quizlettt

Which of the following scenarios illustrates an action that would be protected by the free exercise clause in the First Amendment?

A person wears a necklace bearing a Christian cross to work.

Which of the following rulings is most likely to cite the Supreme Court's decision in Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969) as a legal precedent in support of the decision?

A ruling in favor of students to print their opinions in a school newspaper

Which of the following would most likely be protected by the First Amendment?

A student wears a black armband at school to protest government involvement in a war.

In the case Boynton v. Virginia (1960), the Supreme Court ruled that segregation at a bus stop restaurant was illegal based on the Interstate Commerce Act. Which of the following explains how this case is similar to Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka (1954) ?

Both cases struck down local ordinances that prescribed segregation.

Which of the following is an accurate comparison of the establishment clause and the free exercise clause?

C

Discrimination in public accommodations was macrimination in public accommodations was made illegal in the United States as a direct result of thede illegal in the United States as a direct result of the

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Writing for the court in Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978), a case weighing whether race can be considered in college admissions, Justice Lewis Powell wrote: "Preferring members of any one group for no reason other than race or ethnic origin is discrimination for its own sake. This the Constitution forbids. . . . The . . . goal asserted by petitioner is the attainment of a diverse student body. This clearly is a constitutionally permissible goal for an institution of higher education. . . . The freedom of a university to make its own judgments as to education includes the selection of its student body." According to the quote, what is the likely effect of the Court's ruling in the Bakke case?

Colleges can consider race but cannot use strict racial quotas in admission practices.

The Nineteenth Amendment to the Constitution, the Equal Rights Amendment, and Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 were all directed toward the goal of

Equality for women

To which level of government did the Bill of Rights originally apply?

Federal Government

The president privately discusses with his staff a decision to increase economic sanctions on Iran. Before a final decision is made, a draft of the proposal is leaked to a reporter. The president orders the reporter and her newspaper to suspend publication of the plan, citing issues of national and economic security. Which of the following best indicates how a court would rule in this case if the Supreme Court's ruling in New York Times Co. v. United States (1971) was used as a precedent?

Freedom of the press includes a heavy presumption against government censorship, and the documents can be published by the press

"Just as the Fourth Amendment's right to privacy has been declared enforceable against the states through the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth, it is enforceable by the same sanction . . . as is used against the federal government. Were it otherwise, . . . the assurance against unreasonable searches and seizures would be 'a form of words,' valueless . . . 'in the concept of ordered liberty." Justice Tom Clark, Mapp v. Ohio (1961) Which two principles are addressed in the excerpt above? The incorporation doctrine The concept of eminent domain The exclusionary rule The "wall of separation" doctrine

I and III

Protection of the legal rights of women has been facilitated by the passage of which of the following? The Equal Rights Amendment The Equal Pay Act of 1963 The Civil Rights Act of 1964 The Education Amendments Act of 1972

II,III, and IV only

The process of extending the protections of the Bill of Rights by means of the Fourteenth Amendment to apply to the actions of state governments is known as

Incorporation

Which of the following describes an effect of the Twenty-Fourth Amendment?

It eliminated poll taxes.

In Engel v. Vitale (1962), which of the following provides the legal reasoning behind the Supreme Court's ruling?

It ruled that the state had no justifiable interest to compel students to listen to a nondenominational prayer led by public school teachers, finding a clear establishment clause violation.

The card shown above was issued as a consequence of which of the following Supreme Court decisions?

Miranda v. Arizona

The federal Constitution guarantees all of the following rights to a person arrested and charged with a serious crime EXCEPT the right to

Negotiate a plea bargain

In Miranda v. Arizona, the United States Supreme Court declared that

Police must inform criminal suspects of their constitutional rights before questioning suspects after arrest

The establishment clause in the First Amendment does which of the following?

Prohibits the setting up of a state church

Which of the following best defines civil liberties?

Provisions of the bill of rights that guarantees against arbitrary interference by government

After a constitutional amendment has been proposed by both houses of Congress, its adoption requires

Ratified by three fourths of states

A group unhappy with local law enforcement distributes a memo to members encouraging physical confrontations with police officers. The leaders of the group are promptly arrested. Which of the following Supreme Court cases best justifies the actions taken by law enforcement in this scenario?

Schenck v. United States (1919)

The Supreme Court ruled in McDonald v. Chicago (2010) that a citizen's right to keep and bear arms at home for self-defense is protected from state and federal infringement. Which of the following is most relevant to that decision?

Selective incorporation

In Gideon v. Wainwright, the United States Supreme Court ruled that the

Sixth Amendment right-to-counsel provision applies to those accused of major crimes under state laws

With respect to prayer in public schools, the United States Supreme Court has ruled that

State-sponsored prayer violates the. establishment clause of the First Amendment

The United States Supreme Court has used which of the following to incorporate the Bill of Rights into state law?

The Fourteenth Amendment

The United States Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka was based on which of the following?

The Fourteenth Amendment's guarantee of equal protection

Which of the following best explains the trend depicted in the chart above? Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Answer A: Brown v . Board of Education of Topeka A Imposition of a federal poll tax Answer B: Imposition of a federal poll tax B Elimination of all-White primary elections Answer C: Elimination of all-White primary elections C The Voting Rights Act of 1965 Answer D: The Voting Rights Act of 1965 D The Civil Rights Act of l964

The Voting Rights Act of 1965

A woman is arrested for possessing illegal substances that were obtained after a warrantless search of her home by local police. Which of the following best explains whether the evidence could be used in a criminal trial?

The exclusionary rule, derived from the Fourth Amendment, prevents the evidence from being used against the suspect.

In the early part of the twenty-first century, public opinion polls showed that a majority of Americans believed it should be illegal to burn the American flag. As a result, many members of Congress introduced amendments to make it illegal to burn or desecrate the American flag. However, these efforts have been unsuccessful. Which of the following statements best explains why these efforts have been unsuccessful?

The framers made the amendment process difficult in order to protect individual rights

In Worcester v. Georgia (1832), the Supreme Court used the power of judicial review established in Marbury v. Madison (1803) to strike down a Georgia state law that regulated the relationship between citizens of Georgia and members of the Cherokee Nation. President Andrew Jackson opposed the decision and famously challenged the Supreme Court to enforce it. As the Supreme Court was not able to enforce the decision, the other branches of government ignored it. This example illustrates which of the following?

Unpopular Supreme Court decisions can be avoided or ignored if other branches refuse to cooperate with the outcomes of those decisions.

The free-exercise clause protects

Voluntary prayer by student groups before school

Which of the following cases examined a state law that required all children to attend school through the twelfth grade in order to promote the general welfare of its citizens?

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

To enforce the Fourteenth Amendment more clearly, Congress passed the

civil rights act of 1964

The "wall of separation" doctrine refers to the

division of church and state

After hours of interrogation by police a suspect confesses to multiple felony offenses. His attorney objected to the admission of the confession because he was not advised of his right to have an attorney present nor his protection from self-incrimination. Which amendments are most relevant to this scenario?

fifth and sixth

The clear-and-present danger test devised by the Supreme Court was designed to define the conditions under which public authorities could

limit free speech

Jim Crow laws, still in place in the early 1960s in the South, were outlawed by the

passage of the 1964 Civil Rights Act.

The 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that upheld a woman's right to secure an abortion was based on the right to

privacy implied the Bill of Rights

Griswold v. Connecticut and Roe v. Wade are similar Supreme Court cases in that both cases are based on the

right to an abortion

In Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, the Supreme Court established which of the following principles?

separation of students by race, even in equally good schools, is unconstitutional

Which of the following was an argument used by the Supreme Court in upholding federal statutes outlawing segregation in public accommodations?

such segregation affected interstate commerce and Congress therefore had the authority to outlaw it

In Roe v. Wade, the majority of Supreme Court justices determined that

the United States Constitution implies a right to privacy and thus made abortion legal

The passing of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 is a significant political event because it

was instrumental. in increasing the number of African American and other minority voters