Renal Evolve Questions

A client is admitted to the hospital with severe flank pain, nausea, and hematuria caused by a ureteral calculus. What should be the nurse's initial intervention?

Administer the prescribed analgesic Pain of renal colic may be excruciating; unless relief is obtained, the client will be unable to cooperate with other therapy. Urine can be saved and strained after the client's priority needs are met. Increasing fluid intake may or may not be helpful. If the stone is large the fluid can build up, leading to hydronephrosis; however, if the stone is small, fluids may help flush the stone. Although a culture generally is prescribed, this is not the priority when a client has severe pain.

What does the presence of ketones in the urine of a client with renal dysfunction indicate?

Anorexia nervosa The body of a client with anorexia nervosa produces ketones as an alternate source of fuel for muscles and organs. Increased red blood cells (RBCs) in the urine indicate cystitis. Increased specific gravity of the urine indicates heart failure. The presence of casts in the urine indicates urinary calculi.A

The nurse is educating a couple concerning the process of fertilization. The nurse explains to the couple that which component stimulates the release of estrogen and progesterone after fertilization?

hCG After fertilization, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) stimulates the corpus luteum to produce estrogen and progesterone. Inhibin is a hormone produced by the ovarian follicles; it inhibits the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH). Testosterone does not affect the release of estrogen and progesterone. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth and maturity of the ovarian follicle necessary for ovulation.

A nurse evaluates that a client with chronic kidney disease understands an adequate source of high biologic-value (HBV) protein when the client selects which food from the menu?

Cottage cheese contains more protein than the other choices. Apple juice is a source of vitamins A and C, not protein. Raw carrots are a carbohydrate source and contain beta-carotene. Whole wheat bread is a source of carbohydrates and fiber. Test-Taking Tip: Come to your test prep with a positive attitude about yourself, your nursing knowledge, and your test-taking abilities. A positive attitude is achieved through self-confidence gained by effective study. This means (a) answering questions (assessment), (b) organizing study time (planning), (c) reading and further study (implementation), and (d) answering questions (evaluation).

A client is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of cancer of the liver with ascites and is scheduled for a paracentesis. Which nursing intervention is appropriate to include in the client's plan of care?

Having the client void before the procedure Because the trocar is inserted below the umbilicus, having the client void decreases the danger of puncturing the bladder. Cleansing the intestinal tract is not necessary because the gastrointestinal tract is not involved in a paracentesis. The primary healthcare provider, not the nurse, uses a local anesthetic to block pain during the insertion of the aspirating needle; marking the site usually is not done. A paracentesis usually is performed in a treatment room or at the client's bedside, not in the operating room.

Which statement indicates the nurse has a correct understanding about kidney ultrasonography?

Kidney ultrasonography makes use of sound waves and has minimal risk Kidney ultrasonography is a minimal risk diagnostic procedure. Ultrasonography makes use of sound waves which, when reflected from internal organs of varying density, will produce the images of the kidneys, bladder, and associated structures on the display screen. While a dye can be used in computed tomography (CT), it is not the primary method. Generally kidney ultrasonography is performed on the client with full bladder. A CT gives three-dimensional information about the kidney and associated structures.

Which hormone is crucial for ovulation and complete maturation of a client's ovarian follicles?

Luteinizing hormone Ovulation and complete maturation of ovarian follicles can only take place in the presence of luteinizing hormone. However, follicle stimulating hormone initiates maturation of the follicles. Gonadotropin releasing hormone stimulates the pituitary gland to release follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone. Human chorionic gonadotropin hormone is released after implantation and is responsible for secretion of progesterone and estrogen during pregnancy. Test-Taking Tip: You have at least a 25% chance of selecting the correct response in multiple-choice items. If you are uncertain about a question, eliminate the choices that you believe are wrong and then call on your knowledge, skills, and abilities to choose from the remaining responses.

A client in a nursing home is diagnosed with urethritis. What should the nurse plan to do before initiating antibiotic therapy prescribed by the primary healthcare provider?

Obtain a urine specimen for culture and sensitivity. The causative organism should be isolated before starting antibiotic therapy; a culture and sensitivity [1] [2] should be obtained before starting the antibiotic. A 24-hour urine test will not determine the infective organism causing the problem. Catheterization is not a routine intervention for urethritis. Although client teaching is important, it is not the priority at this time. STUDY TIP: Determine whether you are a "lark" or an "owl." Larks, day people, do best getting up early and studying during daylight hours. Owls, night people, are more alert after dark and can remain up late at night studying, catching up on needed sleep during daylight hours. It is better to work with natural biorhythms than to try to conform to an arbitrary schedule. You will absorb material more quickly and retain it better if you use your most alert periods of each day for study. Of course, it is necessary to work around class and clinical schedules. Owls should attempt to register in afternoon or evening lectures and clinical sections; larks do better with morning lectures and day clinical section

Which drug prescribed to a client with a urinary tract infection (UTI) turns urine reddish-orange in color?

Phenazopyridine is a topical anesthetic that is used to treat pain or burning sensation associated with urination. It also imparts a characteristic orange or red color to urine. Amoxicillin is a penicillin form that could cause pseudomembranous colitis as a complication; it is not associated with reddish-orange colored urine. Ciprofloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic used for treating UTIs and can cause serious cardiac dysrhythmias and sunburns. It is not, however, responsible for reddish-orange colored urine. Nitrofurantoin is an antimicrobial medication prescribed for UTIs. This drug may affect the kidneys but is not associated with reddish-orange colored urine.

The nurse providing postoperative care for a client who had kidney surgery reviews the client's urinalysis results. Which urinary finding should the nurse conclude needs to be reported to the primary healthcare provider?

Presence of large proteins The glomeruli are not permeable to large proteins such as albumin or red blood cells (RBCs), and it is abnormal if albumin or RBCs are identified in the urine; their presence should be reported. The urine can be acidic; normal pH is 4.0 to 8.0. Glucose and bacteria should be negative; these are normal findings.