QUIZ ch.1

Introspection was the basic research tool used by ________ in order to study people's inner sensations and mental images.

Edward Titchener

Janna has low self-esteem because she is often teased for being overweight. Appreciating the complexity of Janna's difficulties requires

a biopsychosocial approach

which perspective studies the relative contributions of our genes and our environment on our individual differences?

behavior genetics

Which perspective most clearly focuses on how we learn observable responses?

behavioral

the neuroscience perspective in psychology would be most likely to emphasize that behavior is influenced by...

blood chemistry

Which psychologists are MOST likely to be involved in basic research?

cognitive psycologists

A researcher would be most likely to discover a positive correlation between

intelligence and academic success

behaviorists dismissed the value of...

introspection

looking inward and reporting your immediate sensations, images, and feelings are called

introspection

On a series of coin tosses, Oleg has correctly predicted heads or tails seven times in a row. In this instance, we can reasonably conclude that Oleg's predictive accuracy...

is a random and coincidental occurrence

The cognitive perspective in psychology focuses on how

people encode, process, store, and retrieve info

The personality theorist, Sigmund Freud, was an Austrian

physician

An inert substance that may be administered instead of a drug to see if it produces any of the same effects as the drug is called a

placebo

Psychologists study animals because

similar processes often underlie animal and human behavior

Dr. Wilson attributes the delinquent behaviors of many teens to the pressures associated with being members of street gangs. Her account best illustrates a(n) ________ perspective.

social-cultural

Which research method provides the best way of assessing whether cigarette smoking boosts mental alertness?

the experiment

After noting that a majority of professional basketball players are African-American, Ervin concluded that African-Americans are better athletes than members of other racial groups. Ervin's conclusion best illustrates the danger of

generalizing from vivid cases

In an experimental study of the effects of anxiety on self-esteem, anxiety would be the ________ variable.

independent

which psychologists are most likely to be involved in applied research?

industrial-organizational psychologist

Professor Lopez believes that severe depression results primarily from an imbalanced diet and abnormal brain chemistry. Professor Lopez favors a ________ perspective on depression.

neuroscience

john Watson is to Wilhelm Wundt as ____ is to____

observable behavior; inner sensation

a hypothesis is

observable relationship between specific dependent and independent variables

A statement describing how a researcher measures a research variable is known as a(n)

operational definition

Hindsight bias and overconfidence often lead us to overestimate

our intuition

Our tendency to believe we know more than we do illustrates

overconfidence

In the context of debates over the origins of psychological traits, nature is to nurture as

Plato is to Aristotle

Functionalism was a school of psychology that focused attention on the

adaptive value of conscious thoughts and emotions

the perception that seemingly infertile couples who adopt a child are subsequently more likely to conceive a child themselves best illustrates...

an illusory correlation

A questioning attitude regarding psychologists' assumptions and hidden values best illustrates

critical thinking

The enduring traditions, attitudes, and behaviors shared by a large group of people constitutes their

culture

Random assignment minimizes ________ between experimental and control groups. Random sampling minimizes ________ between a sample and a population.

differences;differences

By testing their predictions with the observational method of science, psychologists are using a(n)

empirical approach

The group exposed to a newly created drug that is being tested in an experiment is called the ________ group.

experimental

Psychological differences between the genders are

far outweighed by gender similarities

a correlation between psychical attractiveness and dating frequency of +0.06 would indicate...

less frequent dating is associated with lower levels of physical attractiveness

psychologists who carefully watch the behavior of chimps in the jungle are using a research method known as...

naturalistic observation

innate ability to learned skill as ____ is to _____

nature vs. nurture

The explanatory power of a scientific theory is most closely linked to its capacity to generate testable...

predictions

Clinical psychologists specialize in

providing therapy for troubled people

The specialist most likely to have a medical degree is a

psychiatrist

Wilhelm Wundt's laboratory work involved experimental studies of

relations of sensory stimulation

Which technique involves repeating the essence of an earlier research study with different participants and in different circumstances?

replication

If psychologists discovered that more intelligent parents have smarter children than less intelligent parents, this would demonstrate that

the intelligence of parents and children is a positively correlated

Cognitive neuroscience studies relationships between

thought processes and brain functions

Being randomly assigned to the experimental group in a research project involves being assigned

to that group by chance

Charles Darwin attempted to explain the ________ he encountered.

unconscious thought process

Any factor such as infant nutrition which can vary in its quality or quantity is called a

variable

Correlation is a measure of the extent to which two variables

vary together

surveys indicate that people are much less likely to support "welfare" then "aid to the needy". these somewhat paradoxical survey results best illustrate the importance of...

wording effects