectively in the workplace than at home.
F
T/F: International law takes precedence over national laws in determining permissible practices in pricing, distribution, advertising, and promotion of products and services in a particular country.
F
T/F: Political risk insurance is more likely to be purchased by MNEs that apply an active approach to political risk management.
F
T/F: Societies that emphasize collectivism place the interests of individuals over the interests of the state.
F
T/F: The International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition estimates that international trade in counterfeit products runs less than 5 percent of the value of total world trade.
F
T/F: The Washington Consensus promotes democracy, freedom, the rule of man, and human rights.
F
T/F: The lack of cultural guidebooks and research specifically for international managers poses a significant problem for global firms.
F
T/F: The protection of intellectual property rights is very similar from country to country.
F
________ is the chance that political forces may change a country's business environment in ways that lead investors to lose some or all of the value of their investment or be forced to accept a lower-than-projected rate of return. A) Governmental risk B) Operating risk C) Transaction risk D) Political risk
D
T/F: The political system of a country refers to the laws that regulate actions, along with the processes by which those laws are enforced and by which redress for grievances is acquired.
F
T/F: The specific learned norms based on attitudes, values, and beliefs of a group of people are known as ethnology.
F
T/F: Totalitarian countries are favored by MNEs because state governments typically favor foreign investors over local companies.
F
T/F: When a company does business in another country whose official language is the same as the company's home country, employees can assume that although some spellings are different that words will mean the same thing.
F
T/F: When dealing in business with people from another county, it is good to use slang and tell jokes to put everyone at ease.
F
T/F: The fundamental element of democracy is justice.
False
T/F: Although countries are similar in terms of having a mandatory retirement age, they differ in what that age is.
T
T/F: Change agents intentionally cause or accelerate social and cultural change.
T
T/F: Civil strife, tax discrimination, weak legal systems, and terrorist actions are political risks faced by MNEs operating in foreign countries.
T
T/F: Creolization refers to the mixing of cultural elements that occurs during cultural diffusion.
T
T/F: Cultural change may come by choice or imposition.
T
T/F: English-speaking peoples account for a larger portion of global output than people who speak any other language.
T
T/F: Ethnocentric firms typically use the same business practices in all cultures and markets.
T
T/F: Geocentrism is the preferred approach to international business practices for most global firms.
T
T/F: In societies where trust is high, there tends to be a lower cost of doing business.
T
T/F: In some collectivist systems, such as Venezuela, politicians control media outlets and limit individual property rights in order to acquire power in the business environment.
T
T/F: Intellectual property refers to the creative ideas, innovative expertise, or intangible insights that give an individual, company, or country a competitive advantage.
T
T/F: International companies often must customize products to comply with local standards if they are to do business in a particular country.
T
T/F: Laws on local business activities directly influence the operations of domestic and foreign companies in areas such as hiring and firing workers.
T
T/F: Managers who take an active approach to political risk management are likely to rely on statistical modeling to quantify the precise degree of political risk.
T
T/F: Many firms gain a global competitive advantage by fostering cultural diversity.
T
T/F: Most cultural variables are universal.
T
T/F: Most people's basic values are acquired during childhood and are not readily changed later in life.
T
T/F: Multilateral development banks encourage development in risky environments through financial incentives.
T
T/F: Preference for a consultative management style is prevalent in a society with low power distance.
T
T/F: Research indicates that democracy is declining around the world and that totalitarian regimes are increasing.
T
T/F: The Third Wave of Democratization was partially triggered by improved communication systems.
T
T/F: The identity of a nation is typically promoted through symbols, monuments, and museums.
T
T/F:As exemplified in China, the government in a collectivist society is highly connected to and interdependent with business.
T
Businesspeople seeking to understand more about another culture in order to successfully conduct business within that culture would be best advised to do which of the following? A) observing the behavior of people who have gained respect within that cultural environment B) relying on stereotypes, which are based on averages, to gain an understanding of the culture C) avoiding cultural research studies because they perpetuate unjustified stereotypes and behaviors D) memorizing the cultural variations that are typically encountered in a specific cultural environment
A
Ellen, a U.S. citizen, worked for a U.S. firm in Germany for four years and was transferred back to the firm's home office in Chicago two months ago. Ellen feels significant dissatisfaction with her job and life in Chicago, which is most likely a result of ________. A) reverse culture shock B) polycentrism C) culture shock D) ethnocentrism
A
ION Software is the registered owner of a program designed to help sort and organize incoming and outgoing e-mail. Which of the following legal conventions does ION most likely have? A) intellectual property right B) trademark credential C) patent certificate D) TRIPS permit
A
Most counterfeit goods are made in markets in which ________ is the basis of the legal system. A) the rule of man B) the rule of law C) religious doctrine D) corporate precedent
A
People generally prefer little consultation between superiors and subordinates in cultures where ________ is high. A) power distance B) fatalism C) individualism D) self-actualization
A
Raj, an engineer, works long hours and takes full responsibility for both his good and bad work performance. Raj most likely believes in ________. A) self-determination B) low power distance C) collectivism D) fatalism
A
Skinner Electronics plans to expand into foreign markets. Top executives want the firm to focus only on locations where the rule of law prevails. Which of the following should most likely be considered by Skinner? A) wealthier, westernized countries B) developing, non-Western countries C) emerging economies experiencing rapid growth D) countries inclined toward totalitarian-style government
A
The largest percentage of nations, within a contiguous geographic region, that adhere to the rule of man are located in ________. A) Central Africa B) Northern Africa C) Eastern Europe D) Central America
A
Which of the following statements about approaches to political risk management is NOT true? A) Passive political risk management discourages managers from fully or partially hedging their bets against exposure to political hazards. B) Passive political risk management assumes that it is difficult, if not impossible, to systematically model political risk. C) Active political risk management assumes that positive and negative political events in any country are neither independent nor random events. D) Active political risk management assumes that political events unfold in observable patterns that statistical methods can detect.
A
Countries with a ________ legal system tend to encourage precise, detailed contracts, whereas countries with a ________ legal system tend to encourage shorter and less specific contracts. A) theocratic; mixed B) common; civil C) civil; customary D) customary; common
B
Creolization refers to ________. A) government efforts to maintain a distinct cultural identity through legislation and language B) the process of mixing elements of an outside culture with those of a national culture C) the use of stereotypes to describe a culture D) changes as cultures evolve over time
B
Cultural change imposed by an alien culture is called ________. A) multicultural ethnocentrism B) cultural imperialism C) collectivism D) high-context
B
Evaluating the importance of potential clients or partners by the way they dress is an example of using ________. A) pragmatism B) silent language C) polychronism D) fatalism
B
Expatriate managers located in cultures characterized by ________ have noticed that local employees are highly motivated by retirement programs. A) low uncertainty avoidance B) high future orientation C) low masculinity D) high power distance
B
In a practical sense, the term political system is meant to signify the ________. A) organization of military power in a country B) working government in a country C) philosophical orientations in a country D) cultural values in a country
B
In societies where trust is high, ________. A) people tend to be more future-oriented B) business costs are typically lower C) people tend to be more fatalistic D) family businesses are dominant
B
International businesspeople need to understand social stratification systems where they do business because ________. A) such systems reflect a culture's willingness to accept new products B) such systems indicate who people in a given culture will likely respect more C) the high similarity among countries lets firms effectively use global hiring practices D) what is an ascribed group membership in one country is an acquired one in another
B
Local content regulations are primarily intended to ________. A) address cultural differences between local employees and expatriates B) encourage MNEs to increase production activities in a country C) address contract negotiation difficulties D) assess local tax rates on MNEs
B
Logan Electronics has a production facility in Bolivia. Recently, the firm was taxed at a significantly higher rate than a local electronics company. Which type of political risk is Logan most likely experiencing? A) systemic B) procedural C) distributive D) catastrophic
B
Political systems based on the ________ paradigm, such as those of Japan and China, accept the principle that government may intervene to ensure that business practices benefit society. A) individualistic B) collectivistic C) pluralistic D) laissez-faire
B
Premium Manufacturing is planning to expand operations overseas. Executives at the firm are considering a number of different countries. Which of the following countries would most likely have the lowest start-up costs? A) India B) China C) Japan D) Guatemala
B
Recently, the Economist Intelligence Unit investigated the status of democracies around the globe. Relying on 60 indicators that focus on the performance of free elections, civil liberties, government functioning, political participation, and political culture in a country, the study found that ________. A) almost all of the world's democracies are full democracies B) nearly half of the world's democracies qualify as "full" or "flawed" democracies C) less than a quarter of the countries studied are outright authoritarian regimes D) most democracies are hybrid political systems that share theocratic and totalitarian characteristics
B
Studies indicate a strong correlation between the intensity of religious belief and ________. A) a desire to convert productivity gains into more leisure time B) an adherence to some attributes that lead to economic growth C) the belief that material success is related to salvation D) the degree of ethnocentrism exhibited in a culture
B
The march toward greater political freedoms and more expansive civil liberties, beginning in the 1970s, strongly fueled a sense of ________. A) less predictable operating conditions for companies B) the inevitability of democracy C) different rules for domestic versus international competition D) weaker property rights
B
The nation offers a workable reference for studying cultural differences because ________. A) a nation contains only one distinct culture B) similarity among people is both a cause and effect of national boundaries C) the commonality of language within a nation eases the process of conducting surveys D) different groups within the same country always have more in common with each other than with groups in other countries
B
When a company wishes to introduce change in a foreign country, its likelihood of success can most likely be improved by ________. A) introducing many changes simultaneously B) gaining the support of local opinion leaders C) agreeing to make some home-country changes in return D) employing expatriate managers to supervise local workers
B
Which of the following ideas holds that a government should NOT interfere in business affairs? A) collectivism B) laissez-faire C) the rule of man D) pluralism
B
Which of the following is NOT true about cultural diversity? A) Companies may gain competitive advantages by bringing together people of diverse backgrounds. B) Cultural diversity is most successful when domestic and foreign firms establish joint ventures. C) Cultural diversity may help a company gain deeper knowledge about products and services. D) The process of bringing people of different national cultures together is often difficult.
B
Which of the following is an example of an acquired group membership? A) national origin B) religion C) gender D) race
B
Which of the following is most likely a true statement regarding the rule of law? The rule of law is a hallmark of ________. A) a totalitarian government B) a democratic government C) societies that place ultimate power in the hands of one person D) countries that are considered "partly free"
B
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about culture? A) Cultural variables can easily be isolated from other factors such as economic and political conditions. B) Although most cultural variables are universal, the forms these variables take differ from culture to culture. C) Most cultural variables are superficial and can easily be influenced by environmental factors. D) Within a culture, everyone responds to particular cultural variables the same way.
B
Which of the following languages has the most native speakers? A) English B) Mandarin C) Spanish D) Hindi
B
Which of the following statements referring to intellectual property rights and violations is INCORRECT? A) Richer countries claim looser regulation of intellectual property rights will hinder innovation. B) Companies can register a global patent, trademark, or copyright through the World Trade Organization (WTO). C) The International Anti-Counterfeiting Coalition estimates international trade in counterfeit products at $600 billion a year. D) Developing markets claim tougher regulation of IPRs will slow, if not halt, their economic development.
B
________ political risks arise from political actions, such as public corruption or a partisan judicial system, that interfere with transactions between sellers and buyers and that can significantly raise the costs of getting things done. A) Systemic B) Procedural C) Catastrophic D) Distributive
B
Contact among countries brings about cultural change, which is a process called ________. A) cultural collision B) cultural imperialism C) cultural diffusion D) polycentrism
C
Which of the following is a true statement about China? A) The Chinese government's shift from communism to capitalism has led to an increase in FDI. B) China attracts FDI because the government has eliminated elaborate bureaucracies. C) The Chinese government manipulates market activities for political purposes. D) China lacks an educated pool of employees due to slowly developing industrialization.
C
Which of the following is characterized by low dependence on an organization and a desire for personal time, freedom, and challenges? A) collectivism B) democracy C) individualism D) anarch
C
Which of the following statements about the English language is most likely NOT true? A) The largest portion of global output is in English-speaking countries. B) A large portion of MNEs are headquartered in English-speaking countries. C) English is the official national language in most countries where FDI is encouraged. D) Many MNEs from non-English speaking countries use English as their operating language.
C
A firm that concentrates on national cultural differences in terms of averages is more likely to ________. A) underestimate market demands B) increase political risks C) seek cultural collision D) overlook outliers
D
A problem of using the nation as a reference point for culture is that ________. A) nations fail to mediate the different interests within their boundaries B) self-stereotypes tend to fall along national lines C) such an approach tends to be polycentric D) variations tend to be great within a country
D
A(n) ________ ideology is the system of ideas that expresses the goals, theories, and aims of how society should work. A) technological B) economic C) legal D) political
D
All of the following are reasons piracy has occurred EXCEPT ________. A) technology allows copyrighted material to be reproduced cheaply without much loss of quality B) some countries offer little protection for certain products C) in some cultures, people see little morally wrong in buying counterfeit goods D) the protection of intellectual property rights varies little from country to country
D
Although English is referred to as the "international language of business,"________. A) it is less frequently used than French in international business B) there is a growing disagreement over which version of English to use, e.g. British, American, or Australian C) companies headquartered outside English-speaking countries all use their official language as their operating language D) monolingual English speakers may experience more difficulty in the future in communicating on a worldwide basis
D
American hamburgers, Japanese sushi, Italian pizza, Mexican tacos, and Middle Eastern pita bread are now commonly found in most countries. This best supports the argument that ________. A) although visible expressions of culture are becoming homogenized, basic differences in societal values remain strong B) globalization fulfills lower order needs in Maslow's hierarchy C) cultural imperialism is increasingly widespread D) cultural hybridization is occurring
D
Assume a U.S. firm plans to expand into either Mexico, Germany, or Japan. Its executives are traveling to each country to meet with local businesspeople in the decision-making process. Which of the following would be LEAST beneficial when the executives make a presentation? A) requesting a translator with technical vocabulary knowledge B) simplifying vocabulary and terminology for the audience C) conducting back translations for written work D) avoiding repetition to prevent boredom
D
Assume a firm has operations in Tokyo, where there is a collectivist culture. Which of the following would most likely motivate the firm's Japanese employees? A) "employee-of-the-month" programs B) extensive vacation time C) on-the-job challenges D) good health benefits
D
Barkely Enterprises, a U.S. manufacturer, received assistance from the Overseas Private Investment Corporation when it expanded operations into Saudi Arabia. Which of the following types of support did Barkely most likely receive from OPIC? A) financial capital B) cultural training C) legal guidance D) political risk insurance
D
Based on the hierarchy-of-needs theory, in which of the following would fulfillment of lower-order needs be the best motivator? A) wealthy countries B) Protestant countries C) high femininity countries D) very poor countrie
D
Because people can be grouped or classified in many ways, such as on the basis of nationality, ethnicity, religion, profession, and income level, ________. A) people live in a state of cultural collision B) cultural studies fail to understand behaviors C) identity crises make individual's lives chaotic D) people have more than one cultural group membership
D
Harmon Clothing has a production facility located in Venezuela. Recently, Harmon has been unable to arrange for overseas loans due to the burdensome regulatory policies of the Venezuelan government. Which type of political risk is Harmon most likely experiencing? A) catastrophic B) distributive C) procedural D) systemic
D
In a country that emphasizes collectivism, ________. A) the interests of the individual are more important than the interests of the state B) one person or political party exercises absolute control over the political and economic systems C) the needs of society and the needs of individuals are treated as equally important D) the needs of society take precedence over individual freedoms
D
In a totalitarian political system, ________. A) political power resides with the citizens of the country B) governments direct most economic activity but few social ones C) an individualistic outlook shapes political debate and policy formation D) one agent monopolizes political power
D
In a(n) ________ culture, people tend to regard seemingly peripheral information as pertinent to decision making and infer meanings from things that people say either indirectly or casually. A) pragmatic B) idealistic C) fatalistic D) high-context
D
In the opening case on the Java Lounge in Saudi Arabia, Saudi businessmen engaged in chit-chat while drinking coffee at a café during the conduct of business. Which of the following was the most likely reason for their behavior? A) They are fatalistic, believing that the business outcome was predetermined. B) Their religious convictions kept them from discussing business over alcoholic drinks. C) They come from a polychronic culture that prefers to multitask. D) They come from a high-context culture in which small talk and seemingly unrelated information is important to decision making.
D
It is most accurate to say that within most nation's borders, people largely share such essential attributes as ________ and ________. A) work attitudes; occupations B) lifestyles; education level C) education level; ethnicity D) values; language
D
Jack, an American accounts manager, is preparing a presentation for a group of Japanese businesspeople. Jack's presentation would be most effective if he ________. A) told an opening joke to put everyone at ease B) used slang to create an informal atmosphere C) used long words to impress his counterparts D) budgeted extra time for translation and clarification
D
Most people's basic value system is ________. A) modified significantly between childhood and adulthood B) altered during adulthood through imposition C) affected primarily by teenage peer pressure D) acquired mainly during early childhood
D
Organizing work differently to improve productivity will likely fail ________. A) if the work force has a low tolerance for authoritarianism B) if workers participate in planning the improvement C) unless changes are compatible to competitor's practices D) if changes interfere with strongly held value systems
D
Rockwall Enterprises is planning to expand the firm by establishing operations outside of the U.S. In which of the following countries would Rockwall most likely be able to establish operations most quickly? A) Japan B) Brazil C) Germany D) Australia
D
Select the correct order, going from low to high total impact on an MNE, of the following types of political risk: (1) procedural political risks, (2) systemic political risks, (3) distributive political risks, (4) catastrophic political risks. A) 3, 2, 1, 4 B) 1, 2, 3, 4 C) 2, 3, 4, 1 D) 2, 1, 3, 4
D
The ________ of a country specifies the rules that regulate behavior, the processes by which laws are enforced, and the procedures used to resolve grievances. A) political system B) political philosophy C) philosophical orientation D) legal system
D
The approach a company takes when it bases foreign operations on an informed knowledge of its organizational culture along with home- and host-country needs, capabilities, and constraints is called ________. A) polycentrismD B) ethnocentrism C) neocentrism D) geocentrism
D
The more closed a society is, the more important ________ group membership is. A) acquired B) age-based C) education D) ascribed
D
U.S. companies monopolize much of the international entertainment media, which largely portrays U.S. products and lifestyles as glamorous and appealing. This situation would most likely be used as an example of ________. A) the stronger work ethic typical of developed countries B) the spread of high-context cultures C) cultural fragmentation D) cultural imperialism
D
Under the ________ form of totalitarianism, the regime confines itself to political control of the state. It does not regulate the economic and social structure of society. A) fascist B) communist C) theocratic D) authoritarian
D
Which of the following is NOT a component of modern legal systems? A) constitutional law B) criminal law C) commercial law D) private law
D
Which of the following is a condition that powered the worldwide spread of democracy from 1970 onward? A) Totalitarian regimes delivered acceptable economic progress to their populations. B) Economic advances caused contentment among the working class and minimized the need to push for democratic reforms. C) Many groups were able to successfully challenge the legitimacy of democratic systems. D) Information and communications technologies broke down the ability of the state to control access to uncensored information, especially that from foreign sources.
D
Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of a "partly free" country, such as Guatemala, Kenya, or Malaysia? A) strict religious constraints B) fair election procedures C) respect for civil liberties D) weak rule of law
D