Quiz 4: OB/Peds/SpecPops

After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within:

2 seconds

Determine the Apgar score in the following scenario: You arrive at the scene of a home delivery. Upon entering the scene, the father appears upset and hands you a limp baby. The child has a weak cry, is completely cyanotic, and has a pulse of 70 beats/min. Respirations are slow.

3

A person is said to be obese when he or she is _________ over his or her ideal weight.

30% or more

Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _______ years

6

You have just delivered a baby boy. His body is pink, but his hands and feet are blue. His heart rate is approximately 110 beats/min and his respirations are rapid and irregular. He has a weak cry when stimulated and resists attempts to straighten his legs. His Apgar score is:

8

With regard to the legal implications of child abuse:

EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse

signs and symptoms of preeclampsia include:

Headache and edema

Which of the following is NOT generally considered an obstetrical emergency?

Return of contractions following delivery of the baby

When explaining the need for a particular procedure to an elderly patient, you should:

Use plain language and simple terms

Which of the following would be the MOST practical method of communicating with a hearing-impaired patient until his or her hearing aids can be located?

Using a piece of paper and writing utensil to ask questions

Spina bifida is defined as:

a birth defect caused by incomplete closure of the spinal column

EMTs are dispatched for a fall. The patient, a 16-year-old female with Down syndrome, is experiencing difficulty walking and says that her fingers "feel like needles." The EMTs should suspect:

a cervical spine injury

Spina bifida is a developmental defect in which:

a portion of the spinal cord or meninges protrudes outside of the vertebrae

An 84-year-old male fell a week ago and has been bedridden since then. Today, he presents with an altered mental status. His skin is pale and cold and his respirations are rapid and shallow. The EMT should suspect:

a systemic infection

Down syndrome is a genetic defect that occurs as the result of:

a triplication of chromosome 21

premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall is known as:

abrupto placenta

An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with:

absent urine output

A 70-year-old man complains of sudden onset difficulty breathing. He has dried blood on his lips and is very anxious. His left leg is red, swollen, and painful. The EMT should:

administer high-flow oxygen

You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. The patient, an 18-month-old female, is tachypneic, has sternal retractions, and is clinging to her mother. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes:

administering blow-by oxygen and transporting the child with her mother

A specific legal document that directs relatives and caregivers regarding the medical treatment that may be given to patients who cannot speak for themselves is called a:

advanced directive

A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by:

age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact

According to the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA):

all health care facilities must provide a medical assessment and required treatment, regardless of the patient's ability to pay

Pupillary response in pediatric patients may be abnormal in the presence of all of the following except:

anxiety

During your visual inspection of a 25-year-old woman in labor, you see the baby's head crowning at the vaginal opening. What should you do?

apply gentle pressure to the baby's head as it delivers

Patients who have experienced even minor-appearing head injuries should be suspected of having a brain injury, especially if they:

are taking blood-thinning medications

When faced with a situation in which an older patient with a terminal illness is in cardiac arrest, but written documentation regarding the patient's wishes cannot be located, the EMT should:

attempt to resuscitate the patient

When assessing or providing care to a patient with an intellectual disability, you should:

be observant for signs of fear or reluctance from the patient

The vagina and the neck of the uterus comprise the:

birth canal

A 5-year-old child has had severe vomiting and diarrhea for 4 day. Which of the following assessment findings would be the MOST indicative of decompensated shock?

blood pressure of 70/40 mm Hg

Cerebral palsy is characterized by poorly controlled _________ movement.

body

The ONLY indications for placing your gloved fingers in the vagina during delivery are:

breech presentation and prolapsed umbilical cord

The umbilical cord:

carries oxygen to the baby via the umbilical vein

Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature:

caused by the inability of the body to cool itself

According to the "E" in the DOPE mnemonic, which of the following actions should you perform to troubleshoot inadequate ventilation in a patient with a tracheostomy tube?

check the mechanical ventilator for malfunction

With age, the spine stiffens as a result of shrinkage of the intervertebral disc spaces, and the vertebrae become brittle. This increases the risk of:

compression fractures

Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse?

consistency in the method of injury reported by the caregiver

A viral infection that may cause obstruction of the upper airway in a child is called:

croup

Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT:

cyanosis

the slow onset of progressive disorientation, shortened attention span, and loss of cognitive function is known as:

dementia

the purpose of a ventricular peritoneum shunt is to:

divert excess cerebrospinal fluid to the ventricles of the brain

A history of pelvic inflammatory disease or tubal ligations increase a woman's risk for:

ectopic pregnancy

A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. His mother states that she saw him put a small toy into his mouth before the episode began. The child is conscious, obviously frightened, and is coughing forcefully. You should:

encourage him to cough, give oxygen as tolerated, and transport

Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis?

females

When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial or ________ pulse.

femoral

Following delivery of a full-term baby, you have properly cared for the baby and have clamped and cut the umbilical cord. During transport, you note that the mother is experiencing moderate vaginal bleeding. You should:

firmly massage the uterine fundus in circular motions

Immediate transport is indicated for a child when he or she:

has a history compatible with a serious illness

Patients with autism:

have extreme difficulty with complex tasks that require many steps

The reduction in brain weight and volume increases an older person's risk for:

head trauma

A 75-year-old woman complains of shortness of breath. Which of the following findings should alert the EMT to the possibility of a pulmonary embolism?

history of deep vein thrombosis

Causes of infant death that may be mistaken for SIDS include all of the following, EXCEPT:

hyperglycemia

You are assessing a 70-year-old female who complains of intense thirst, frequent urination, and dizziness. She has a history of type 2 diabetes, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and gout. Her blood glucose reads "high." She is conscious, but confused. Her blood pressure is 92/52 mm Hg, her pulse rate is 130 beats/min and weak, and her respirations are 22 breaths/min and shallow. This patient's clinical presentation is MOST consistent with:

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome

Which of the following are normal physiologic changes that occur in the mother's respiratory system during pregnancy?

increased respiratory rate and decreased respiratory reserve

EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. When they arrive, they find the mother holding her child. She advises that the child became limp, blue, and stopped breathing. Assessment reveals that the infant is conscious and crying, and has good muscle tone and pink skin color. The mother states that she will take her child to the doctor. The EMTs should:

inform that mother that, although the event. seems to have resolved, transport via EMS is advisable

The amniotic fluid serves to:

insulate and protect the fetus

Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the:

intercostal muscles are not well developed

An abdominal aortic aneurysm:

is often the result of hypertension and atherosclerosis

By placing one hand on top of your head and the other hand over your abdomen, you are asking a hearing-impaired patient if he or she:

is sick

Which of the following statements regarding depression is true?

it is diagnosed three times more commonly in women than in men

Motor nerve neuropathy is characterized by:

loss of balance, muscle weakness, and spasms.

Because hearing-impaired patients typically have more difficulty hearing high-frequency sounds, it is important for you to:

lower the pitch of your voice

A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. He is conscious, but his level of activity is decreased. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. The infant's heart rate is 140 beats/min and his anterior fontanelle appears to be slightly sunken. You should suspect:

moderate dehydration

Which of the following statements regarding autism is correct?

most cases of autism are diagnosed by 3 years of age

Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury?

nausea and vomiting

Which of the following assessment findings should concern the EMT the MOST when assessing a child who experienced a seizure?

neck stiffness

After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should:

not rule out compensated shock

A drop in blood pressure with a change in position is referred to as:

orthostatic hypotension

Fractures of the pelvis in older patients often occur as the result of a combination of:

osteoporosis and low-energy trauma

Which of the following statements regarding patients with intellectual disabilities is correct?

patients with intellectual disabilities are susceptible to the same disease processes as other patients

A 26-year-old female who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing a seizure. Her husband tells you that her blood pressure has been high and that she had been complaining of a headache for the past few days. You should:

place her on her side, administer high-flow oxygen, and transport

General techniques for communicating with hearing-impaired patients include:

positioning yourself approximately 18 inches directly in front of the patient

Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include:

positioning, ice packs, and extremity elevation

A pregnant trauma patient may lose a significant amount of blood before showing signs of shock because:

pregnant patients have an overall increase in blood volume

Following delivery of a pulseless and apneic infant who has a foul odor, skin sloughing, and diffuse blistering, you should:

provide emotional support to the mother

Three days after delivering her baby, a 30-year-old woman complains of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing. Her level of consciousness is decreased and she is tachycardic. The EMT should suspect:

pulmonary embolism

Blood levels of medications may rise in the elderly, sometimes to toxic levels. This is MOST likely due to:

renal insufficiency

You and your partner are both male and are attending to a 28-year-old female patient complaining of diffuse abdominal pain. The patient is 34 weeks pregnant with her first child. The patient refuses to allow you to examine her, and her husband informs you that their culture does not allow males to examine or care for pregnant women. You should:

respect the patient's wishes, ensure that the appropriate documentation is completed, and transport the patient

Down syndrome patients are at an increased risk for medical complications. Which of the following is NOT one of those potential complications?

respiratory complications

Early signs of respiratory distress in the child include:

restlessness

Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called:

retracting

A ventricular atrium shunt drains excess fluid from the ventricles of the brain into the:

right atrium of the heart

Because a tracheostomy tube bypasses the nose and mouth:

secretions can build up in and around the tube

In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with:

severe hypoxia and bradycardia

Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient?

sexual activity

Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse.

shins

A tube from the brain to the abdomen that drains excessive cerebrospinal fluid is called a:

shunt

You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. As you approach the child, you note that he is lying at the base of the monkey bars. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. You should:

stabilize his head and check for a pulse

When determining the frequency of contractions, you should time the contractions from the:

start of one to the start of the next

Once the infant's head has been delivered:

suction the infant's mouth, then the nose

Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

sunken fontanelles

When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should:

talk to the child, not just the caregiver

Airway management can be challenging in patients with Down syndrome because their:

teeth are misaligned and they have a large tongue

In contrast to younger patients, older patients are more prone to a decrease in blood pressure (BP) upon standing because:

the body is less able to adapt the BP to rapid postural changes

geriatric patients present as a special problem for caregivers because:

the classic presentation of the disease is often altered

A 69-year-old female was involved in a motor vehicle crash. She is semiconscious with a blood pressure of 80/50 mm Hg and a heart rate of 74 beats/min that is weak. Her daughter, who was uninjured in the crash, tells you that her mother has a history of hypertension and takes beta-blockers. Considering the fact that this patient is probably in shock, what is the MOST likely explanation for the absence of tachycardia?

the effects of her antihypertensive medication

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

the leading cause of abrupto placenta is an ectopic pregnancy

Greenstick fractures occur in infants and children because:

their bones bend more easily than an adult's

Breath sounds in the pediatric population are more easily heard because:

their chest walls are thinner

The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is:

vomiting and diarrhea

An infant is considered to be premature if it:

weighs less than 5 pounds or is born before 36 weeks' gestation.

Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT:

wheezing