Renaissance Notes
What is an example of a classical painting?
*School of Athens*: Greek philosophers in the Vatican, mythology, nudity
Who was Leo X?
-Pope from Medici family, Florence, -was the pope when the reformation started -made Rome center of culture -art patron
What other things did Alexander do that was corrupt?
-had 3 children -record for having greatest number of illegitimate children: 12 -tries to poison someone
What were the three most important characteristics of the renaissance?
1) age of recovery 2) secular 3) new view of human beings emerged (humanism)
What caused the Italian Wars?
1)French King Charles VIII occupies Italy 2) Charles I (Spain)/ V (HRE) sends troops to Rome that haven't been paid, tells them to loot Rome
When did the Italian Renaissance take place?
1300-1527
How long did the renaissance last?
1300-1600
When was the High Renaissance?
1490-1520
How and when did Alexander VI become pope?
1492, bribed cardinals
When did the Northern Renaissance take place?
1527-1600
What is the center of the Northern Renaissance?
Amsterdam
Italy prospered from trade with whom?
Byzantine and Islamic civilizations (who traded with China)
Where does the Northern Renaissance take place? (1527-1600)
France, England, Germany
Who was the famous "warrior pope"?
Julius II (see figures quizlet)
Which famous city-state was the richest?
Milan
Which city-states were the most famous?
Milan, Venice, Florence
Who won the Italian wars?
Spain
What were the Italian Wars?
Spanish vs. France, fought in Italy.
What was phase I of the Renaissance?
The Italian Renaissance
What was phase II of the Renaissance?
The Northern Renaissance
What does the money from trade create?
a class that likes material possessions
What are indulgences?
a pardon from sin
What was the renaissance?
a period of intellectual movement; revival of classical ideas and culture (Greco Roman)
Who was Pope Alexander VI?
a well known Pope from Spain, good example of corruption
What was Venice?
another major northern Italian city-state, *link between Asia and western Europe*; international power by trade empire
How was it an *urban movement*?
as middle ages progressed, powerful city-states became centers of trade
How did the Italian Renaissance end?
by the Sack of Rome (1527)
What were some limitations of the renaissance?
didn't affect everyone, urban movement (doesn't affect rural areas); doesn't spread through eastern Europe; elite movement: upper class
What do artists now want?
fame/recognition
Who was Machiavelli?
father of modern political theory, wants to be feared if not loved, (see figures quizlet)
Why did the Renaissance move?
for trade
How was Leo X corrupt?
he lived a lavish lifestyle, creates 31 new cardinals to support him, promotes the selling of indulgences
Where was Milan located?
in northern Italy at trading crossroads
What had Italy formed instead?
independent city-states, ruled by merchants
What was Flanders?
most important northern school of art in 15th century
How Italy been able to develop a central monarchy during the Middle Ages?
no
What were frescoes?
paintings on wet plaster that creates texture
Who were patrons?
people who paid for art
What is humanism?
portrayal of people as perfect
What is the center of new art style?
realism: perspective, 3-D, frescoes
What does "renaissance" mean?
rebirth
What were new themes in art?
religious themes, humanism, expression, emotions, mix of classical themes
Who were mercenaries?
soldiers who sold their services to the highest bidder
Which phase of the renaissance had more of a culture break?
the Italian renaissance
Who ruled Florence and where was it located?
the Medicis; dominated the region of Tuscany
A lot of artists leave because?
they are no longer safe
How do ideas spread?
through the invention of the printing press (Gutenberg)
How and when did Alexander VI die?
tries to poison someone in 1503, drinks got switched and kills himself
Who was a renaissance man?
well-rounded man; Leonardo da Vinci
What is vernacular literature?
work or speech written in common language (of the people)