Radiology Pathology Chapter 5

8. Benign tumors of the esophagus are almost always leiomyomas.

ANS: T

10. Colorectal cancers are the _____ most common gastrointestinal cancer in the United States. a. first b. second c. third d. none of the above

ANS: A

12. Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of ultrasound over other imaging modalities in evaluation of the gastrointestinal tract? a. Ultrasound provides the opportunity to biopsy during the sonographic procedure. b. The examination sensitivity is not highly dependent on the skill of the sonographer. c. Abdominal sonographic investigation is very effective in the obese population. d. All of the above statements are true.

ANS: A

17. Radiographically, Crohn disease can be differentiated from ulcerative colitis because: a. the transmural inflammation penetrates all layer of the bowel wall in Crohn disease. b. Crohn disease is limited to the mucosal and submucosal layers of the bowel wall. c. the retrograde involvement in Crohn disease rarely reaches past the terminal ileum. d. both b and c are correct.

ANS: A

18. Which of the following magnetic resonance imaging techniques are used to visualize abdominal organs to differentiate pathologic processes from normal tissue? 1. T1-weighted images 2. T2-weighted images 3. Dark lumen imaging using water as a negative contrast agent a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: A

3. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) is classified as a(n) _____ condition of the GI system. a. congenital b. degenerative c. inflammatory d. neurologic

ANS: A

6. In the condition of carbohydrate intolerance, the small bowel lacks enough of the enzyme: a. lactase. b. lipase. c. amylase. d. lactose.

ANS: A

7. Currently, _____ is the most accurate imaging examination for evaluating patients who do not have a clear clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. a. abdominal radiography b. computed tomography (CT) c. magnetic resonance enterography (MRE) d. colonoscopy

ANS: B

13. Which of the following nuclear medicine procedures is performed to detect the presence of Helicobacter pylori in patients with a suspected gastric ulcer? a. GI bleed scans b. Gastric emptying scans c. Urea breath test d. SPECT gastric imaging

ANS: C

14. Which types of esophageal diverticula are located at the pharyngoesophageal junction at the upper-lateral aspect of the esophagus? 1. Epiphrenic 2. Killian-Jameson 3. Zenker a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: C

15. The "olive sign" is associated with what pathologic process? a. Appendicitis b. Esophageal varices c. Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis d. Leiomyoma

ANS: C

2. Which of the following is the most common type of bowel atresia? a. Duodenal atresia b. Jejunal atresia c. Ileal atresia d. Colonic atresia

ANS: C

4. When imaging an infant with suspected malrotation, a(n) _____ examination should be performed and is considered the gold standard. a. transabdominal ultrasound b. small bowel follow-through c. upper GI d. contrast-enhanced CT

ANS: C

9. Abdominal radiography is of limited value in cases of diverticulitis unless diagnosing for suspected complications of: a. pneumoperitoneum. b. obstruction. c. both a and c. d. none of the above.

ANS: C

1. Which of the following are signs/symptoms of esophageal atresia? a. Salivation b. Choking c. Cyanosis d. All of the above

ANS: D

11. Which of the following is currently the standard imaging procedure for staging superficial rectal carcinomas? a. Virtual colonoscopy acquired by computed tomography (CT) b. Magnetic resonance colonography (MRC) c. Digital rectal examination d. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS)

ANS: D

16. Which of the statements are true in reference to a mechanical bowel obstruction? 1. It occurs from a blockage of the bowel lumen. 2. It may be caused by a herniation of the bowel. 3. It may be caused by a lumen-obliterating gastrointestinal tumor. a. 1 and 2 only b. 1 and 3 only c. 2 and 3 only d. 1, 2, and 3

ANS: D

5. If left untreated, Hirschsprung disease can progress to: a. bacterial overgrowth. b. colonic distention. c. electrolyte imbalances. d. all of the above.

ANS: D

8. A less common type of hiatal hernia is the _____ type. a. rolling b. sliding c. paraesophageal d. both a and c

ANS: D

12. A category 2 risk of colon cancer is defined as a high risk; it includes hereditary syndromes such as hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and familial polyposis, or patients with a personal history of ulcerative colitis or Crohn disease.

ANS: F

2. Hirschsprung disease is an absence of neurons in the bowel wall, typically in the descending colon.

ANS: F

4. Diagnosis of gluten-sensitive enteropathy is rarely confirmed by biopsy of the small bowel.

ANS: F

6. Esophageal varices are best demonstrated in an upright position because the lack of gravity in a recumbent position causes poor visualization.

ANS: F

9. Small bowel barium studies are the most common means of identifying small-bowel neoplasms.

ANS: F

10. A strangulated hernia occurs when a loop of bowel passes through a constricted area that is tight enough to cut off blood supply to the bowel.

ANS: T

11. Treatment for regional enteritis includes bowel resection in approximately 70% of cases, particularly if perforation or hemorrhage is present.

ANS: T

3. A Meckel diverticulum is a remnant of a duct connecting the small bowel to the umbilicus in the fetus.

ANS: T

5. A peptic ulcer is an erosion of the mucous membrane of the lower end of the esophagus, stomach, or duodenum.

ANS: T

7. A gallstone ileus is an obstruction that occurs when a gallstone reaches the ileocecal valve.

ANS: T

TRUE/FALSE 1. Sonography has become a standard and highly accurate method for diagnosing hypertrophic pyloric stenosis (HPS) without the need for radiation exposure.

ANS: T