Quiz Questions
How many phalanges in each hand?
14
How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?
206
At what age are all bones normally ossified?
25 years
The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is ___
4% per year
how many bones in carpals, metacarpals and phalanges
8, 5, 14
Which of the following tissues may be found within a bone?
Adipose tissue, cartilage, epithelium and nervous tissue
The largest of the tarsal bones is the:
Calcaneus
There are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid
Canaliculi
Which is not a tarsal bone?
Capitate
Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?
Carpals
The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:
Epiphyseal line
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length
Epiphyseal plate
The proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the
Epiphyses
This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones
Epipysis
This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.
Ethmoid
A ___ is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit
FIssure
A ___ is a small, smooth area on a bone
Facet
A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18 (T/F)
False
A person's bones are usually ossified by the age 16 (T/F)
False
During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days. (T/F)
False
In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesechyme (T/F)
False
Short bones have greater length than width (T/F)
False
The appendicular skeleton consists of the part that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)
False
The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)
False
The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone (T/F)
False
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle (T/F)
False
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.
False
The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle. (T/F)
False
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the a hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits (T/F)
False
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits (T/F)
False
The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. (T/F)
False
The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong (T/F)
False
The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong. (T/F)
False
The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column (T/F)
False
The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column. (T/F)
False
Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absoption of calcium in the small intestine (T/F)
False
process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme (T/F)
False
The tibiofemoral joint includes
Femur condyles and Condyles of the tibia
Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along
Line of stress
The facial bone articulates with teeth
Maxillae
The ___ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses
Metaphyseal
Which of the following receives the trochlea of the humerus?
None of the above
This is the largest foramen in the skeleton
Obturator foramen
These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.
Occipital condyles
These are considered bone-dissolving cells
Osteoclast
What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?
Osteocyte
Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is ___
PTH
Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?
Parathyroid
Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels?
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae
Scapula
What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?
Sternal angle
What is the function of the pelvic girdle?
Support for vertebral column and Attachment site for lower limbs
These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.
Temporal
What is not true
The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles
Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?
The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.
Which is not true of the skull bones?
The skull contains foraminas but no fissures
About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?
Tibia
Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of ___
Trabeculae
___ are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone
Trabeculae
This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna.
Trochlea
Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?
Trochlear notch
Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood (T/F)
True
Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood. (T/F)
True
Calcitonin inhibits activity of osetoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones (T/F)
True
Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.(T/F)
True
Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk (T/F)
True
Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk. (T/F)
True
Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region. (T/F)
True
Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline (T/F)
True
Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline. (T/F)
True
Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epipyseal plate (T/F)
True
The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)
True
The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial and cranial bones (T/F)
True
The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones (T/F)
True
The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification (T/F)
True
___ must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine
Vitamin D
Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?
acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals
Which is more superior on the scapula.
acromion
The arches of the foot:
are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones
The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?
articular facets
The unla:
articulated with the trochlea of the humerus
The function of vertebral process is
attachment site for muscles
Bones of the adult skeleton are grouped into two principal divisions: ___ and ___
axial and appendicular
The carpometacarpal joint consists of:
base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone
___ is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue
bone remodeling
Which organs are protected by bones in the axial skeleton?
brain, heart, spinal cord, lungs
Endocondrial ossification involves forming bones ___, whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones
by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane
An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?
calitonin and calcitriol
Bone reduction
can be open or closed
All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:
carbohydrate storage
In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?
childhood and adolescence
This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint
clavicle
Which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?
collagen
When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of ___(50 %) fibers by ___
collagen; osteoblasts
___ contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue
compact bone
___contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue.
compact bone
___ is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation.
condyle
Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone?
connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone
The ___ suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.
coronal
the___ suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.
coronal
Bones in the following area protect the brain
cranium
____ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity.
cribaform plate
The ___ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity
cribriform plate
This is the shaft of a long bone.
diaphysis
The ___ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.
epiphyseal plate
___is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.
epiphyseal plate
____ is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone.
epiphysis
___is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone.
epiphysis
The ___ bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits
ethmoid
Within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the ___
extracellular matrix
In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme. (T/F)
false
Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___ ribs
false
short bones have greater length than width (T/F)
false
the thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column (T/F)
false
Ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as
false floating (vertebral) ribs
Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?
female
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?
femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?
fibula
One type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a
fissure
Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are ___
flat bones
The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as
fontanels
The opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass is called a ___
foramen
A ___ is a furrow or shallow depression
fossa
___ is a pit or cup-like depression.
fovea
a ___ is a pit or cup-like depression
fovea
Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?
frontal and occipital
A ___ is a long narrow channel, depression or furrow
groove
___is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow.
groove
___stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.
growth hormone
____ stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.
growth hormone and IGF
A ___ is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation
head
A ___ is the proximal end of a bone
head
What is found in the glenoid cavity
humerus
The glenohumeral joint includes
humerus and scapula
The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of ____
hyaline cartilage
Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium or pubis
ilium, ischium, pubis
When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?
increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption, increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract, and decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine
When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?
increasing the rate of bone deposition
In the process of ___ bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes
intramembranous ossification
In the process of ___bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.
intramembranous ossification
The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ___
irregular bones
The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ___
irregular bones
Which of the following is not true for red bone marrow?
it can change to yellow marrow
Which of the following is true for red marrow?
it produces erythrocytes
Which of the following is not true for red marrow?
it produces osetocytes, stores fat, and it can change to yellow marrow
Which list contains only facial bones?
lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible
___ are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone.
lacunae
Which is found medially?
lesser trochanter
A ___ is a ridge or an elongated prominence of a bone
linea
A ___ is an anatomical line
linea
Which type of bone is the femur?
long bone
Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae
lumbar
Which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone, except the mandible?
macillae
The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?
manubrium
___ are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone
matrix
The ___ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses.
metaphyseal
This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join
metaphysis
The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found
midpoint of the shaft
What affects bone remodeling and growth?
minerals, vitamins, hormones
On the proximal end of the humerus is found:
none of the above
The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:
none of the above
The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle
none of the above
Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?
occipital
What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae
odontoid process
The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called
orthopedics
The process of bone formation is referred to as
ossification
Bone building cells are called ___
osteoblasts
Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called ___
osteoblasts
Bone-building cells are called
osteoblasts
___ are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resportion
osteoblasts
___are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption.
osteoclast
___ are huge cells derived from the fusion of a large number of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum
osteoclasts
Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?
osteogenic cell
___is seen in postmenopausal women and is associated with a decrease in calcium in the bones.
osteoperosis
Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is ____ hormone.
parathyroid
Which of the following is not a facial bone
parietal and occipital
What is the scapular notch used for?
passageway for nerve
This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.
patella
A ___ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue
process
___ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue
process
This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch.
radial notch
Where does the biceps brachii muscle attach itself to the radius?
radial tuberosity
A(n) ___ is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure.
ramus
The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:
resting, proliferation, hypertophication, calcification
A vitamin A deficiency results in ____, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ____
retardation of bone development; rickets.
A vitamin D deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ____
rickets; slender fragile bones
Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?
sacrum
The patella is an example of a ____ bone.
sesamoid
The carpal are examples of ___ bones
short
This is a bone located within ankles or wrists
short bone
A ___ is a cavity within a bone.
sinus
A vitamin C deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ____
slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.
Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?
sphenoid
Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?
sphenoid
A ___ is a sharp process of bone
spine
This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.
sternal end
The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for
tendon attachment
Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone.
they provide movement within the bone
Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?
thyroid gland
Which of the following is not found in compact bone.
trabeculae
___ are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone.
trabeculae
A ___ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur
trochanter
___is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.
trochanter
Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___
true
Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___ ribs
true
The epiphyseal (growth plate) is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones (T/F)
true
A ___ is an elevated round process of a bone
tuberosity
A ___ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle
tuberosity
Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?
tuberosity
__is an elevated round process of a bone.
tuberosity
Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of
two transverse foramen
Which is the longer bone (radius, metacarpal, clacivle, ulna, metatarsal)
ulna
___ must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine.
vitamin D
The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis.
wider, shallower, larger in pelvic inlet, larger in pelvic outlet
During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis.
zone of proliferating cartilage
This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.
Greenstick
Which of the following is not found in spongy bone
Haversian canals
Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper lime from proximal to distal ends?
Humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone??
Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.
Growth hormone stimulates ___ which stimulate reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk
IGF
Which of the following hipbones is superior?
Ilium
The mastoid process
Is the point of attachment for several neck muscles
Which of the following is true for yellow marrow?
It can change to red marrow and store fat
Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?
It produces red blood cells
What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius
Joins the shafts of both bones and tendon attachment
___ is the shaft of bone between epiphyses, which is solid, strong and resists bending
Diaphysis
This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.
Articular cartilage
The capitulum:
Articulates with the head of radius, and is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus
Which of the following structures contains osteocytes?
Lacunae
Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?
Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes
What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?
Costochondritis
Which type of bone is the occipital?
Flat bone
As the spinal cord exits the cranium, it passes through a large opening in the occipital bone called the __________.
Foramen magnum