RC 2024 ch 30 egans
The definition of sleep apnea uses what criteria for defining an episode of apnea?
10 seconds
What value for the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) is consistent with moderate obstructive sleep apnea?
15 to 30
What percent of the adult population is believed to have obstructive sleep apnea?
2% to 4%
What are the criteria to define hypopnea?
30% decrease in airflow and 4% oxygen desaturation
What is the amount of CPAP that is typically required to abolish upper airway obstruction in patients with OSA?
7.5 to 12.5 cm H2O
In what way do BiPAP units differ from CPAP units?
BiPAP applies different pressure levels on inspiration and exhalation
What is the name of the respiratory pattern where a crescendo-decrescendo pattern of hypernea alternates with periods of apnea?
Cheyne-Stokes
Why should the patient with obstructive sleep apnea not use alcohol?
alcohol decreases the arousal threshold
What term is used to describe CPAP units that use a computer to adjust CPAP levels as needed by the patient during sleep?
auto-CPAP
Which of the following behavioral interventions is least useful for the treatment of sleep apnea?
avoidance of daytime naps
Which of the following conditions are associated with central apnea?
congestive heart failure, primary central nervous system lesions, high-altitude hypoxemia
Which of the following medical therapies is considered first-line treatment for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)?
continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with sleep apnea?
excessive daytime sleepiness
Which of the following parameters is NOT typically monitored with a polysomnogram?
exhaled PCO2
Available evidence has shown that bilevel pressure is associated with better patient compliance than the conventional CPAP (T,F).
false
Central sleep apnea occurs more often than obstructive sleep apnea. (T,F).
false
Patients with more severe levels of OSA usually need higher levels of CPAP to eliminate the apnea episodes (T,F).
false
Which of the following is NOT a common side effect of positive-pressure therapy?
headache
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with untreated obstructive sleep apnea?
heart failure
What term is used to describe a significant decrease in airflow during sleep but not a complete cessation of breathing?
hypopnea
Which of the following characteristics is not typically associated with sleep apnea?
hypotensive
What is believed to be the cause of systemic hypertension in patients with sleep apnea?
increased sympathetic tone
Which of the following physical exam findings is associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
large tonsils
Which of the following is NOT a parameter used to confirm the metabolic syndrome associated with obstructive sleep apnea?
low triglycerides
Which of the following factors has been shown to positively correlate with obstructive sleep apnea?
obesity of the upper body
What is considered to be the major problem with the use of CPAP in patients with obstructive sleep apnea?
patient compliance
How does CPAP improve breathing in the patient with OSA?
pneumatic splinting of the upper airway
What is the primary cause of obstructive sleep apnea?
small or unstable pharyngeal airway
Medications have proved ineffective for most patients with sleep apnea (T,F).
true
Oral devices may prove useful for cases of mild OSA (T,F).
true
Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty has a success rate of less than 50% (T,F).
true