Quiz 3: Cognitive Development

Around what age can most infants focus their vision, converge both eyes on the same object at the same time, and coordinate both eyes to track a moving object at the same time?

6 months

Which of the following is/are examples of perceptual narrowing?

All of these are examples of perceptual narrowing.

Studies examining infants' early number concepts have found young infants:

CAN quickly determine the number of items in a set without counting and CAN tell the difference between 'more and less.'

__________ is an example of a physical stimulus characteristic relating to infants' visual preferences, whereas __________ is an example of a psychological stimulus characteristic relating to infants' visual preferences.

Curvilinearity; familiarity

__________ refers to the fact that infants spend less time looking at a stimulus the longer that stimulus is presented, whereas __________ refers to when an infant regains attention after an old (or familiar) stimulus is replaced with a new stimulus.

Habituation; dishabituation

__________ measures of cognition capture aspects of cognition that are unconscious and cannot be expressed verbally.

Implicit

Which of the following is true regarding infants ability to process music?

Infants distinguish "good" melodies from "bad" melodies.

Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding infants' processing of faces?

Infants don't seem to notice if a face is attractive or not.

Which of the following statements is true regarding newborn vision?

Newborns can perceive light, but cannot focus their vision.

__________ are basic units of speech, and infants __________ born with the ability to perceive most (or all) of these speech units found in all human languages.

Phonemes; are

Researchers who argue infants possess core knowledge are arguing that infants:

are born with systems of knowledge that have been shaped by natural selection.

Studies with infants that use measures of non-nutritive sucking:

first establish an infants' baseline rate of sucking and then train infants to increase or decrease their rate of sucking to hear an auditory stimulus.

Studies examining infants' object representation have indicated:

infants are not surprised that an object looks different when it is close and far.

As articulated by Richard Aslin's Goldilocks effect:

infants look longest at visual stimuli that are neither too simple nor too complex.

Perceptual narrowing refers to the fact that:

infants use their experiences to become specialists in perceiving stimuli relevant to their species and culture.

Research using the visual preference paradigm with infants tells us that:

infants' vision is guided by perceptual biases to attend to certain kinds of visual information.

When infants prefer to watch a video that matches the sound track they are hearing, they are demonstrating __________; and when infants learn about how an object feels by looking at that object (rather than touching it), they are demonstrating __________.

intersensory integration; intersensory matching

The violation-of-expectation research method:

measures infants' reactions to unexpected events.

Hearing is functional before birth (in utero), and infants less than 1 week old:

recognize their mothers' voice.

Regarding the types of basic perceptual abilities that young infants have:

young infants' senses of smell and taste are more developed than their sense of vision.