QUIZ ch.1
Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images.
Edward Titchener
Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires
a biopsychosocial approach
which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?
behavior genetics
Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?
behavioral
the neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by...
blood chemistry
Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in basic research?
cognitive psycologists
A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between
intelligence and academic success
behaviorists dismissed the value of...
introspection
looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings are called
introspection
On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy...
is a random and coincidental occurrence
The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how
people encode, process, store, and retrieve info
The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian
physician
An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a
placebo
Psychologists study animals because
similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior
Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.
social-cultural
Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness?
the experiment
After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of
generalizing from vivid cases
In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety would be the ________ variable.
independent
which psychologists are most likely to be involved in applied research?
industrial-organizational psychologist
Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.
neuroscience
john Watson is to Wilhelm Wundt as ____ is to____
observable behavior; inner sensation
a hypothesis is
observable relationship between specific dependent and independent variables
A statement describing how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n)
operational definition
Hindsight bias and overconfidence often lead us to overestimate
our intuition
Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates
overconfidence
In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as
Plato is to Aristotle
Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the
adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions
the perception that seemingly infertile couples who adopt a child are subsequently more likely to conceive a child themselves best illustrates...
an illusory correlation
A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates
critical thinking
The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their
culture
Random assignment minimizes ________ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes ________ between a sample and a population.
differences;differences
By testing their predictions with the observational method of science, psychologists are using a(n)
empirical approach
The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.
experimental
Psychological differences between the genders are
far outweighed by gender similarities
a correlation between psychical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.06 would indicate...
less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness
psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimps in the jungle are using a research method known as...
naturalistic observation
innate ability to learned skill as ____ is to _____
nature vs. nurture
The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable...
predictions
Clinical psychologists specialize in
providing therapy for troubled people
The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a
psychiatrist
Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of
relations of sensory stimulation
Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?
replication
If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that
the intelligence of parents and children is a positively correlated
Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between
thought processes and brain functions
Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned
to that group by chance
Charles Darwin attempted to explain the ________ he encountered.
unconscious thought process
Any factor such as infant nutrition which can vary in its quality or quantity is called a
variable
Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two variables
vary together
surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "welfare" then "aid to the needy". these somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of...
wording effects
