RC2 unit 2
Pneumatically controlled
How would a ventilatory support device that uses pressure regulators, needle valves, and balloon valves to regulate most or all of the parameters of ventilation
-pressure -flow -volume
If a patient initiates a ventilator breath the trigger variable could be?
Time
If a ventilator initiates a breath what is the trigger variable
True
T/F? Flow is the derivative of volume
True
T/F? Volume is the integral of flow
-force -displacement -rate of change of displacement
The study of mechanics deals with what three things?
-Pneumatic diaphragm valve -proportional valve -electromagnetic poppet or plunger
Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include what?
-flow -volume
Volume cycled ventilator has a rate knob for setting the controlled frequency of breathing. If this control is set 12/min what other settings will determine the Inspiratory and expiratory times?
Cylce
What caused breath to end during MV
Trigger
What causes breath to begin during MV
Set point
What closed loop controller is used by all vents?
PEEP
What is the application of pressure above atmospheric at the airway throughout expiration during MV
PSV
What is the mode of ventilatory support in which patients Inspiratory efforts are augmented with a set amount of positive airway pressure
Patient cycled
What is the name of a breath where a patient is able to change the Inspiratory time?
Increase the FRC
What is the primary effect of PEEP?
PIP and PEEP
What is the primary parameter used to later the breath size in pressure controlled?
PRVC
What mode is a good example of adaptive control
Pressure
What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern vents?
-volume -pressure -flow -time
What parameters can serve as the cycle variable during vent support?
Trends
What provides clinicians with measured or calculated date related to ventilatory support over time?
Limit
What vent variable reaches and maintains a preset level before inspiration ends?
-servo -adaptive -optimal
What ventilator control systems are considered closed loop?
Bio-Med MVP-10
What ventilator is controlled by fluidic logic systems
-pneumatically controlled -fluidically controlled
What ventilators would you select for use during an MRI?
Time cycled
You observe that a vent reaches a preset pressure early in inspiration but holds it for a specific time, after which inspiration ends. What mode of vent support is in force
Airway pressure release ventilation
A mode that allows spontaneously breathing patients to breath at a positive pressure level, but drops briefly to a reduced pressure level for CO2 elimination during each breathing cycle is also known as:
1.1 sec
A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min the expiratory time is 2.9 sec what is the Inspiratory time.
15 /min
A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode has an Inspiratory time of 1.5 sec and an expiratory time of 2.5 sec what is the frequency of breathing
The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min
A patient receiving time triggered continuous MV at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing what will happen
Flow controller
A ventilators pressure waveform changes when a patients lung mechanics change but it's volume waveform remains the same. The device does not directly control the delivered volume. What is the ventilator?
A preselected volume of gas is expelled from the device
A volume cycled ventilator provides gas under positive pressure during inspiration until what point?
-volume -pressure -flow
According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system a ventilator can control what?
Desired output
Augment or replace the patients muscles in performing the WOB
Flow = change in volume/ change in time
Average flow equation
Decreased WOB
Compared to using pressure as the trigger variable, what is the major advantage of flow triggering?
Output control
Consist of one or more values that regulates gas flow
Baseline
Describe what happens during the expiratory phase of mechanical ventilation.
Volume Volume = area x displacement
Displacement is measured as what? What is its equation
Power transmission and conversion
Drive and output control mechanisms
Initiated or terminated by the machine
During MV a mandatory breath is one that is:
Initiated and terminated by the patient
During MV a spontaneous breath is defined as one that:
-pressure difference -Inspiratory time -time constant
During pressure targeted ventilations what settings determine Vt?
-volume waveform -flow wave form
During volume control ventilation you have control over what?
-volume -flow -rate
During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine I:E ratio
-volume -flow
During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine the Inspiratory time?
-volume -rate
During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine the machine-delivered minute volume
-volume -flow -rate
During volume targeted ventilations what settings determine expiratory time?
Rate
During volume targeted ventilations what settings determine the total cycle time
Ventilator driven mechanism
Energy is transformed/ transmitted by what?
Flow
Flow serves as a limit variable whenever a vent controls what?
Pressure
Force is measured as what?
Drive mechanism
Generate force needed deliver gas under pressure
Pressure controller
If the pressure waveform of a ventilator remains the same when a patients lung mechanics change what is the ventilator
Flow = do/dt
Institaneous flow equation
Ventilator
Machine designed to alter, transmit, a d direct applied energy in a predetermined manner to preform useful work
Rectangular pressure
Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveforms?
Input power
Power source for ventilator
Control circuit
Predetermined manner in what?
Force x area
Pressure = ______ x ________
Control system
Pressure needed to drive gas into an airway and inflate the lungs
Elastic load
Pressure needed to overcome elastance
Resistance
Pressure needed to overcome flow resistance of airways along with lungs and chest wall tissue resistance
Control variable
Primary variable ventilators use to manipulate
Intermittent mandatory ventilation.
Pure time triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?
Flow
Relative rate of change is measured
-volume -flow
The waveform generated by a ventilator remains the Same against changing lung mechanics. What parameters does this device control?
0.5-1.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure
When using pressure as the trigger variable where do you typically set the trigger level?
Sensitivity
When you adjust the pressure drop necessary to trigger a breath on a vent, what are you adjusting on the machine?
IMV
While observing a patient receiving vent support you notice that some deliver d breaths are begun or ended by the machine, whereas others are begun and ended by the patient. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?
Continuous mandatory ventilation
While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support you notice that all delivered breaths are initiated or terminated by the machine. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?
Base flow=10 L/min Trigger at 2 L/min
You are asked to switch from pressure triggering a patient to flow triggering. What new settings would be appropriated?