RC2 unit 2

Pneumatically controlled

How would a ventilatory support device that uses pressure regulators, needle valves, and balloon valves to regulate most or all of the parameters of ventilation

-pressure -flow -volume

If a patient initiates a ventilator breath the trigger variable could be?

Time

If a ventilator initiates a breath what is the trigger variable

True

T/F? Flow is the derivative of volume

True

T/F? Volume is the integral of flow

-force -displacement -rate of change of displacement

The study of mechanics deals with what three things?

-Pneumatic diaphragm valve -proportional valve -electromagnetic poppet or plunger

Types of output control valves used in modern ventilators include what?

-flow -volume

Volume cycled ventilator has a rate knob for setting the controlled frequency of breathing. If this control is set 12/min what other settings will determine the Inspiratory and expiratory times?

Cylce

What caused breath to end during MV

Trigger

What causes breath to begin during MV

Set point

What closed loop controller is used by all vents?

PEEP

What is the application of pressure above atmospheric at the airway throughout expiration during MV

PSV

What is the mode of ventilatory support in which patients Inspiratory efforts are augmented with a set amount of positive airway pressure

Patient cycled

What is the name of a breath where a patient is able to change the Inspiratory time?

Increase the FRC

What is the primary effect of PEEP?

PIP and PEEP

What is the primary parameter used to later the breath size in pressure controlled?

PRVC

What mode is a good example of adaptive control

Pressure

What parameter serves as the baseline variable on all modern vents?

-volume -pressure -flow -time

What parameters can serve as the cycle variable during vent support?

Trends

What provides clinicians with measured or calculated date related to ventilatory support over time?

Limit

What vent variable reaches and maintains a preset level before inspiration ends?

-servo -adaptive -optimal

What ventilator control systems are considered closed loop?

Bio-Med MVP-10

What ventilator is controlled by fluidic logic systems

-pneumatically controlled -fluidically controlled

What ventilators would you select for use during an MRI?

Time cycled

You observe that a vent reaches a preset pressure early in inspiration but holds it for a specific time, after which inspiration ends. What mode of vent support is in force

Airway pressure release ventilation

A mode that allows spontaneously breathing patients to breath at a positive pressure level, but drops briefly to a reduced pressure level for CO2 elimination during each breathing cycle is also known as:

1.1 sec

A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode at a rate of 15/min the expiratory time is 2.9 sec what is the Inspiratory time.

15 /min

A patient receiving continuous mandatory ventilation in the control mode has an Inspiratory time of 1.5 sec and an expiratory time of 2.5 sec what is the frequency of breathing

The patient will continue to receive 10 breaths/min

A patient receiving time triggered continuous MV at a preset rate of 10/min stops breathing what will happen

Flow controller

A ventilators pressure waveform changes when a patients lung mechanics change but it's volume waveform remains the same. The device does not directly control the delivered volume. What is the ventilator?

A preselected volume of gas is expelled from the device

A volume cycled ventilator provides gas under positive pressure during inspiration until what point?

-volume -pressure -flow

According to the equation of motion of the respiratory system a ventilator can control what?

Desired output

Augment or replace the patients muscles in performing the WOB

Flow = change in volume/ change in time

Average flow equation

Decreased WOB

Compared to using pressure as the trigger variable, what is the major advantage of flow triggering?

Output control

Consist of one or more values that regulates gas flow

Baseline

Describe what happens during the expiratory phase of mechanical ventilation.

Volume Volume = area x displacement

Displacement is measured as what? What is its equation

Power transmission and conversion

Drive and output control mechanisms

Initiated or terminated by the machine

During MV a mandatory breath is one that is:

Initiated and terminated by the patient

During MV a spontaneous breath is defined as one that:

-pressure difference -Inspiratory time -time constant

During pressure targeted ventilations what settings determine Vt?

-volume waveform -flow wave form

During volume control ventilation you have control over what?

-volume -flow -rate

During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine I:E ratio

-volume -flow

During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine the Inspiratory time?

-volume -rate

During volume targeted ventilation what settings determine the machine-delivered minute volume

-volume -flow -rate

During volume targeted ventilations what settings determine expiratory time?

Rate

During volume targeted ventilations what settings determine the total cycle time

Ventilator driven mechanism

Energy is transformed/ transmitted by what?

Flow

Flow serves as a limit variable whenever a vent controls what?

Pressure

Force is measured as what?

Drive mechanism

Generate force needed deliver gas under pressure

Pressure controller

If the pressure waveform of a ventilator remains the same when a patients lung mechanics change what is the ventilator

Flow = do/dt

Institaneous flow equation

Ventilator

Machine designed to alter, transmit, a d direct applied energy in a predetermined manner to preform useful work

Rectangular pressure

Mean airway pressure is highest with what waveforms?

Input power

Power source for ventilator

Control circuit

Predetermined manner in what?

Force x area

Pressure = ______ x ________

Control system

Pressure needed to drive gas into an airway and inflate the lungs

Elastic load

Pressure needed to overcome elastance

Resistance

Pressure needed to overcome flow resistance of airways along with lungs and chest wall tissue resistance

Control variable

Primary variable ventilators use to manipulate

Intermittent mandatory ventilation.

Pure time triggered ventilation is the same as what type of ventilation?

Flow

Relative rate of change is measured

-volume -flow

The waveform generated by a ventilator remains the Same against changing lung mechanics. What parameters does this device control?

0.5-1.5 cm H2O below the baseline expiratory pressure

When using pressure as the trigger variable where do you typically set the trigger level?

Sensitivity

When you adjust the pressure drop necessary to trigger a breath on a vent, what are you adjusting on the machine?

IMV

While observing a patient receiving vent support you notice that some deliver d breaths are begun or ended by the machine, whereas others are begun and ended by the patient. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?

Continuous mandatory ventilation

While observing a patient receiving ventilatory support you notice that all delivered breaths are initiated or terminated by the machine. What mode of ventilatory support is in force?

Base flow=10 L/min Trigger at 2 L/min

You are asked to switch from pressure triggering a patient to flow triggering. What new settings would be appropriated?