Race and Ethnicity, Prejudice and Discrimination

genetic ancestry (4 parts)

(1)Human biological/genetic variation follows some geographical pattern. (2) Ancestry is associated with a geographic pattern, NOT categories. (3) Racial categorization is based upon perceived differences that have social significance. (4) It is not a good assessment of genetic variation that happens both within and across racial categories.

redlining

A discriminatory real estate practice in North America in which members of minority groups are prevented from obtaining money to purchase homes or property in predominantly white neighborhoods. The practice derived its name from the red lines depicted on cadastral maps used by real estate agents and developers. Today, this is "officially" illegal.

race

A group of people perceived to be distinct based on physical features.

prejudice

A negative attitude toward an entire category of people, often an ethnic or racial minority. This is about how we think.

"whatever we as a society say it is" --> exists in "conventional wisdom"

According to Ann Morning, "Race is . . .

99

All humans are __% genetically identical.

Pantone

An artist recently matched skin colors to this type of color system. (A key thing to think about that is associated with this project: where do we draw the line between races if we are looking at a series of colors? At what shade is someone black as opposed to white? Where is the cutoff?)

overrepresented

Black and hispanic people are _______________ in prison populations in proportion to the number of these people in society as a whole.

- A belief in shared common descent - Perceptions of similarity and difference - Socially defined

Both race and ethnicity are . . .

racial discrimination

Concerns the unequal *treatment* of different races.

race inequality

Concerns unequal outcomes in income, education, and health on the basis of race.

racial label

Different ethnic groups can fall under the same ______ _____.

Skin color is determined by one's biology, but the labels associated with skin color are socially constructed.

Explain how even though skin color occurs because of one's biology it is still a part of the social construction of race.

Morning's definition of race

Groupings of people believed to share common descent, based on perceived innate physical similarities. - The definition of race is not clear cut - Biological differences are irrelevant to the officially established racial categories - NOT all physical attributes relate to racial boundaries

Discrimination

Harmful or unfair treatment of people on the basis of their (racial or ethnic) category.

ethnic, racial

Hispanic Americans are officially an ______ group, but they are often treated as a ______ group

social status

In the U.S., home ownership is a major means of securing ones' ______ ______.

employment, higher

Income comes from __________ and unemployment is (higher/lower) among minorities.

indicate or show prejudice in society. (Think: looting v. finding)

Language can . . .

sociology of racism

Looks at the intersections of racism, racial discrimination, and racial inequality and the extent to which each of these reproduces the other.

wealth

Low historical rates of homeownership among black people contributes to ______ inequality.

construction of racial categories

Occurs due to a combination of historical circumstances, external events, and ethnocentrism.

race (powerpoint notes)

Patterns of biological markers that distinguish one group from another. Could create a sense of common descent.

ehtnic group

People who share the same cultural heritage (language, nation of origin, and religion)

biology, culture

Race is a belief in common _______, whereas ethnicity is a belief in common _______.

Political, economic, and historical context.

Racial categories depend on what? (3)

- Schools - Health - Wealth - Policing

Redlining contributes to inequalities in . . .

Ancestry and how it differs from race

Scientists can determine ancestry from DNA because large-scale human migration is a relatively recent phenomena. Ancestry is the connection of human variations to geographical origins of our ancestors. Unlike race, ancestry focuses on one's history.

ethnicity

Shared cultural heritage that defines and distinguishes a group from the others.

social

Socially constructed meanings carry ______ consequences.

prejudice

Teaching stereotypes early in life can lead to the development of _________.

macro

The U.S. has segregation on a (macro/micro) level.

Indian Health Service (IHS)

The agency responsible for providing healthcare services to American Indians and Alaska Natives is: Notice: This health care system has caused unnecessary death and provided horrible care to patients.

racism

The belief that members of separate races possess different and unequal traits. Prejudice + power. A system of inequality.

What issues are addressed, including those pertaining to race and racial inequality. It is important to note that there are exceptions to this trend.

The composition of the U.S. legislature determines:

fluid

The definitions of races according to the U.S. census bureau are _____.

Even after people began to identify themselves instead of census workers on census forms, the number of black people remained relatively stable.

The one-drop rule acted as a means to advance race as a social construction. This is seen in what fact?

social construction

The process by which people an social institutions interact to create collective knowledge, ideas, and assumptions.

False

True or false: DNA informs social identity.

False, it can also be individual.

True or false: Discrimination is purely institutional.

False. Race is defined hierarchically, ethnicity is self-defined cultural similarity.

True or false: Ethnicity is defined hierarchically.

false (to a certain extent)

True or false: Race is a biological construction.

true

True or false: Race is imposed.

true

True or false: Racial minorities are less likely yo have health insurance or to receive treatment for pain.

False

True or false: Racism must be intentional.

False. In fact, the opposite is true.

True or false: The Human Genome Project shows that there are more genetic differences between races than within racial groups.

false

True or false: There is a genetically pure race.

True

True or false: We call some regional patterns race when they are best described as simply environmental adaptations.

true

True or false: redlining is still used today in private practice.

- Jim Crow Laws - Electoral representation - School desegregation - Affirmative action

What policies concerning race has the U.S. census played a role in creating?

racialization

When a racial identity is subsumed under a forced label, racial marker, or otherness. (Think: Japanese Americans)

ancestry

genetic heritage=

one-drop rule

one drop of black blood makes a person black