Quiz 2: Normal Postural Control

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which sensory system?: reference to verticality and motion of the head

visual

for the most accurate data, how many sensory systems are needed?

3

____________________ strategy: used when surface is firm and perturbations are small

ankle

where do vestibular nuclei live?

brainstem

Postural control: being able to control the body's position in space, focusing on both _________________ and ___________________

stability and orientation

___________________: the boundaries in which the body can maintain balance/equilibrium without needing to change the BOS

stability limits

what's an example of static equilibrium?

standing

changes in postural responses in different sensory conditions are due to changes in sensory ______________

weights

postural stability is also referred to as ___________________

balance

Canvestibular information on its own provide all postural data?

no

Do unstable or moving surfaces provide helpful information?

no

is postural control regulated by a single system?

no

is visual input required in all circumstances?

no

_________: the area of the body that is in contact with the supporting surface

BOS

What organizes sensory information received from visual, vestibular, and somatosensory systems to determine the position of the body in space and with respect to gravity?

CNS

_______: the virtual projection of the COM

COG

The body is considered to be in a state of equilibrium when its ___________ is kept over its _________

COM, BOS

__________________: center of the distribution of the total force applied to the supporting surface

COP

The COM is typically around which structure?

S2

what are the 3 systems used to orient the body (posture)?

Visual, Vestibular, and somatosensory

what goes first, anticipatory postural control OR voluntary movement?

anticipatory postural control

what structure is responsible for feedforward and feedback control?

cerebellum

Ankle strategy: proximal to distal OR distal to proximal?

distal to proximal

postural stability: the ability to maintain the body in a state of ____________________

equilibrium

Ankle strategy: FORWARD SWAY. what's the order of muscle activation?

gastroc, hamstrings, and paraspinals

____________________ strategy: used with softer or less firm surface and larger perturbations

hip

Hip strategy: FORWARD SWAY. What's the order of muscle activation?

paraspinals, abdominals, hamstrings, and quads

__________________________: the ability to maintain an appropriate relationship between body segments and between the body and the environment for a task

postural orientation

which type of balance?: ability to activate muscles in the legs and trunk for balance control in advance of potentially destabilizing voluntary movements

proactive/anticipatory

Hip strategy: proximal to distal OR distal to proximal?

proximal to distal

which type of balance?: ability to recover a stable position following an unexpected perturbation.

reactive

If a sense isn't providing accurate information, it's weight is (increased/reduced)

reduced

which sensory system?: position and motion information about the body with reference to the supporting surface

somatosensory

which sensory system?: relationship of body segments to one another

somatosensory

which type of balance?: ability to control the COM relative to the BOS in fairly predictable and non-changing conditions

steady state

____________________ strategy: used when surface is very pliable and perturbations move COM beyond BOS

stepping

postural control depends on the ___________, _____________, and _______________.

task, individual, and environment

Ankle strategy: BACKWARD SWAY. What's the order of muscle activation?

tibialis anterior, quads, and abdominals

which sensory system?: position and movement of head with respect to gravity and inertial forces

vestibular

which sensory system?: position and motion of the head with respect to surrounding objects

visual

what's an example of dynamic equilibrium?

walking

can people shift between the three strategies of balance?

yes


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