Rena PREP U

a 35 year old client is diagnosed with acute kidney injury (AKI) and is started on hemodialysis. the client is concerned with the diagnosis and wants to know what to expect in the progression of this disorder. what statement best addresses the client's concern?

"acute kidney injury is abrupt in onset and often reversible if recognized early and treated approriately"

a client experienced asymptomatic UTIs while pregnant. the client asks the nurse if this places her at any risk for complications. which would be the best response by the nurse?

"you are at risk for developing acute pyelonephritis"

several clients in clinic today are reporting urinary signs/symptoms. which reported manifestations leads the health care provider to suspect acute pyelonephritis? select all that apply

- abrupt onset of fever and chills - flank pain in the back - urinary urgency and frequency

a school nurse is teaching a group of 4th grade girls about personal hygiene. important teaching points aimed at reducing the incidence of UTI include which of the following? select all that apply

-wiping from front to back after a bowel movement -careful hand washing -avoiding bubble baths

most common uncomplicated urinary tract infections are caused by ____ that enter through the urethra.

E. coli

which client is displaying manifestations of having a kidney stone?

acute onset of colicky flank pain radiating to lower abdomen

a child has been brought to an urgent care clinic. the parents state that the child is "not making water." when taking a history, the nurse learns the child had a sore throat about a week ago but seems to have gotten over it. "We (parents) only had to give antibiotics for 3 days for the throat to be better." the nurse should suspect the child has developed:

acute postinfectious glomerulonephritis

a 34-year old woman presents with an abrupt onset of shaking chills, moderate to high fever, and a constant ache in her lower back. she is also experiencing dysuria, urinary frequency, and a feeling of urgency. her partner states that she has been very tired the last few days and that she looked like she may have the flu. what is the most likely diagnosis?

acute pyelonephritis

chronic kidney disease impacts many systems in the body. what is the most common hematologic disorder caused by CKD?

anemia

acute pyelonephritis is a result of:

bacterial infection

the nurse caring for 4 male clients recognizes which client is at highest risk for developing postrenal kidney failure?

client with prostatic hyperplasia

which laboratory findings would the nurse anticipate in a client diagnosed with nephritic syndrome?

elevated urine protein level (>3.5 g/day) and hypoalbuminemia

an older man comes to the clinic with the chief report of having difficulty voiding. the physician diagnosis him with a lower urinary tract obstruction and stasis. what should the nurse suspect to be the most frequent cause of this client's problem?

enlargement of prostate gland

the health care provider is reviewing laboratory results of a client. select the diagnostic test that is considered the best measurement of overall kidney function.

glomerular filtration rate

a nurse is assessing a client for early manifestations of chronic kidney disease (CKD). which would the nurse expect the client to display?

hypertension

which assessment findings would the health care provider consider as most indicative of acute renal failure?

increased nitrogenous waste levels; decreased glomerular filtration rate

a client sustained acute tubular injury approx 2 hours ago. which cause of acute kidney injury would the nurse suspect the client is experiencing?

intrarenal

vitamin D metabolism is deranged in clients with CKD. the nurse recognizes that which statement regarding vitamin D is correct?

kidneys convert inactive vitamin D to its active form, calcitriol

a client in renal failure has marked decrease in renal blood flow caused by hypovolemia, the result of gastrointestinal bleeding. the nurse is aware that this form of renal failure can be reserved if the bleeding is under control. which form of acute renal injury does this client have?

prerenal failure

which substance would not be found in glomerular filtrate?

protein

the nurse is reviewing the lab results of a client with suspected nephrotic syndrome. the nurse anticipates the results to include:

protein in the urine

the nurse recognizes that acute renal injury is characterized by which of the following?

rapid decline in renal function

an older adult client has been hospitalized for the treatment of acute pyelonephritis. which characteristic of the client is most likely implicated in the etiology of this current health problem?

recently had a UTI

an 86-year-old female client has been admitted to the hospital for the treatment of dehydration and hyponatremia after she curtailed her fluid intake to minimize urinary incontinence. the client's admitting laboratory results are suggestive of prerenal failure. the nurse should be assessing this client for which early sign of prerenal injury?

sharp decrease in urine output

a 56-year-old client reports urinary incontinence when laughing. the nurse documents this as which type of incontinence?

stress

a 40-year old mother of three reports incontinence. her physician suggests Kegel exercises because they strengthen the pelvic floor muscles. kegel exercises are most likely to help which type of continence?

stress incontinence

a client tells the nurse that he is experiencing involuntary loss of urine with a strong desire to void (urgency). the nurse would recognize this as:

urge incontinence

the nurse caring for an older adult notes a marked decrease in mental acuity over a 24 hour period. what assessment indicates the most likely cause of this change?

urine cloudy with strong odor