Quiz Questions

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How many phalanges in each hand?

14

How many bones are found in the adult human skeleton?

206

At what age are all bones normally ossified?

25 years

The renewal rate for compact bone tissue is ___

4% per year

how many bones in carpals, metacarpals and phalanges

8, 5, 14

Which of the following tissues may be found within a bone?

Adipose tissue, cartilage, epithelium and nervous tissue

The largest of the tarsal bones is the:

Calcaneus

There are extensions of the lacunae and are filled with extracellular fluid

Canaliculi

Which is not a tarsal bone?

Capitate

Which of the following is NOT found in the axial skeleton?

Carpals

The anatomical neck of the humerus includes the:

Epiphyseal line

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that allows the Diaphysis to grow in length

Epiphyseal plate

The proximal and distal ends of a bone are called the

Epiphyses

This is the region of a long bone that articulates with other bones

Epipysis

This cranial bone is anterior to the sphenoid and posterior to the nasal bones. It contains foramina for the olfactory cranial nerve.

Ethmoid

A ___ is a groove or natural division, cleft, or slit

FIssure

A ___ is a small, smooth area on a bone

Facet

A boy's bones are usually ossified by age 18 (T/F)

False

A person's bones are usually ossified by the age 16 (T/F)

False

During the repair of a severe fracture, minerals are deposited quickly such that the fracture may be completely repaired within three to five days. (T/F)

False

In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesechyme (T/F)

False

Short bones have greater length than width (T/F)

False

The appendicular skeleton consists of the part that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)

False

The appendicular skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)

False

The diaphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the bone (T/F)

False

The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle (T/F)

False

The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle.

False

The epiphysis is a tough vascular fibrous tissue covering the muscle. (T/F)

False

The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the a hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits (T/F)

False

The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits (T/F)

False

The lacrimal bones form the posterior portion of the hard palate, part of the floor and lateral wall of the nasal cavity, and a small portion of the floors of the orbits. (T/F)

False

The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong (T/F)

False

The main reason the body needs calcium is to make our bones strong. (T/F)

False

The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column (T/F)

False

The thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column. (T/F)

False

Vitamin D is not needed for the proper absoption of calcium in the small intestine (T/F)

False

process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme (T/F)

False

The tibiofemoral joint includes

Femur condyles and Condyles of the tibia

Osteons in compact bone tissue are aligned along

Line of stress

The facial bone articulates with teeth

Maxillae

The ___ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses

Metaphyseal

Which of the following receives the trochlea of the humerus?

None of the above

This is the largest foramen in the skeleton

Obturator foramen

These projections on either side of the foramen magnum articulate with depressions on the first cervical vertebrae.

Occipital condyles

These are considered bone-dissolving cells

Osteoclast

What type of cell is most likely to be found inside a lacuna of mature bone?

Osteocyte

Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is ___

PTH

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

Parathyroid

Which of the following hormones helps raise blood calcium levels?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Which of the following bones is located in the posterior thorax between the second and seventh vertebrae

Scapula

What is the junction between the manubrium and the body of the sternum called?

Sternal angle

What is the function of the pelvic girdle?

Support for vertebral column and Attachment site for lower limbs

These bones include the organs of hearing and balance and articulate with the mandible.

Temporal

What is not true

The appendicular skeleton does not include the girdles

Which of the following is NOT true statement regarding the male and female pelvis?

The female pelvic inlet is heart-shaped and smaller than that of the male, which is larger and more oval.

Which is not true of the skull bones?

The skull contains foraminas but no fissures

About 25% of all stress fractures involve which bone?

Tibia

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of ___

Trabeculae

___ are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone

Trabeculae

This is a spool shaped surface of the humerus medial to the capitulum that articulates with the ulna.

Trochlea

Which notch is found between the olecranon and coronoid process?

Trochlear notch

Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood (T/F)

True

Bone remodeling plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood. (T/F)

True

Calcitonin inhibits activity of osetoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones (T/F)

True

Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.(T/F)

True

Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk (T/F)

True

Growth hormone causes long bone growth through ossification of the epiphyseal disk. (T/F)

True

Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the vertebral column, usually in the thoracic region. (T/F)

True

Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline (T/F)

True

Spina bifida is a congenital defect of the vertebral column in which the laminae of L5 and/or S1 fail to develop normally and unite at the midline. (T/F)

True

Steroid hormones are responsible for stopping long bone growth or ossification of your epipyseal plate (T/F)

True

The axial skeleton consists of the parts that support and protect the head, neck and trunk (T/F)

True

The bones of the skull are grouped into two categories: facial and cranial bones (T/F)

True

The epiphyseal (growth) plate is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones (T/F)

True

The replacement of cartilage by bone is called endochondral ossification (T/F)

True

___ must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine

Vitamin D

Which of the following best describes the process of bone resorption?

acids and enzymes released by osteoclasts degrade collagen and dissolve away minerals

Which is more superior on the scapula.

acromion

The arches of the foot:

are formed by metatarsal and tarsal bones

The medial and lateral condyles of the femur fit into what part of the patella?

articular facets

The unla:

articulated with the trochlea of the humerus

The function of vertebral process is

attachment site for muscles

Bones of the adult skeleton are grouped into two principal divisions: ___ and ___

axial and appendicular

The carpometacarpal joint consists of:

base of metacarpal bone and distal end of carpal bone

___ is the ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue

bone remodeling

Which organs are protected by bones in the axial skeleton?

brain, heart, spinal cord, lungs

Endocondrial ossification involves forming bones ___, whereas intramembranous ossification involves forming bones

by replacing hyaline cartilage; forming bone by growing out along a membrane

An increase in bone growth is promoted by which hormones?

calitonin and calcitriol

Bone reduction

can be open or closed

All of the following are functions of the human skeletal system except:

carbohydrate storage

In which phase of the human life cycle does bone deposition generally occur to a much greater degree than bone resorption?

childhood and adolescence

This is the anterior bone that articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint

clavicle

Which of the following is a protein secreted by osteoblasts during bone deposition?

collagen

When placed under mechanical stress, bone tissue becomes stronger through increased deposition of mineral salts and production of ___(50 %) fibers by ___

collagen; osteoblasts

___ contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue

compact bone

___contains few spaces and is the strongest form of bone tissue.

compact bone

___ is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation.

condyle

Which of the following is a step in the formation of intramembranous bone?

connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit the matrix and bone forms along membranes; outside bone develops into periosteum and the surface osteoblasts form compact bone

The ___ suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.

coronal

the___ suture joins the frontal bone and both of the parietal bones.

coronal

Bones in the following area protect the brain

cranium

____ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity.

cribaform plate

The ___ of the ethmoid bone lies in the anterior floor of the cranium and forms the roof of the nasal cavity

cribriform plate

This is the shaft of a long bone.

diaphysis

The ___ is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.

epiphyseal plate

___is hyaline cartilage found on either end of a long bone which pushes out, enlarges, becomes calcified, and forms new bone.

epiphyseal plate

____ is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone.

epiphysis

___is the expanded portion at each end of long bones that articulates with another bone.

epiphysis

The ___ bone is spongelike in appearance and is located on the midline in the anterior part of the cranial floor medial to the orbits

ethmoid

Within bone tissue, the material that surrounds individual bone cells is called the ___

extracellular matrix

In the process of intramembranous ossification, bone forms within hyaline cartilage that develops from mesenchyme. (T/F)

false

Ribs that do not have their own costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___ ribs

false

short bones have greater length than width (T/F)

false

the thoracic vertebrae are the largest and the strongest of the unfused bones in the vertebral column (T/F)

false

Ribs that are not attached to the sternum at their anterior costal cartilages are known as

false floating (vertebral) ribs

Which gender shows the coccyx pointed inferiorly?

female

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the lower limb, from proximal to distal ends?

femur, tibia and fibula, tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges

The lateral malleolus is found on the distal end of what bone?

fibula

One type of bone surface marking that allows for passage of blood vessels and nerves is a

fissure

Bones that are generally thin and composed of two nearly parallel plates of compact bone tissue enclosing a layer of spongy bone tissue are ___

flat bones

The mesenchyme-filled spaces that are present between cranial bones at birth are referred to as

fontanels

The opening through which blood vessels, nerves or ligaments pass is called a ___

foramen

A ___ is a furrow or shallow depression

fossa

___ is a pit or cup-like depression.

fovea

a ___ is a pit or cup-like depression

fovea

Which of the following is an unpaired cranial bone?

frontal and occipital

A ___ is a long narrow channel, depression or furrow

groove

___is a long narrow channel, depression, or furrow.

groove

___stimulates IGF which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

growth hormone

____ stimulates ____ which stimulates reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk.

growth hormone and IGF

A ___ is a rounded protuberance at the end of a bone forming an articulation

head

A ___ is the proximal end of a bone

head

What is found in the glenoid cavity

humerus

The glenohumeral joint includes

humerus and scapula

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchyme tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of ____

hyaline cartilage

Which of the bones listed contribute to the acetabulum? ilium, ischium or pubis

ilium, ischium, pubis

When the amount of calcium in the blood drops below the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to restore blood calcium?

increasing the rate at which osteoclasts perform bone resorption, increasing the absorption of calcium from foods in the gastrointestinal tract, and decreasing the rate at which the kidneys excrete calcium into urine

When the amount of calcium in the blood rises above the homeostatic set point, which of the following processes acts to reduce the amount of calcium in the blood?

increasing the rate of bone deposition

In the process of ___ bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes

intramembranous ossification

In the process of ___bone forms directly within mesenchyme arranged in sheetlike layers that resemble membranes.

intramembranous ossification

The bones of the vertebrae are an example of ___

irregular bones

The vertebrae and facial bones are examples of ___

irregular bones

Which of the following is not true for red bone marrow?

it can change to yellow marrow

Which of the following is true for red marrow?

it produces erythrocytes

Which of the following is not true for red marrow?

it produces osetocytes, stores fat, and it can change to yellow marrow

Which list contains only facial bones?

lacrimal bones, zygomatic bones, mandible

___ are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone.

lacunae

Which is found medially?

lesser trochanter

A ___ is a ridge or an elongated prominence of a bone

linea

A ___ is an anatomical line

linea

Which type of bone is the femur?

long bone

Of the following, which are the largest vertebrae

lumbar

Which facial bone articulates with every other facial bone, except the mandible?

macillae

The clavicle articulates with which of the following to form the sternoclavicular joint?

manubrium

___ are bony chambers where osteocytes are located within the compact bone

matrix

The ___ arteries enter the metaphyses of a long bone and, together with the nutrient artery, supply the red bone marrow and bone tissue of the metaphyses.

metaphyseal

This is the region in mature bone where the diaphysis and the epiphysis join

metaphysis

The deltoid tuberosity of the humerus is found

midpoint of the shaft

What affects bone remodeling and growth?

minerals, vitamins, hormones

On the proximal end of the humerus is found:

none of the above

The coxal bones unite posteriorly at a joint called:

none of the above

The following is/are attachment sites on the clavicle

none of the above

Which of the following bones is not visible from the anterior view of the skull?

occipital

What bone feature of the second cervical vertebrae articulates with the first cervical vertebrae

odontoid process

The branch of medicine that deals with correction of disorders of the musculoskeletal system is called

orthopedics

The process of bone formation is referred to as

ossification

Bone building cells are called ___

osteoblasts

Bone building cells that calcify cartilage are called ___

osteoblasts

Bone-building cells are called

osteoblasts

___ are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resportion

osteoblasts

___are bone-remodeling cells involved in calcium resorption.

osteoclast

___ are huge cells derived from the fusion of a large number of monocytes and are concentrated in the endosteum

osteoclasts

Which type of cell may differentiate into an osteoblast?

osteogenic cell

___is seen in postmenopausal women and is associated with a decrease in calcium in the bones.

osteoperosis

Calcium ion exchange is regulated by hormones, and the most important hormone involved in this process is ____ hormone.

parathyroid

Which of the following is not a facial bone

parietal and occipital

What is the scapular notch used for?

passageway for nerve

This is a bone that develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle.

patella

A ___ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

process

___ is a projection or outgrowth of bone or tissue

process

This depression is found laterally and inferior to the trochlear notch.

radial notch

Where does the biceps brachii muscle attach itself to the radius?

radial tuberosity

A(n) ___ is a branch; one of the divisions of a forked structure.

ramus

The correct sequence of processes that occur during bone elongation at the epiphyseal plate are:

resting, proliferation, hypertophication, calcification

A vitamin A deficiency results in ____, whereas a vitamin D deficiency results in ____

retardation of bone development; rickets.

A vitamin D deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin C deficiency results in ____

rickets; slender fragile bones

Which of the following do the pelvic girdles articulate with?

sacrum

The patella is an example of a ____ bone.

sesamoid

The carpal are examples of ___ bones

short

This is a bone located within ankles or wrists

short bone

A ___ is a cavity within a bone.

sinus

A vitamin C deficiency results in ____ , whereas a vitamin A deficiency results in ____

slender fragile bones; retardation of bone development.

Which cranial bone articulates with every other cranial bone?

sphenoid

Which of the following is found in the axial skeleton?

sphenoid

A ___ is a sharp process of bone

spine

This part of the clavicle is rounded and articulates with the manubrium of the sternum.

sternal end

The medial and lateral epicondyle are found on the distal end of the humerus and are used for

tendon attachment

Which of the following is NOT true of surface markings on bone.

they provide movement within the bone

Which endocrine gland secretes calcitonin (CT)?

thyroid gland

Which of the following is not found in compact bone.

trabeculae

___ are numerous branching bony plates found within spongy bone.

trabeculae

A ___ is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur

trochanter

___is either of the two bony processes below the neck of the femur.

trochanter

Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___

true

Ribs that have costal cartilages and attach directly to the sternum are called ___ ribs

true

The epiphyseal (growth plate) is a layer of hyaline cartilage in the metaphysis of a growing bone that is made up of four zones (T/F)

true

A ___ is an elevated round process of a bone

tuberosity

A ___ is the eminence at the articular end of a bone above a condyle

tuberosity

Which of the following bone surface markings forms attachment points for connective tissue?

tuberosity

__is an elevated round process of a bone.

tuberosity

Cervical vertebrae can generally be identified by the presence of

two transverse foramen

Which is the longer bone (radius, metacarpal, clacivle, ulna, metatarsal)

ulna

___ must be present in your diet for calcium absorption in the small intestine.

vitamin D

The female pelvis is ___ , than the male pelvis.

wider, shallower, larger in pelvic inlet, larger in pelvic outlet

During infancy, childhood, and adolescence, bones grow in length when cells in the _____ undergo mitosis.

zone of proliferating cartilage

This type of fracture is considered a partial fracture and is only seen in children.

Greenstick

Which of the following is not found in spongy bone

Haversian canals

Which of the following is the correct sequence of bones of the upper lime from proximal to distal ends?

Humerus, radius and ulna, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges

Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone??

Hyaline cartilage changes to adipose tissue.

Growth hormone stimulates ___ which stimulate reproduction of cartilage cells in the epiphyseal disk

IGF

Which of the following hipbones is superior?

Ilium

The mastoid process

Is the point of attachment for several neck muscles

Which of the following is true for yellow marrow?

It can change to red marrow and store fat

Which of the following is not true for yellow marrow?

It produces red blood cells

What is the function of the interosseous membrane between the ulna and radius

Joins the shafts of both bones and tendon attachment

___ is the shaft of bone between epiphyses, which is solid, strong and resists bending

Diaphysis

This is a layer of hyaline cartilage that reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

Articular cartilage

The capitulum:

Articulates with the head of radius, and is a rounded knob on the lateral aspect of the humerus

Which of the following structures contains osteocytes?

Lacunae

Which of the following is not a step in the formation of endochondral bone?

Connective tissue and osteoblasts deposit matrix and bone along membranes

What is inflammation of the costal cartilage called?

Costochondritis

Which type of bone is the occipital?

Flat bone

As the spinal cord exits the cranium, it passes through a large opening in the occipital bone called the __________.

Foramen magnum


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