Quiz 2: Normal Postural Control
which sensory system?: reference to verticality and motion of the head
visual
for the most accurate data, how many sensory systems are needed?
3
____________________ strategy: used when surface is firm and perturbations are small
ankle
where do vestibular nuclei live?
brainstem
Postural control: being able to control the body's position in space, focusing on both _________________ and ___________________
stability and orientation
___________________: the boundaries in which the body can maintain balance/equilibrium without needing to change the BOS
stability limits
what's an example of static equilibrium?
standing
changes in postural responses in different sensory conditions are due to changes in sensory ______________
weights
postural stability is also referred to as ___________________
balance
Canvestibular information on its own provide all postural data?
no
Do unstable or moving surfaces provide helpful information?
no
is postural control regulated by a single system?
no
is visual input required in all circumstances?
no
_________: the area of the body that is in contact with the supporting surface
BOS
What organizes sensory information received from visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems to determine the position of the body in space and with respect to gravity?
CNS
_______: the virtual projection of the COM
COG
The body is considered to be in a state of equilibrium when its ___________ is kept over its _________
COM, BOS
__________________: center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface
COP
The COM is typically around which structure?
S2
what are the 3 systems used to orient the body (posture)?
Visual, Vestibular, and somatosensory
what goes first, anticipatory postural control OR voluntary movement?
anticipatory postural control
what structure is responsible for feedforward and feedback control?
cerebellum
Ankle strategy: proximal to distal OR distal to proximal?
distal to proximal
postural stability: the ability to maintain the body in a state of ____________________
equilibrium
Ankle strategy: FORWARD SWAY. what's the order of muscle activation?
gastroc, hamstrings, and paraspinals
____________________ strategy: used with softer or less firm surface and larger perturbations
hip
Hip strategy: FORWARD SWAY. What's the order of muscle activation?
paraspinals, abdominals, hamstrings, and quads
__________________________: the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and between the body and the environment for a task
postural orientation
which type of balance?: ability to activate muscles in the legs and trunk for balance control in advance of potentially destabilizing voluntary movements
proactive/anticipatory
Hip strategy: proximal to distal OR distal to proximal?
proximal to distal
which type of balance?: ability to recover a stable position following an unexpected perturbation.
reactive
If a sense isn't providing accurate information, it's weight is (increased/reduced)
reduced
which sensory system?: position and motion information about the body with reference to the supporting surface
somatosensory
which sensory system?: relationship of body segments to one another
somatosensory
which type of balance?: ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable and non-changing conditions
steady state
____________________ strategy: used when surface is very pliable and perturbations move COM beyond BOS
stepping
postural control depends on the ___________, _____________, and _______________.
task, individual, and environment
Ankle strategy: BACKWARD SWAY. What's the order of muscle activation?
tibialis anterior, quads, and abdominals
which sensory system?: position and movement of head with respect to gravity and inertial forces
vestibular
which sensory system?: position and motion of the head with respect to surrounding objects
visual
what's an example of dynamic equilibrium?
walking
can people shift between the three strategies of balance?
yes
