READINGS IN PH HISTORY
Francisco Ignacio Alcina
A Jesuit historian who documented the poetic forms of Waray literature in as early as 1668 who wrote "History of the Bisayan people in the Philippine Islands"
Fr. Pio Pi
A Spanish Jesuit, reported that as early as 1907, the retraction of Rizal was copied verbatim and published in Spain, and reprinted in Manila.
State
A community of persons, more or less numerous, permanently occupying a definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to which great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.
Primitive Communism
A concept originating from Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels who argued that hunter-gatherer societies were traditionally based on egalitarian social relations and common ownership.
Bandala
A form of direct taxes wherein natives were forced to sell their products to the government at very low prices.
Socialism
A political and economic theory of social organization that advocates that the means of production, distribution, and exchange should be owned or regulated by the community as a whole.
Feudalism
A political system in which nobles are granted the use of lands that legally belong to their king, in exchange for their loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who live on the land.
Communism
A political theory derived from Karl Marx, advocating class war and leading to a society in which all property is publicly owned and each person works and is paid according to their abilities and needs.
Encomienda System
A system of land ownership during the Spanish colonization.
Sangley
A term that proliferated in the spanish philippines to refer to people of pure chinese descent; came from the hokkien word "seng-li" meaning business; half Indio or Chinese with no Spanish blood
The people of Cavite mistook the fireworks in the fiesta in Sampaloc Manila as the signal to start the rebellion.
According to Vidal, why did the rebellion/ Cavite Mutiny fail?
The Revolt of the Masses
Agoncillo wrote this which introduced Bonifacio as the hero of the masses.
Capitalism
An economic and political system in which a country's trade and industry are controlled by private owners for profit, rather than by the state.
Thucydides
Ancient Greek historian remembered for his history of the Peloponnesian War (460-395 BC)
Bernardino Nozaleda
Archbishop of Manila who clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was said to be the spirit of Philippine Revolution
Creoles
Descendants of Spanish-born but born in Latin America; resented inferior social, political, economic status; Half Spanish, half Indio or Chinese
Jose Basco
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General during the Tobacco Monopoly?
Antonio de Urbiztondo
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General who established the Banco Espanol de Isabell II (BPI)?
Rafael Izquierdo
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General who executed the GOMBURZA?
Eulogio Despujol
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General who exiled Rizal to Dapitan?
Narciso Claveria
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General who issued the use of Spanish surnames?
Camilo Polavieja
During the Spanish colonization, who is the Governor-General who ordered the execution of Rizal?
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi
During the Spanish colonization, who is the first Governor-General?
Diego de los Rios
During the Spanish colonization, who is the last Governor-General
Carlos Maria de la Torre
During the Spanish colonization, who is the only liberal and most-beloved Governor-General?
Pio Valenzuela
Emissary of Andres Bonifacio
1. Time it was written 2. Bias of the writer 3. Intentions of writing narrative 4. Proximity to the event
Factors affecting historiography
Karl Marx
Father of Communism
Herodotus
Father of History who wrote about the origins and execution of the Greco-Persian Wars
Ilustrados
Filipino intellectuals educated in Europe
Michel Foucault
Founded the archeology of knowledge and argued that there is no such thing as objective truth.
Karl Marx
He explained the history of social class struggle and geared towards a communist society.
Thucydides
He explains in a scientific and impartial manner the intricacies and complexities of the events he observed which is why he has been dubbed the father of "scientific history".
Fr. Manuel A. Garcia
He found the document of Rizal's retraction at the Catholic hierarchy's archive in Manila. But the original document was never shown to the public, only reproductions of it.
Fernand Braudel
He founded the Annales school of History who explained the importance of economic, social, political and cultural context of the writing of History.
Reynaldo C. Ileto
He is known for understanding history from below and for writing "Pasyon at Rebolusyon".
Giambattista Vico
He is often credited with the invention of the philosophy of history. Specifically, he was the first to take seriously the possibility that people had fundamentally different schema of thought in different historical eras.
Antonio Pigafetta
He made the account about the travels of Ferdinand Magellan and became the only existing document about the Battle of Mactan.
Hegel
He said history has a Telos (Goal) and developed a dialectical scheme that emphasized the progress of history and of ideas from thesis to antithesis and thence to a synthesis.
Georg Wilhelm Fredrich Hegel
He said that history is linear.
David Barrows
He wrote " A Philippine History" and argued that the true hero of the 1896 Revolution is Camilo Polavieja.
Juan de Placencia
He wrote "Doctrina Cristiana".
Pedro Chirino
He wrote "Relacion de las Islas Filipinas".
Antonio de Morga
He wrote "Sucesos de las Islas de Felipinas".
Renato Constantino
He wrote "The Marcos Watch".
Francis St. Claire
He wrote "The Rise and Fall of Filipino Commune" and believed that the Philippine Revolution failed because of the lack of education and training of the Filipinos.
Foucault
He wrote Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison (1975) and The History of Sexuality, a multivolume history of Western sexuality.
Zeus Salazar
He wrote the Pantayong Pananaw.
Gregoria de Jesus
Her account of the Cry of Pugadlawin stated that it took place on August 25, 1896.
The Histories
Herodotus' compilation of historical events including accounts about the wars
Trinidad Pardo de Tavera
His account of the Cavite Mutiny goes "Few soldiers participated the attack. No further disturbance on peace or insubordination in any kind. The uprising among soldiers in Cavite was used as powerful lever by the Spaniards and by the friars."
Governor General Rafael Izquierdo
His account of the Cavite Mutiny goes "The native clergy encouraged the Indios to join the rebellion because God was with them. The rebels made the signal agreed upon by means of lanterns, but the native civilians in Bacoor although they tried it, failed because of the vigilance of the Spanish Navy that had placed there a gunboat and armed vessels."
Jose Montero y Vidal
His account of the Cavite Mutiny goes "The soldiers wanted to assassinate their officers, their masters and the escort of the Captain General at Malacanang and dispose the governor general. The rebels will start the rebellion upon the firing of the rockets from the walls of the city."
Pio Valenzuela
His account of the Cry of Pugadlawin stated that it took place on August 23, 1896.
Mariano Alvarez
His account of the Cry of Pugadlawin stated that it took place on August 24, 1896.
Guillermo Masangkay
His account of the Cry of Pugadlawin stated that it took place on August 26, 1896.
Antonio Pigafetta
His account of the first mass goes "That island lies in a latitude of nine and two thirds degrees toward the Arctic Pole and in a longitude of one hundred and sixty two degrees from the line of demarcation. It is 25 leguas from the Acquada (Humonhon) and is called Mazaua".
Fr. Urdaneta
His account of the first mass goes "The Spaniards' next attempted call was at Camiguin... but they met the same reception at Masava. Then the ships made for Butuan but contrary currents drove them northwards, to Bohol.".
External Criticism
Historians examine the political, economic, and social factors influencing historical events, as well as the broader regional or global dynamics that shaped Philippine history. What type of historical criticism is used?
Internal Criticism
Historians scrutinize the arguments, evidence, and methodologies presented in these texts to assess their internal consistency, logical coherence, and adherence to historical standards. What type of historical criticism is used?
Primary
Is "news article" a primary or a secondary source?
Secondary
Is "news feature" a primary or a secondary source?
Sucesos de las Islas de Felipinas
It has been recognized as a first-hand account of Spanish colonial venture in Asia during the 16th century.
Marxism
It is a social, political, and economic theory that focuses on the struggle between capitalists and the working class.
Accounts of the Voyage of Ferdinand Magellan
It was written by Pigafetta and is the only account of the expedition of Magellan.
Falla
Payment to be exempted from Polo amounting to 1 ½ reales per day per year
Polista
Refers to men doing Polo
Indio
Refers to pure Filipino bloods
Bugtong
Salazar mentioned the following sources of history EXCEPT... Biro Mito Bugtong Pasalaysay na kasaysayan
Insulares
Spaniards born in the Philippines
Peninsulares
Spanish-born, came to Latin America; ruled, highest social class.
Tributo
Tax imposed as a sign of the Filipinos' loyalty to the King of Spain wherein the natives have to pay 8 reales annually.
Polo y Servicio
Tax system Spanish Colonial period which compelled men to render labor for public construction for 40 days, annually.
Galleon Trade
The 200 year naval commerce between Manila and Mexico, passing by Guam.
August 23, 1896
The National Historical Institute accepted which date of the controversial Cry of Pugadlawin?
Limasawa
The National Historical Institute accepted which location of the controversial First Mass?
Police Power
The authority of each State to act to protect and promote the public health, safety, morals, and general welfare of its people
Past Revisited
The book written by Constantino which centered the narrative of the 1896 revolution as the struggle of the Masses against the elite.
Fiscal Power
The government's power to charge burden or control over tax collection and spending.
Power of Eminent Domain
The government's right to take property for a public purpose on payment of just compensation to the property owner.
Reduccion
The grouping and resettlement in number of formerly scattered barangays into cabeceras to facilitate religious conversion and cultural change.
Fiscal Power
The power of taxation
Expropriation
The process of transferring of assets from a company/private institution to the government with compensation.
Historiography
The study of how history is done, such as how different people perceive past events and how a source's point-of-view impacts its portrayal of the past.
Pantayong Pananaw
This perspective highlights the importance of facilitating an internal conversation and discourse among Filipinos about our history, using the language that everyone understands.
The Verum Factum Principle
This is Vico's principle which states that one can know the truth of what one makes.
Bolito
Ticket to Galleon trade
Internal and External
Two types of historical criticisms
Primary and Secondary
Two types of historical resources
Oral history
Unwritten sources couched in a form suitable for oral transmission and that their preservation depends on the power of memory of successive generations of human beings
The end-product is conditioned both by the historian's social position vis-à-vis the informant, and by the terms in which he or she learned to analyze the past and which may well be communicated to the informant.
What is the danger of oral history?
The Philippines a Century Hence
What work of Rizal can you find Hegelian Dialectics?
If it lacks validity.
When do we say that an event is a hoax?
Rajah Saui
Who is the chieftain of Butuan during the Magellan expedition?
Rajah Humabon
Who is the chieftain of Cebu during the Magellan expedition?
Rajah Kolambu
Who is the chieftain of Limasawa during the Magellan expedition?
Rajah Zulah
Who is the chieftain of Mactan during the Magellan expedition?
Teodoro Agoncillo
Who said that 1896 Revolution is the battle between the elite and the masses?
Both the document had the date of the signing of "December 29, 1890." Later, another supposedly original document surfaced, it bears the date "December 29, 189C". The number "0" was evidently altered to make it look like a letter C. Then still later, another supposedly original version came up. It has the date "December 29, 1896". This time, the "0" became a "6"
Why is the Retraction of Rizal so controversial?
Principalia
town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines