Environmental Science Exam

gases, water

A scrubber is a machine that moves ___________ through a spray of _______________ that removes many pollutants.

Underground Mine fires

A serious hazard of coal mining that can ignite and possibly burn for years are/is ____________________.

Hydroelectric

A tidal power plant works much like a(n) ____________________ power plant.

20, Methane

About ____________________ percent of the world's nonrenewable energy comes from natural gas, or ____________________.

water

Acid mine drainage is contaminated ______________ that results when acid dissolves toxic minerals that exist in mine waste.

The United States

Almost half of the acid precipitation that falls in southeastern Canada results from Pollution produced in ________________.

increased rainfall

An Effect of El Nino is ________________ in the southern part of the United States.

thermal energy conversion

An alternative energy technology that uses the temperature difference between layers of water to generate electricity is ocean ______________________________.

quarry

An open pit used to mine minerals near the surface is called a ________________.

Host, Vector

An organism in which a pathogen lives all or part of its life is a(n) ____________________, whereas an organism that transmits a disease-causing organism to humans is a(n) ____________________.

pH

Aquatic animals are adapted to live in an environment within a particular _____________ range.

Wilderness

Areas that are protected from development and environmental damage are known as ______________ areas.

heavy metals

Arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury are examples of pollutants called ____________________.

amphibians

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, scientists believe that _____________ including frogs, toads and salamanders will especially be vulnerable to increase UV radiation.

Phytoplankton

As a result of the destruction of stratospheric ozone, single cell organisms called _____________________ that live near the oceans surface can be killed by increased UV radiation.

Rural

As opposed to urban land, ______________ land contains relatively few people.

heat

Cities generate and trap ________________ causing increased temperatures.

remains of plants, swamps

Coal forms from the _________________________ that lived in _________________________ hundreds of millions of years ago.

Vectors

Construction of irrigation canals and dams has encouraged the spread of infectious diseases by increasing the habitat for ____________________ such as mosquitoes and snails.

threshold

Exposure to any amount of a chemical that is less than the ____________________ dose has no adverse effect on health.

Infrastructure

Fire stations, roads and bridges are examples of ___________________.

nuclei, nuclei, high concentrations

For fusion to occur, atomic _________________________ must be heated to extremely high temperatures and the _________________________ must be maintained at _________________________ and properly contained.

Native elements

Gold, silver, and copper that occur in elemental form are called __________________.

braking

Hybrid cars convert some of the energy of ____________________ into electricity.

moving water

Hydroelectric energy is electricity generated from ____________________.

electricity

Hydrogen gas can be produced by using ____________________ to split molecules of water.

Rise

If polar ice masses melt as a result of global warming, sea levels will _________________.

Carbon Dioxide

One of the most important ecosystem services provided by forests is removing ___________________ from the atmosphere.

erosion

One serious consequence of global warming a rise in sea levels could result in ___________ of beaches.

Veins

Ore deposits formed in cracks in rocks are called ________________.

Clouds

Particulates can form ___________________ that reduce visibility and cause a variety of respiratory problems.

Heat

Passive solar heating uses energy from the sun to ____________________ a home directly.

120

Permanent deafness results from continuous or long-term exposure to sounds over _______________ decibels.

Pesticides

Pollutants that are used in agriculture and landscaping and might cause nerve damage, birth defects, and cancer in humans are ____________________.

Particulates

Pollutants that cause health problems because they become trapped in the tiny air sacs in the lungs (causing irritation) are called _________________________.

water

Pollution can cause illness indirectly because many pathogens breed in or are spread by polluted ____________________.

Zooplankton

Populations of tiny shrimp like animals known as _______________ may be reduced by global warming.

models

Powerful computers are required to to preform the calculations for scientists to develop climatic _____________.

granite bedrock

Radon is a radioactive gas that can become concentrated in buildings after it seeps in from _________________________.

Uranium

Radon is one of the elements produced by the decay of _______________, a radioactive element that occurs naturally in the Earth's Crust.

United States and Canada

Residents of the ____________________ and ____________________ enjoy some of the lowest gasoline taxes in the world.

Overburden

Rocks that cover coal seams near the surface are called _________________.

Primary, Primary

Secondary Pollutants form when a ___________ Pollutant comes into contact with other ______________ pollutants, or with naturally occurring substances such as water vapor, and a chemical reaction takes place.

Warm, tightly sealed

Sick building syndrome is most common in ____________ climates where buildings are ___________________ to keep out heat.

Sunlight

Smog results from chemical reactions that involve ______________, automobile exhaust, ozone.

Photovoltaic Cells

Solar cells are also called _________________________.

Soluble

Solution mining is an economical mining method if mining ores are _________________ in water.

tetrachloroethylene

Some indoor air pollutants include ___________ from dry cleaning fluid.

agency

State _____________ issues violate to mining companies that do not comply with regulations.

Ozone

Stratospheric _________________ is destroyed by chlorine atoms released from CFC's.

desert

Strong circulating winds over antartica known as the _______________ play a role in the formation of the polar stratospheric clouds.

Clogs

Sulfur Dioxide in water vapor ______________ the openings on the surfaces of plants.

Polar Vortex

Sulfur oxide in the upper atmosphere can lead to the formation of ______________ that can reduce the amount of sunlight reaching the surface of the earth.

Environmental Protection Agency

The Clear Air Act passed in 1970 and strengthened in 1990, gives the __________________ the authority to regulate vehicle emissions in the United States.

Circulation

The _____________ of air in the atmosphere usually keeps air pollution from reaching dangerous levels.

Montreal Protocol

The ________________ is a international agreement that limits CFC production.

Kyoto Protocol

The _________________ is an international agreement that seeks to limit CO2 emissions from developed countries.

Greenhouse Effect

The ____________________ is a process by which the atmosphere traps heat that is radiated from Earth's Surface.

Lead

The chemical found in old paint and gasoline that can cause brain damage and learning problems is ____________________.

Contaminants

The clean water act and safe drinking act ensure that _____________ from mines to do not threaten water quality.

Response

The damage to health that results from exposure to a given dose is called ____________________.

Chlorine

The development of an ozone hole over the poles is a result of human activities and begins with molecular ___________ from chlorofluorcarbons is released into the atmosphere and collects on polar stratospheric clouds.

power plant, distribution grid

The electricity that powers the lights in a house was generated at a(n) _________________________ and then carried to the user through a(n) _________________________.

Selective Cutting

The environmentally preferred method of harvesting trees is ____________________.

Wind power

The fastest growing source of energy in the world is ____________________.

YellowStone

The first national park in the united states was ___________________.

Ore deposit

The first step in finding a _______________ is exploring rock for mineralization.

nucleus, 1 million

The forces that hold together the ____________________ of an atom are more than ____________________ times stronger than the chemical bonds between atoms.

radioactive, thousands of years

The fuel cycle of uranium produces fission products that can remain dangerously _________________________ for _________________________.

emerging

The hanta virus and Ebola virus are examples of ____________________ viruses.

Reclamation

The land recovery process required operators is called _______________.

acidic, basic

The lower the pH number is the more ___________ a substance is. The higher the pH number is the more ________________ a substance is.

Metallic

The minerals that conduct electricity well are called _______________.

Wilderness

The most protected public lands are ________________ areas.

Urbanization

The movement of people from rural areas to cities is called _______________.

soil erosion

The negative consequences of harvesting trees using the clear cut method are ____________ and wildlife habitat destruction.

Reforestation

The opposite of deforestation is ______________________.

energy

The price of nearly every product or service that you use reflects the cost of ____________________.

Smelting

The process where crushed ore is melted at high temps to separate impurities from molten metal is called ______________________.

Cogeneration

The production of two useful forms of energy from the same fuel source is called ____________________.

Subsidence

The sinking of regions of the ground with little or no horizontal movement is called _____________________.

Climate

The statement "Cool summers cold winters with lots of snow" describes ______________.

Weather

The statements "It's hot and sunny today" describes ___________________.

Energy content, cost, availability, safety, byproducts

The suitability of a fuel for each application depends on ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________.

Active Solar heating

The technology that uses solar collectors to gather energy from the sun is known as _________________________.

Children, disease

Those people who are most at risk from ground level ozone include _______________, adults who exercise or work outdoors, older people and people who suffer from respiratory _________________.

remain presistant

Though CFC production has been cut back the threat of stratospheric continues because CFC's _______________ in the atmosphere for decades.

Alternative

Tidal power, hydrogen fuel cells, and ocean thermal energy conversion are sources of ____________________ energy.

prevailing

Trade winds, westerlies and polar easterlies are examples of ___________ winds.

Compound

Two or more atoms chemically bonded together form a ________________.

biomass

Using gasohol or ethanol from corn in vehicles is an example of using ____________________ fuel.

air, quality

Ventilation or mixing outdoor ____________ with indoor, is necessary for good air ______________.

Greenhouse gases

Water Vapor and carbon dioxide help trap heat in the atmosphere near the earth's surface so they are called _______________________.

High sulfur, low sulfur

When ____________________, low-grade coal is burned, it releases much more pollution than ____________________ bituminous coal does.

Methane

When bacteria decompose organic wastes, one by-product is ____________________, which can be burned to generate heat and electricity.

sulfur, nitrogen

When fossil fuels are burned, they release oxides of __________________ and _______________.

radioactivity

When operated properly, nuclear plants release less ____________________ than coal-fired power plants do.

habitats

Wildlife _________________ are protected by the Endangered species act.

Electric energy

Wind turbines convert the movement of the wind into _________________________.

sun, sunlight, solar energy

Wind, plant growth, and the water cycle are powered by ____________________.

double, natural gas

If we could recover just 1 percent of the methane hydrate around the United States, we could more than ____________________ our supply of ____________________, a clean-burning fuel that produces little pollution except for carbon dioxide.

Bond Forfeiture program

In a ______________, a mining company is required to post funds before beginning a project

biosphere reserve

In a _________________ humans and wildlife live side by side.

control rods, fission reactions

In a nuclear reactor, when the _________________________ are lowered between the fuel rods, they slow the _________________________.

Dust Particles

In an electrostatic precipitator, gas containing __________________ is blown through a chamber containing an electric current.

all

In clear cutting, ___________ trees are removed from an area.

Mosquito

In order for people to get malaria, they must be bitten by an infected ____________________.

Electrical, electricity

In order to power machines, the energy in fuels is often converted into ____________________ energy, because ____________________ is more convenient to use.

medium sized and mature

In selective cutting, _____________ trees are removed from an area.

Public Lands

In the United States all citizens share onwnership of __________________.

12

In the United States each person uses the ecosystem services provided by more than _______________ hectares of land and water.

Probability

In the case of humans, risk is the ____________________ of suffering a disease, injury, or death.

engines, gasoline, smog

Internal combustion ____________________ in vehicles that burn ____________________ pollute the air in many cities. These pollutants contribute to the formation of ____________________.

Marginal

Land that is poorly suited for building is considered _________________land.

Rangeland

Land that is used to graze livestock is known as ___________________.

dumps

Large piles of excess rock from mines are called ____________________________.

Volcanic Eruption

Large quantities of gaseous sulfur dioxide can reach the upper atmosphere following a _____________________.

Emphysema

Long-term effects on health that have been linked to air pollution include _____________, lung cancer, and heart disease.

Jobs

Many people move to cities in search of ________________.

Electricity

Metallic minerals conduct _______________.

atoms

Minerals are made up of ________________ that are arranged in a regular repeating geometric pattern.

greenbelts

Moderation of temp infiltration of rainwater runoff and aesthetic value can be provided to urban areas by _________________.

Overgrazing

Most damage to rangeland comes from ________________.

Waste Disposal

Much of the pollution in our environment is a byproduct of inadequate _________________________.

Rooms

Networks of entries in subsurface coal mines are called ________________.

oil reserves, production, 2010

No large ____________________ have been discovered in the past decade, and geologists predict that oil ____________________ from fields accessible from land will peak in about ____________________.

Gemstones

Nonmetallic minerals prized mainly for their beauty rarity or durability are called ___________________.

acidic, carbonic acid

Normal precipitation is slightly ____________________ because atmospheric carbon dioxide dissolves in the precipitation and forms ________________.

neutrons, uranium nuclei

Nuclear fission releases a tremendous amount of energy and more _________________________, which in turn collide with more _________________________.

Marine Organisms, ocean

Oil and natural gas result from the decay of ______________________________ that accumulated on the ______________________________ floor millions of years ago.

folds, faults and salt domes

Oil is found in and around major geologic features, such as ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________, that tend to trap oil as it moves in Earth's crust.

Pressure vessel, cooling fluid

A nuclear reactor is surrounded by a thick _________________________ that is filled with a(n) _________________________.

Electricity

A photovoltaic cell converts the sun's energy into ____________________.

Global Warming

A predicted increase in Earth's average temp caused by human activities and the subsequent release of gases such as carbon dioxide is known as _________________.

Desert

A _________________ is often found on the inland side of a mountain range.

increased

A continuous record from Mauna Hawaii reveals that annual average atmospheric CO2 concentrations have ___________________ since 1958.

Oil reserve, oil deposit

A distinction can be made between a(n) ____________________, which is an oil deposit that has been discovered and is commercial, and ____________________ that are yet to be discovered or made commercial.

Dredge

A floating barge on which buckets fixed onto a conveyer excavate sediments is called a ____________________.

energy efficiency

A good way to increase the _________________________ of a home is to increase the amount of insulation.

Geographic information system

A land-use planner might use a tool known as _____________ to determine where to locate a new mall.

Sulfur

A major source of pollution when coal is burned is ____________________.

Flux

A material that bonds with impurities and separates them from molten metal during smelting is called _________________.

automobiles, tailpipe

Catalytic converters which are required in _________________, remove pollutants from exhaust gases before the gases exit through the _________________.

downwind

Because acid precipitation falls, ___________________ the problem of solving acid precipitation has been difficult especially at the international level.

Rural

Before 1850 most people lived in ______________ areas.

stream placers

Bends in rivers often have _____________.

coal dust

Black lung disease is caused by ____________________.

Mass Transit system

Buses and trains are examples of ______________________.

wasted, space

Energy is _______________ when light is directed upward into the night sky and lost into _____________________.

Conserve

Carpooling and taking public transportation are ways people can ____________________ energy.

Persistent

DDT is known as a(n) ____________________ pesticide because it breaks down slowly in the environment.

DNA

Damage to ____________ in cells of living organisms is caused by exposure to UV radiation.

Commercial, Sport

Decrease in numbers in fish caused by the acidification of lakes and streams can influence the livelihood of ______________ fisherman and people involved in___________________ fishing.

Oil drilling technology, expensive

Deep ocean oil reserves may be tapped in the future, but unless ______________________________ improves, oil from the deep ocean will be much more ______________________________ than oil produced on land.

Thin

Deforestation is particularly harmful in tropical rain forests because the soil is ____________________.

El Nino

During a _______________ period, winds push warm water eastward in the Pacific Ocean.

Fuel Cell

Electricity is produced chemically when hydrogen and oxygen are combined in a(n) ____________________.

Catalytic Converters

Emissions regulations and technology such as _________________________ have reduced air pollution from internal combustion engines in many areas.

Renewable

Energy from sources that are constantly being formed is ____________________ energy.

Alternative

Energy from sources that are still in development is ____________________ energy.