Quiz 2 - Dr. Chitakure - History of the Church

72. What were the Crusades?

A series of Wars where both the Western and Eastern Churches took part against the Muslims between the 11th and 13th centuries. Their main aim was to free the Holy Land from Muslim control.

100. Which of the following was NOT a characteristic of an inquisitor according to Bernardo Gui?

Diligence Zeal for religious truth, salvation of souls, and end to heresy. Calmness. Never giving away to anger. Fearless Willingness to face danger up to death. Avoiding unreflective boldness. Insensitivity to the accused's prayers and persuasions. Patience to allow delays and relaxations. Circumspection in doubtful issues. A good listener. Avoiding envy and cruelty.

80. Why did the third crusaders fail to conquer Jerusalem?

Half the troops died of disease during the siege. The survivors lost morale. The king of France went home with his troops. Richard the Lionhearted slaughtered about 3,000 captives from Acre but failed to conquer Jerusalem.

21. One of the spiritual gifts that Saint Anthony had was ________?

He could heal He could read the soul to offer spiritual direction

98. Which group was NOT one of the targets of the Spanish Inquisition?

Recent Converts (Conversos) Jews Muslims

67. During the Ramadan fast what is not forbidden?

Should do acts of charity Read the Quran

78. Why did the First Crusaders kill many of the 40,000 people found in Jerusalem?

The rage and hysteria of victory. Soldiers' frenzy ignited and encouraged by the preachers. The desecration of Christian symbols by the Muslims. Fear of attack by an Egyptian support army. Indiscipline of the army. Failure to distinguish civilians from the combatants.

60. The Prophet Muhammad's first vision is known as ________ in Islam?

"Inaugural Vision"

30. One of the key characteristics of the Benedictine rule was ________?

1. Expectations of obedience to the abbot 2. Rules for fasting, prayer, and work 3. It also included the 12 steps of humility

28. One of the Benedictine 12 steps of humility is ________?

1. Fearing God 2. Leaving one's desires and renouncing one's will 3. Submitting to a superior 4. Quietly, embracing suffering 5. Laying out one's conscience to the abbot 6. Being content with low treatment 7. Being convinced one is inferior to all 8. Observing the rule strictly 9. Controlling the tongue 10. Not giving in to laughter readily 11. Speaking briefly and soberly 12. Keep one's head bowed, and eyes cast down

40. Which one of the following was one of the Cultural Causes of the Eastern Schism?

1. Language: The east used Greek and the West used Latin 2. Cultural temperament: Greeks were more philosophical, theoretic, and theological. Romans were practical, technological, and legal 3. Accusations of heresy: The Roman accused Greeks of being founders of most early Christian heresies 4. Superiority Complex: The Greeks were touchy and quick to take offence because they considered themselves superior to the Romans

18. One of the temptations that Saint Anthony experienced was ________?

1. Tried to lead him away from discipline 2. Brought back memories of his wealth 3. Suggested memories of his guardianship to his sister 4. Brought memories of the bonds of kinship 5. Reminded him of the love of money and glory 6. Manifold pleasure of food 7. The relaxations of life 8. The rigor of ascetic life

38. When was the Eastern Schism?

1054 AD

3. Which Church Council condemned Origen's teachings first?

2nd Council of Constantinople (553 AD)

57. In Islam, God is called ________?

Allah

58. The Prophet Muhammad's mother was ________?

Aminah

61. What was the name of the angel who was seen by the Prophet Muhammad in one of his visions?

Angel Gabriel "Jibril"

31. According to the Benedictine hospitality, who symbolizes Christ?

Any visitor to the Monastary

42. In the controversy concerning the primacy of the Pope, the Westerners argued that it was due to ________?

Apostolic Succession

24. Why did the monks of Vicovaro attempt to poison Saint Benedict of Nursia?

Because St. Benedict was too strict

96. Identify one of the populist inquisitors?

Bernardo Gui

70. In Islamic marriage who receives the bride wealth?

Bride

41. What did the term Caesaropapism mean, as far as the Eastern Schism was concerned?

Caesaropapism was the term used for the "Interference by emperors into church affairs".

16. What was Pachomius' favorite form of spiritual life?

Cenobitism (Community Life)

13. How did Origen define contemplation?

Contemplation Is the Discovery of God at the Core of one's soul.

7. According to Origen, in whose image were spiritual beings created?

Created after the image of God, the Logos

92. The Medieval Inquisition was a special ___________ tribunal established by the Council of Toulouse (1229).

Ecclesiastical

34. One of the Carolingian Reforms involved the promotion of ________?

Education

65. Muslims are supposed to pray at least ________ times per day?

Five (5) times a day.

59. Muslim men can marry up to how wives if they are able to love them equally?

Four (4)

47. What did Saint John Damascene compare images to?

He compared the images to the Gospel. He felt that: The Gospels were verbal accounts of the Lord's words and actions Icons were pictorial accounts If you reject the latter/icons, you are likely to reject the former Gospels.

14. What was Pachomius' occupation before he became a Christian?

He was in the Military - Army

10. Who fell furthest according to Origen?

Humans fell further than angels, however Demons fell the furthest

45. What name was given to those who condemned the use of images, statues, or pictures as idolatry?

Iconoclasts

20. Where did Saint Anthony see the vision of the heavenly light attacking the demons?

In the Village Church - St. Damian

55. Where was Islam founded?

Islam was founded in Mecca. Medina followed.

11. Origen used the analogy of a __________ to refer to spiritual life.

Israelites Exodus out of Egypt - Journey into the Desert

51. Whose relics were returned to Constantinople on November 27, 2004, by Pope John Paul II?

John Chrysostom and Gregory of Nazianzus

66. Which holy structure is found inside the Al Masjid Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca?

Kaʿbah

79. What is the other name given to the third Crusade?

Known as the Crusade of "Great Names"

54. Muslim sacred writings are known as ________?

Koran (Quran)

85. Who founded Manicheanism?

Mani

19. What kind of spiritual life did Saint Anthony favor?

Monasticism, isolated ascetic life, prayer and fasting

71. Until recently, Muslim women were allowed to vote everywhere except in ___?

Muslim women can vote everywhere except in Saudi Arabia

2. Where was Origen ordained as a priest?

Palestine

76. In Germany, who influenced about 40-50 thousand people to join the Crusade army?

Peter the Hermit

35. Who advocated for the Gregorian Reforms of the 11th century?

Pope Gregory VII

99. Which Pope denounced the exclusion of Jewish-Christians from political office in an attempt to stop the discrimination against Jews?

Pope Nicholas II

74. Who called for crusades in 1095, at the Council of Clermont?

Pope Urban II

52. Who was the founder of Islam?

Prophet Muhammad

62. Who was not one of the Prophet Muhammad's earliest converts?

Prophet Muhammad's earliest converts were: His wife "Kadijah" His cousin "Ali" "Abu-Baker" and a few other followers.

97. Which Queen was associated with the Spanish Inquisition?

Queen Isabella

77. What was the "Greek Treachery," during the First Crusade?

Right before the Turkish fortification of Nicaea was besieged, the Turks secretly surrendered to the Greeks, the Creek emperor then paid homage to the sultan, and the Greeks went to the Black Sea in pursuit of their former possessions. The Western commanders felt betrayed and resented and distrusted the Greeks.

27. Who wrote the Benedictine rule?

Saint Benedict of Nursia

26. Who was Saint Benedict's abbey sister?

Saint Scholastica

5. According to Origen, what cannot thwart the providence of God?

Sin

9. According to Origen, one of the causes of human fall was ________?

Sloth and Weariness to preserve the good Neglect for better things Withdrawal from the good

6. What did Origen teach about the origin of the soul?

Souls existed with God before the creation of this World Souls attained bodies after the fall He believed in the resurrection of the body Resurrected body would be spiritual

89. Advanced adherents of Manicheanism claimed to have what kind of baptism?

Spiritual Baptism / Consolamentum

15. For Pachomius, one of the two biggest challenges of anchorite life was ______?

Spiritual pride Lack of discretion/balance

1. Who was the first director of the Catechetical School at Alexandria?

St. Mark the Evangelist St. Justus the Erudite Pantaenus

43. What did the term Filioque, which was inserted into the Creed by the Spanish bishops, mean in relationship to the Trinity?

That the HOLY SPIRIT proceeded from the Father and the Son

64. Which one is not one of the five pillars of Islam?

The 5 Pillars of Islam are: 1. CONFESSION OF FAITH 2. PRAYER 3. FASTING 4. ALMSGIVING 5. PILGRIMAGE TO MECCA

32. The Benedictine monastic life did not involve ________?

The Benedictine Monastic Life included: Consisted of going to the chapel many times a day Chanting scriptures (psalms) Listening to classical spiritual readings Working Private prayers Private reading Eating and sleeping

50. Who discouraged the earliest attempts to reconcile the east and the west?

The Christians, Monks, and the Lower Clergy.

53. What is the symbol of Islam?

The Crescent Moon and Star

12. Which is NOT one of the elements of the spiritual return to God?

The Elements for the Spiritual Return to God are: The renunciation of sin. The struggle against the passions and demons. Participation and imitation in the life of Christ. The attainment of apatheia. Spiritual insights and discernment. This leads to Gnosis. Then contemplation and union with God.

33. Which country did not belong to the Holy Roman Empire?

The Holy Roman Empire consisted of the following Countries: Germany Netherlands Belgium Luxembourg Switzerland Austria Czech Slovak Republics Parts of Eastern France Northern Italy Slovenia Western Poland The Holy Roman Empire spanned central Europe between the kingdom of France to the west and the kingdoms of Hungary and Poland to the east. In the north it was bounded by the Baltic and North Seas and by the Danish kingdom; in the south, it reached to the Alps.

46. The hatred directed towards religious icons may have been influenced by which religions?

The Jewish and Muslims Religions because they are likely to lead to idolatry.

84. One of the Military Religious Orders was called ________?

The Knights Templar (The Order of the Temple of Solomon) The Knights Hospitallers (Order of the Hospital of Saint John)

25. Which early Benedictine monastery became the most famous in Western Christendom?

The Mount Cassino Monastery

86. What term is used to refer to the trial of the founder of Manicheanism?

The Passion of the Illuminator or Mani's Crucifixion

8. Who was the leader/head of the preexistent church, according to Origen?

The Preexistent Christ

49. What phrase appropriately describes the final break between the east and the west?

The Roman Church and the Orthodox Church; "Let them be Anathema" and "Let God be the Judge".

44. Why did the insertion of Filioque upset the Eastern church leaders?

The east was offended because: i) The phrase had come from the west ii) It altered the creed iii) It was illegal addition, not by a church council.

17. What is NOT true about Saint Anthony?

The following are TRUE statements about Saint Anthony: Is the greatest of early monastics The book, The Life of Antony, by St. Athanasius (296-373 AD) has his life story The biography spread far and influenced many St. Augustine was profoundly impressed when Fr. Simplicianus told him the story His wealthy parents died when he was 18/20 He became the guardian of his sister Took charge of family wealth Desired to be perfect Heard the Gospel in church (Sell what you have . . .Matt 19:21) Felt God was speaking to him directly Made provisions for his sister Sold his family's wealth Gave the money to the poor Sought direction from an elderly poor man He did manual work for him He prayed constantly He held night vigils and He fasted He slept on the ground He consulted prayer masters He was tempted by the Devil Who tried to lead him away from discipline Brought back memories of his wealth Suggested memories of his guardianship to his sister Brought memories of the bonds of kinship Reminded him of the love of money and glory Manifold pleasure of food The relaxations of life The rigor of ascetic life Moved away from town Lived among the tombs Gave himself wholly to prayer Received food alms from friends Beaten up by the demons A friend took him back to the village church In the Village Church he saw the roof being uplifted Saw a beam of heavenly light attacking the demons The demons vanished He asked, "Where were you? Why didn't you appear in the beginning, so that you could stop my distress?" Response from the voice, "I was here Anthony, but I waited to watch your struggle. And now, since you persevered and were not defeated, I will be your helper forever." Moved to the Desert and Mountain where: For the next 20 years, he lived along the Nile delta in an abandoned fortress Became radiant and appeared as if he had not aged Went to live up a mountain closer to the Red Sea He could heal He could read the soul to offer spiritual direction Had a vegetable garden

29. Which one is not one of the Benedictine instruments of good?

The following are The Instruments of Good: 1. In the first place, to love the Lord God with the whole heart, the whole soul, the whole strength 2. Love one's neighbor as oneself 3. Not to murder 4. Not to commit adultery 5. Not to steal 6. Not to covet 7. Not to bear false witness 8. To honor all (1 Peter 2:17) 9. And not to do to another what one would not have done to oneself 10. To deny oneself in order to follow Christ 11. To chastise the body 12. Not to become attached to pleasures 13. To love fasting 14. To relieve the poor 15. To clothe the naked 16. To visit the sick 17. To bury the dead 18. To help in trouble 19. To console the sorrowing 20. To become a stranger to the world's ways 21. To prefer nothing to the love of Christ, etc.

82. Which of the following is NOT a benefit of the Crusades?

The following are benefits of the Crusades: Inculturation (Arabic science and philosophy). Equality between men and women. The Crusades helped end feudalism in Western Europe Encouraged the extension of trade with the middle East. The establishment of the Franciscan and Dominican friars. Weakening of the Islamic power.

39. Which one of the following was NOT one of the long-term causes of the Eastern Schism?

The following are long term causes of the Eastern Schism: 1. The founding of Constantinople 2. Interference of politicians into religious matters 3. The isolation of the east because of the Barbarian migration into the Balkan Peninsula. They presented a barrier between east and west 4. Encroachment of the Muslims from the east 5. The need for self-preservation by the east which led the east to be static. 6. These built into about three factors: Cultural, Political, and Religious

68. Which one of the following is not a precondition of the Hajj?

The following are preconditions of the Hajj: Donning the Ihram Uttering the Talbiyah Entering the Haram Going to Mina Standing at "Arafat" Going to Muzdalifah Stoning the Pillars Performing the Sacrifice Making the Tawaf Kissing the Hajar al-Aswad (Black Stone) Making the Sa'y Returning to Mina Departure

83. Why were Military Religious Orders founded during the Crusades?

The following are reasons for founding the Military Order of the Crusades: To continue the crusade spirit. To ensure that the military gains would not be reversed. Widespread commitment to religious life. The need to take care of the immigrant sick.

63. Who is not one of the Rightly Guided Caliphs?

The following are the Rightly Guided Caliphs: 1. Abu Bakr As-Siddiq (632-634 CE) (father of Aisha, Muhammad's favorite wife). 2. Umar Ibn Al-Khattab (634-644 CE). 3. Uthman Bin Affan (644-656 CE). 4. Ali Bin Abu Talib (656-661 CE).

94. What did NOT constitute full proof during the Medieval Inquisition trials?

The following constituted FULL PROOF: Accused caught in the act. The accused confessing. The presence of two witnesses of a heretical act.

95. Which of the following was NOT one of the judgments by the inquisitors?

The following were Judgements by the Inquisitors: All people would be gathered for a ceremony and judgment. A short sermon would be preached. Would then announce the judgment Sentences could be: Suspended punishments. Fasting/pilgrimage/increased Mass attendance. Imprisonment. Wearing of crosses/uniforms. Burning at the stake. Given over to secular powers for execution.

81. Which of the following is NOT a cause of the failure of the Crusades?

The following were causes for the failure of the Crusades: The original zeal died out. Jerusalem was too far away from home. It was difficult to carry supplies and reinforcements from the West. The recapturing of Jerusalem by enemies discouraged Westerners. Inability by westerners to incorporate in eastern cultures. Ill-treatment of subjects. Westerners' brutality to the natives. Westerners didn't treat Christians with respect. Internal conflicts. Suspicion and mistrust of Byzantium by westerners.

36. Which was NOT one of the major concerns of the Gregorian Reforms?

The following were major concerns of the Gregorian Reforms: 1. Marriage of Priests 2. Simony 3. Chiefly Lay Investiture

75. Which was NOT one of the preparations/prerequisites for the Crusades?

The following were preparations / prerequisites for the Crusades: Approval by Parish Priest to join the armies. A special crusade vow was to be taken.

37. Which was NOT one of the rights that the Pope declared in the Dictatus Papae?

The following were right declared in the Dictatus Papae: 1. Depose bishops 2. Reinstate bishops 3. Transfer bishops 4. Depose emperors 5. Free the subjects from their rule

93. Why were the Friars put in charge of the Medieval Inquisition?

The friars were put in charge of it because of three reasons: Were educated. Were loyal to the Pope. Where not swayed by local interests.

73. Which one is NOT one of the immediate causes of the Crusades?

The immediate causes for the Crusades were: In the West the Turks under Caliph Hakim had started ill-treating Christians Restriction of movement. Imposed uniform clothing. Confiscation of Church property. Burning of crosses and churches. Building small mosques on church roofs. The destruction of the Church of Holy Sepulcher (1009). Beatings, robberies, and molestations.

88. What was NOT forbidden by Manicheanism?

These Are Things that were Forbidden: Any material things - they are corrupt Marriage Motherhood Family Flesh meat Eggs and Milk

91. Which of the following was NOT done by the Waldensians?

These were things DONE by Waldensians: Traveled to preach two by two Poorly dressed Barefooted Wore wooden sandals Occasionally criticized the wealthy and the clergy

90. What was the primary aim of the Waldensians?

To restore the Gospel poverty and simplicity.

22. What was the main goal of the early hermits?

To seek perfection as God our Father is Perfect.

56. Which of the following is not a holy city according to the Sunni?

To the Sunnis, the following are Holy Cities: Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Najaf and Karbala are not Holy Cities according to the Sunnis.

87. Manicheanism postulated the existence of how many gods?

Two gods, one good and the other bad

4. One of the charges against Origen was that he taught about ________?

Universal Salvation (Apokatastasis) Pre-existence of Souls

23. Saint Benedict of Nursia was gifted with ________?

Was gifted with healing and prophecy

69. The well that is associated with Hagar and Ismael is called ________?

Well of Zamzam

48. What caused the final break between the east and the west?

When Southern Italy was colonized by the Normans a tribe of the Vikings in 1054, and they demanded the Roman Liturgy in their Churches.