Quiz 7 Test Bank

Which of the following is NOT a function of cholecystokinin (CCK)? -increase production of stomach acid -increase production of pancreatic juice -open hepatopancreatic sphincter -stimulate gall bladder to release bile

-increase production of stomach acid

Select the description below that illustrates a difference between a sphincter and circular muscle. -Sphincters are found throughout the GI tract while circular muscle is found only in the proximal portion of the GI tract. -Sphincters are found in the proximal portion of the GI tract while circular muscle is found in the distal portions. -A sphincter is composed of smooth muscle while circular muscle is composed of skeletal muscle tissue. -A sphincter is a thickening of circular muscle that can prevent the movement of digesting materials while circular muscle is involved in propulsion digesting material.

A sphincter is a thickening of circular muscle that can prevent the movement of digesting materials while circular muscle is involved in propulsion digesting material.

The chemical and mechanical processes of food breakdown are called ________. secretion digestion ingestion absorption

Digestion

Select the statement that is true concerning primary teeth. -There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age, most children have all 20. -There are 32 primary teeth, and by 36 months of age, most children have all 32. -There are 27 primary teeth, and the molars are permanent. -There are 24 primary teeth, and no new primary teeth appear after 13 months.

There are 20 primary teeth, and by 24 months of age, most children have all 20.

Which of the following would likely be absorbed in the stomach? a serving of lean chicken breast a piece of candy a serving of alcohol a serving of pasta

a serving of alcohol

All the chemical and mechanical phases of digestion from the mouth through the small intestine are directed toward changing food into forms that can pass through the epithelial cells lining the mucosa into the underlying blood and lymphatic vessels. True False

True

Fats significantly delay the emptying of the stomach through hormonal and neuronal signals. True False

True

Food often contains bacteria, but the HCl of the stomach is effective in killing most ingested microbes. True False

True

Most gastric ulcers are due to excessive production of hydrochloric acid. True False

True

Most nutrients are absorbed through the mucosa of the intestinal villi by active transport. Group of answer choices True False

True

Severe diarrhea can diminish potassium ion absorption. True False

True

T/F The circular folds of the small intestine enhance absorption by causing the chyme to spiral, rather than to move in a straight line, as it passes through the small intestine.

True

The major role of absorption in the ileum is to reclaim bile salts to be recycled back to the liver. True False

True

The peritoneum is the most extensive serous membrane in the body. True False

True

The splanchnic circulation refers to the arteries that serve the digestive organs and the veins that carry blood from the digestive organs to the liver. True False

True

A doctor consulting a patient that recently has had their gall bladder removed would likely advise ________. eating foods that are low in fat eating fewer, but larger meals eating a low to no carb diet increasing unsaturated fats while eliminating trans fats in their diets

eating foods that are low in fat

The mechanical and chemical receptors that control digestive activity are located ________. -in the glandular tissue that surround the organ lumen -in the oral cavity -in the walls of the tract organs -in the pons and medulla

in the walls of the tract organs

A ruptured appendix is life threatening because ________. -the large intestine will no longer be able to receive digested material from the small intestine -it is likely to cause severe internal bleeding -loss of the appendix's function will cause an immune deficiency in the digestive system -it is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity

it is likely to cause massive infection of the abdominopelvic cavity

Bile salts break up the fat globule into smaller fat droplets. This role of bile salts is best described as ________. lipid absorption lipid ingestion lipid emulsification lipid digestion

lipid emulsification

Digestion and absorption of which of the following would be affected the most if the liver were severely damaged? lipids starches carbohydrates proteins

lipids

Which vitamin requires intrinsic factor in order to be absorbed? B12 A K C

B12

Pepsinogen is the precursor to the gastric enzyme for protein digestion and is secreted by the parietal cells. True False

False

The soft palate reflexively opens the nasopharynx to allow the passage of food, which is now called a bolus. True False

False

The stomach's contractile rhythm is set by pacemaker cells found in the spinal cord. True False

False

When swallowing, the glottis covers the epiglottis. True False

False

Select the one response below that would NOT result from a drug that blocks histamine receptors in the cells lining the stomach. -It would reduce the symptoms of heartburn. -It would cause the release of secretin and cholecystokinin. -It would raise the pH of the stomach. -It would lower the activity of parietal cells.

It would cause the release of secretin and cholecystokinin.

Which of the following is the best illustration of the difference between metabolism and digestion? -Digestion requires enzymes for it to take place while metabolism does not necessarily need or use them. -Digestion has a wide variety of chemical reactions while metabolism is restricted to only a few reaction types. -Metabolism comprises all of the chemical reactions preformed within the body while digestion is only the breakdown of food within the GI tract. -Digestions must happen first for metabolism to follow it.

Metabolism comprises all of the chemical reactions preformed within the body while digestion is only the breakdown of food within the GI tract.

Select the best explanation for why protease enzymes are secreted in inactive forms. -The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes until they are safely within the lumen of the GI tract. -Inactive enzymes will simply be expelled with the feces if no protein is present in the digesting food; this will help to conserve energy. -The enzymes would digest each other if they were not properly regulated. -The immunoglobulins protecting the digestive tract would be digested without proper regulation of protein digesting enzymes.

The cells producing inactive enzymes are themselves protected from the enzymes until they are safely within the lumen of the GI tract.

All of the following are true of swallowing (deglutition) except one. Select the statement that is NOT true of swallowing. -The involuntary portion of swallowing takes place in the pharynx. -The voluntary phase of swallowing takes place within the mouth. -The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea. -The mouth, pharynx and esophagus all take part in swallowing.

The epiglottis assists in propelling food into the trachea.

The sight of food can trigger a series of events that results in the release of gastric juice. All but one of the following is true in regards to the previous statement. Select the one answer that is NOT true. -This prepares the stomach for food before its arrival in the stomach. -The cerebral cortex, hypothalamus and medulla oblongata are all involved in processing the stimulatory information. -The motor nerves of this pathway are part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system. -This is an example of a long reflexive pathway.

The motor nerves of this pathway are part of the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system

You have just eaten a meal high in complex carbohydrates. Which of the following enzymes will help to digest the meal? cholecystokinin trypsin gastrin amylase

amylase

The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does the 1 stand for? incisor tooth premolar tooth molar tooth canine tooth

canine tooth

Which of the following is (are) NOT important as a stimulus in the gastric phase of gastric secretion? low acidity carbohydrates distention peptide

carbohydrates

Chemical digestion reduces large complex molecules to simpler compounds by the process of ________. catabolism excretion anabolism mastication

catabolism

Pepsinogen, an inactive digestive enzyme, is secreted by the ________. -Brunner's glands in the duodenum -chief cells of the stomach -goblet cells of the small intestine -parietal cells of the stomach

chief cells of the stomach

The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to ________. -distribute hormones throughout the body -carry toxins to the kidney for disposal through the urinary tract -return glucose to the general circulation when blood sugar is low -collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver

collect absorbed nutrients for metabolic processing in the liver

Which of the following is NOT true of saliva? contains acids which aid in chemical digestion cleanses the mouth contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of carbohydrates moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus

contains acids which aid in chemical digestion

What part of the tooth bears the force and resists the friction of chewing? cementum crown pulp enamel

enamel

The sheets of peritoneal membrane that hold the digestive tract in place are called ________. mucosal lining mesenteries serosal lining lamina propria

mesenteries

From the esophagus to the anal canal, the walls of every organ of the alimentary canal are made up of the same four basic layers. Arrange them in order from the lumen. -muscularis externa, serosa, mucosa, and submucosa -submucosa, serosa, muscularis externa, and mucosa -serosa, mucosa, submucosa, and muscularis externa -mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa

Gastric pits, as opposed to gastric glands, are completely lined with ________. enteroendocrine cells chief cells mucous cells parietal cells

mucous cells

Fat absorption through the plasma membrane of epithelial cells ________. -requires vesicular, active transport of the relatively large fatty acids and monoglyceride -requires enzymes attached to the brush border to further breakdown the fats -is accomplished by cotransporters that use the concentration gradient of Na+ outside of the cells -occurs by simple diffusion because lipids are able to penetrate the hydrophobic fatty acid tails within the plasma membrane

occurs by simple diffusion because lipids are able to penetrate the hydrophobic fatty acid tails within the plasma membrane

Hepatocytes do NOT ________. detoxify toxic chemicals process nutrients store fat-soluble vitamins produce digestive enzymes

produce digestive enzymes

The function of goblet cells is to ________. -absorb nutrients from digested food and store them for future use -provide protection against invading bacteria and other disease-causing organisms that enter the digestive tract in food -secrete buffers in order to keep the pH of the digestive tract close to neutral -produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

produce mucus that protects parts of the digestive organs from the effects of powerful enzymes needed for food digestion

Which of the following is NOT found in saliva? electrolytes lysozyme protease urea and uric acid

protease

Which of the following enzymes would be most active in the presence of high concentrations of protein fragments? amylase trypsin lipase dextrinase

trypsin