Reproduction: Antepartum, Intrapartum and complications
A 32-year-old woman presents to the labor and birth suite in active labor. She is multigravida, relaxed, and talking with her husband. When examined by the nurse, the fetus is found to be in a cephalic presentation. His occiput is facing toward the front and slightly to the right of the mother's pelvis, and he is exhibiting a flexed attitude. How does the nurse document the position of the fetus? - LOA - LOP - ROA - ROP
ROA
The nurse is caring for a client suspected to have a uterine rupture. The nurse predicts the fetal monitor will exhibit which pattern if this is true? - late decelerations - early decelerations - variable decelerations - mild decelerations
Late decelerations
A pregnant client has been admitted with reports of brownish vaginal bleeding. On examination, there is an elevated human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level, absent fetal heart sounds, and a discrepancy between the uterine size and the gestational age. The nurse interprets these findings to suggest which condition? - ectopic pregnancy - placenta previa - gestational trophoblastic disease - placental abruption (abruption placentae)
gestational trophoblastic disease
The nurse observes late decelerations on the fetal heart tracing of a woman in labor. Which interventions are most appropriate for the nurse to take to correct this situation? Select all that apply. - IV hydration - maternal position change - oxygen administration - epidural pain medication - increased oxytocin infusions
- IV hydration - maternal position change - oxygen administration
The nurse is measuring the fundal height of a woman who is at 28 weeks' gestation. Which measurement would the nurse expect? - 12 cm - 18 cm - 28 cm - 32 cm
28 cm
A nurse is caring for woman in labor. The woman's membranes just ruptured. The nurse assesses the characteristics of the fluid. Which finding would the nurse identify as normal - clear - cloudy - green - malodorous
clear
You care for a woman in a prenatal clinic who thinks she might be pregnant. Which of the following assessments is a probable sign of pregnancy? - fatigue - nausea and vomiting - a positive pregnancy test - amenorrhea
A positive pregnancy test
Early detection of an ectopic pregnancy is paramount in preventing a life-threatening rupture. Which symptoms should alert the nurse to the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy? - abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a positive pregnancy test - nausea and vomiting - amenorrhea and a negative pregnancy test - copious discharge of clear mucous and prolonged epigastric pain
abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and a positive pregnancy test
A woman whose fetus is in the occiput posterior position is experiencing increased back pain. Which is the best way for the nurse to help alleviate this back pain? - applying a heating pad to the back - applying ice to the back - applying counter pressure to the back - performing acupuncture on the back
applying counter pressure to the back
A nurse at the health care facility assesses a client at 20 weeks' gestation. The client is healthy and progressing well, without any sign of complications. Where should the nurse expect to measure the fundal height in this client? - at the top of the symphysis pubis - halfway between the symphysis pubis and the umbilicus - at the level of the umbilicus - at the xiphoid process
at the level of the umbilicus
A nurse is caring for a client who is in labor. For which fetal response should the monitor? - decrease in arterial carbon dioxide pressure - increase in fetal breathing movements - increase in fetal oxygen pressure - decrease in circulation and perfusion to the fetus
decrease in circulation and perfusion to the fetus
The nurse is measuring a contraction from the beginning of the increment to the end of the decrement for the same contraction. The nurse would document this as which finding? - duration - intensity - frequency - peak
duration
A nurse is evaluating the external fetal monitoring strip of a client who is in labor. She notes decreases in the fetal heart rate (FHR) that start with the beginning of the client's contraction and return to baseline before the end of the contraction. What term does the nurse use to document this finding? - prolonged decelerations - early decelerations - late decelerations - accelerations
early deceleration
A nurse is caring for a client with mild active bleeding from placenta previa. Which assessment factor indicates an emergency cesarean birth may be necessary at this time? - increased maternal blood pressure of 150/90 mm Hg - decreased amount of vaginal bleeding - fetal heart rate of 80 beats/minute - maternal heart rate of 65 beats/minute
fetal heart rate of 80 beats/minute
A nurse is caring for an antenatal mother diagnosed with umbilical cord prolapse. For which condition should the nurse monitor the fetus? - fetal hypoxia - preeclampsia - coagulation defects - placental pathology
fetal hypoxia
What term is used to describe the position of the fetal long axis in relation to the long axis of the mother? - fetal presentation - fetal attitude - fetal position - fetal lie
fetal lie
Which condition is the most common cause of anemia in pregnancy? - alpha thalassemia - beta thalassemia - iron-deficiency anemia - sickle cell anemia
iron-deficiency anemia
a nursing student correctly identifies the most desirable position to promote an easy birth as which position? - breech - occiput anterior - face and brow - shoulder dystocia
occiput anterior
When assessing fetal heart rate patterns, which finding would alert the nurse to a possible problem? - variable decelerations - prolonged decelerations - early decelerations - accelerations
prolonged decelerations
A nurse urges a pregnant client at the first prenatal office visit to begin taking iron supplements immediately. What is the rationale for this intervention? - to avoid anemia - to prevent megalohemoglobinemia - to maintain proper blood glucose levels - to reduce the risk for hypertension
to avoid anemia
A young woman experiencing contractions arrives at the emergency department. After examining her, the nurse learns that the client is at 33 weeks' gestation. What treatment can the nurse expect this client to be prescribed? - bronchodilators - tocolytic therapy - muscle relaxants - anti-anxiety therapy
tocolytic therapy
A nurse has been assigned to assess a pregnant client for placental abruption (abruptio placentae). For which classic manifestation of this condition should the nurse assess? - painless bright red vaginal bleeding - increased fetal movement - "knife-like" abdominal pain with vaginal bleeding - generalized vasospasm
"knife-like" abdominal pain with vaginal bleeding
A pregnant woman is admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of placenta previa. Which action would be the priority for this woman on admission? - performing a vaginal examination to access the extent of bleeding - helping the woman remain ambulatory to reduce bleeding - assessing fetal heart tones by use of an external monitor - assessing uterine contractions by and internal pressure gauge
- assessing fetal heart tones by use of an external monitor
The nurse is admitting a client with a suspected diagnosis of abruptio placentae. Which assessment data would require the nurse to notify the healthcare provider immediately? Select all that apply. - overt vaginal bleeding - white creamy vaginal discharge - a rigid abdomen - gastrointestinal upset - decreased blood pressure - increased heart rate
- overt vaginal bleeding - a rigid abdomen - decreased blood pressure - increased heart rate
If constipation is a problem for a woman during pregnancy, which measure would be BEST to recommend - mineral oil - increased fiber intake - stopping prenatal vitamins temporarily - eating more meat products
Increased fiber intake
The nurse is assessing a client at 30 weeks' gestation who reports increased constipation. Which suggestion should the nurse prioritize for this client? - taking mineral oil - increasing fluid intake - reducing iron supplement - increasing intake of meat
Increasing fluid intake
A client's membranes have just ruptured. Her fetus is presenting breech. Which action should the nurse do immediately to rule out prolapse of the umbilical cord in this client? - assess fetal heart sounds - place the woman in trendelenburg position - administer oxygen at 10 L/min by face mask - administer amnioinfusion
assess fetal heart sounds
After an hour of oxytocin therapy, a woman in labor states she feels dizzy and nauseated. The nurse's best action would be to: - assess the rate of flow of the oxytocin infusion - administer oral orange juice for added potassium - assess her vaginally for full dilation (dilatation) - instruct her to breathe in and out rapidly
assess the rate of flow of the oxytocin infusion
A nurse is monitoring the FHR of a client in labor using an electronic fetal monitor. The reading shows a late deceleration. Which intervention should the nurse implement? - encourage the valsalva maneuver - change maternal position to an upright or side lying position - administer exogenous oxytocin - place the client in the lithotomy position
change maternal position to an upright or side lying position
A primapara woman, 30 weeks' gestation, has no family support and frequently calls the health care provider's office with questions. Which report by the woman would alert the nurse that she may be having a complication related to the pregnancy and needs to come to the clinic today for further assessment? - having a hard time having bowel movements and feeling like anal area is swollen - feeling of achy, cramping in vaginal area accompanied by bleeding that has saturated 1 pad/hour - experiencing some shortness of breath after walking up five flights of stairs - having some discharge from nipples that has never happened before
feeling of achy, cramping in vaginal area accompanied by bleeding that has saturated 1 pad/hour
A nurse is taking a history of a client at 5 weeks' gestation in the prenatal clinic; however, the client is reporting dark brown vaginal discharge, nausea, and vomiting. Which diagnosis should the nurse suspect? - placenta previa - hyperemesis gravidarum - gestational trophoblastic disease - pregnancy-induced depression
gestational trophoblastic disease
A pregnant client has come to the labor and birth suite in labor. The nurse reviews the client's medical record and determines that a vaginal birth is favorable based on which finding related to the client's pelvic shape? - gynecoid - anthropoid - android - platypelloid
gynecoid
A client calls the clinic asking to come in to be evaluated. She states that when she went to bed last night the fetus was high in the abdomen, but this morning the fetus feels like it has dropped down. After asking several questions, the nurse explains this is probably due to: - lightening - start of labor - placenta previa - rupture of the membranes
lightening
A nurse is coaching a woman during the second stage of labor. Which action should the nurse encourage the client to do at this time? - push with contractions and rest between them - hold the breath while pushing during contractions - begin pushing as soon as the cervix has dilated to 8 cm - pant while pushing
push with contractions and rest between them
A pregnant client is excited that she is beginning to feel her baby move within her. The nurse explains that these first fetal movements are known as: - amenorrhea - lactation - lordosis - quickening
quickening
A client is 20' weeks pregnant. At a prenatal visit, the nurse begins the prenatal assessment. Which finding would necessitate calling the primary care provider to assess the client? - the client vomited - the client has a white vaginal discharge - the client has pink vaginal discharge and pelvic pressure - the client has rhinitis and epistaxis
the client has pink vaginal discharge and pelvic pressure
Which method does the nurse use to determine fetal presentation, position and attitude? - assess location of fetal kicks - view on an ultrasound - utilize leopold maneuvers - complete a vaginal examination
utilize leopold maneuvers
The nurse assesses the client and tells her the baby is at +1 station. Which is the best response by the nurse when asked by the client what this means concerning the location of the baby? - 1 cm below the ischial spine - 1cm below the symphysis pubis - 1 cm above the ischial spine - 1 cm above the symphysis pubis
1 cm below the ischial spine
A nurse is providing teaching to a client who's being discharged after delivering a hydatidiform mole. Which expected outcome takes highest priority for this client? - client will state that she may attempt another pregnancy after 3 months of follow-up care - client will schedule her first follow-up papanicolaou (Pap) test and gynecologic examination for 6 months after discharge - client will state that she wont attempt another pregnancy until her human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level rises - client will use a reliable contraceptive method until her follow-up care is complete in 1 year and her hCG level is negative
client will use a reliable contraceptive method until her follow-up care is complete in 1 year and her hCG level is negative
A woman asks the nurse if she can take an over-the-counter vitamin during pregnancy rather than her prescription prenatal vitamin. A chief ingredient in prenatal vitamins that makes them important for pregnancy nutrition is: - folic acid - vitamin B12 - vitamin C - potassium
folic acid
When evaluating a pregnant clients fundal height, the nurse should measure in which way? - across the abdomen laterally - from the symphysis pubis notch to the umbilicus - with a pelvimeter designed to measure fundal height - from the symphysis pubis notch to the highest level of the fundus
from the symphysis pubis notch to the highest level of he fundus
A client who is 34 weeks pregnant is experiencing bleeding caused by placenta previa. The fetal heart sounds are normal and the client is not in labor. Which nursing intervention should the nurse perform? - allow the client to ambulate with assistance - perform a vaginal examination to check for cervical dilation - monitor the amount of vaginal blood loss - notify the physician for a fetal heart rate of 130 beats/minute
monitor he amount of vaginal blood loss
The nurse is monitoring a client who has given birth and is now bonding with her infant. Which finding should the nurse prioritize and report immediately for intervention? - the mother is unable to void after 4 hours - maternal tachycardia and falling blood pressure - placental separation 15 minutes after birth - dark red lochia
maternal tachycardia and falling blood pressure
A client has just received combined spinal epidural. Which nursing assessment should be performed first? - assess vital signs - assess pain level using a pain scale - assess for progress in labor - assess for spontaneous rupture of membranes - assess for fetal tachycardia
assess vital signs
The student nurse is preparing to assess the fetal heart rate (FHR). She has determined that the fetal back is located toward the client's left side, the small parts toward the right side, and there is a vertex (occiput) presentation. The nurse should initially begin auscultation of the fetal heart rate in the mother's: - right upper quadrant - right lower quadrant - left upper quadrant - left lower quadrant
left lower quadrant
A laboring client has been pushing without delivering the fetal shoulders. The primary care provider determines the fetus is experiencing shoulder dystocia. What intervention can the nurse assist with to help with the birth? - positioning the woman prone - McRoberts maneuver - fundal pressure - lamaze position
McRoberts maneuver
A woman having contractions comes to the emergency department. She tells the nurse that she is at 34 weeks' gestation. The nurse examines her and finds that she is already effaced and dilated 2 cm. What is this woman demonstrating? - macrosomia - preterm labor - dystocia - normal labor
preterm labor
A client arrives at a health care facility in the latent phase of the first stage of labor. Which intervention should the nurse implement? - assist in preparation for a cesarean birth - assist in providing epidural anesthesia - provide emotional and physical support - administer the drug naloxone
provide emotional and physical support
The nurse is caring for a client with a G=5, T=0, P=3, A=1, L=3 obstetric history. The nurse is most correct to state which interpretation? - the client has had uncomplicated pregnancies - the client has had difficulty becoming pregnant - the client has had difficulty reaching full term - the client has had multiple elective abortions
the client has had difficulty reaching full term
What actions does the nurse anticipate completing at the end of the second stage of labor before the delivery of the placenta in a spontaneous vaginal birth of a term newborn? Select all that apply. - assigning the Apgar scores - administering oxytocin - assisting with perineal repairs - drying the newborn - initiating skin to skin care - taking newborn vital signs
- assigning the Apgar scores - drying the newborn - initiating skin to skin care - taking newborn vital signs
The nurse determines that the fetal heart rate averages approximately 140 beats per minute over a 10-minute period. The nurse identifies this as: - fetal bradycardia - baseline FHR - short-term variability - baseline variability
baseline FHR
Which feature would alert the nurse that the client is in the transition phase of labor? - reduction of rectal pressure - decrease in the bloody show - enthusiasm in the client - beginning urge to bear down
beginning urge to bear down
A nurse is caring for a client in labor. The external fetal monitor shows a pattern of variable decelerations in fetal heart rate. What should the nurse do first? - change the clients position - prepare for emergency cesarean birth - check for placenta previa - administer oxygen
change the clients position
A woman in her third trimester is suffering from heartburn. What should the nurse advise her to do? - eat small meals frequently rather than large meals - lie down immediately after eating - sleep on the back with the feel elevated - consume tomato products and citrus juices regularly
eat small meals frequently rather than large meals
In the first stage of labor, a client with a full-term pregnancy has external electronic fetal monitoring in place. Which fetal heart rate pattern suggests adequate uteroplacental-fetal perfusion? - persistent fetal bradycardia - variable decelerations - fetal heart rate accelerations - late decelerations
fetal heart rate accelerations
A novice nurse asks to be assigned to the least complex antepartum client. Which condition would necessitate the least complex care requirements? - preeclampsia - placental abruption (abruptio placentae) - placenta previa - gestational hypertension
gestational hypertension
What would be the physiologic basis for a placenta previa? - a loose placental implantation - low placental implantation - a placenta with multiple lobes - a uterus with a midseptum
low placental implantation
A 26-year-old primigravida has brought her doula to the birthing center for support during her labor and birth. The doula has been helping her through the past 16 hours of labor. The laboring woman is now 6 cm dilated. She continues to report severe pain in her back with each contraction. The client finds it comforting when her doula uses the ball of her hand to put counterpressure on her lower back. What is the likely cause of the woman's back pain? - breech presentation - fetal macrosomia - occiput posterior position - nongynecoid pelvis
occiput posterior position
During their experience in L & D, a group of nursing students are observing a woman who is having uncoordinated contractions where the monitor shows some contractions close together, followed by a long period without any contractions. The nurse asks the students, "Which medication may help to stimulate a more effective, consistent pattern of contractions?" Which medication would be considered the best answer? - morphine sulfate - betamethasone - terbutaline - oxytocin
oxytocin
A 32-year-old gravida 3 para 2 at 36 weeks' gestation comes to the obstetric department reporting abdominal pain. Her blood pressure is 164/90 mm Hg, her pulse is 100 beats per minute, and her respirations are 24 per minute. She is restless and slightly diaphoretic with a small amount of dark red vaginal bleeding. What assessment should the nurse make next? - check deep tendon reflexes - measure fundal height - palpate the fundus and check fetal heart rate - obtain a voided urine specimen and determine blood type
palpate the fundus and check fetal heart rate
A client in her 34th week of pregnancy presents with sudden onset of bright red vaginal bleeding. Her uterus is soft, and she's experiencing no pain. Fetal heart rate is 120 beats/minute. Based on this history, what should the nurse suspect? - abruptio placentae - preterm labor - placenta previa - threatened abortion
placenta previa
A client comes to the emergency department reporting strong contractions that have lasted for the past 2 hours. Which assessment will indicate to the nurse that the client is in true labor? - progressive cervical dilation (dilatation) and effacement - pink show - increased fetal activity - 1:5 uterine contractions
progressive cervical dilation (dilatation) and effacement
Which two tests are generally performed on urine at a prenatal visit? - protein and sodium - pH and glucose - occult blood and protein - protein and glucose
protei and glucose
A multigravida client at 31 weeks' gestation is admitted with confirmed preterm labor. As the nurse continues to monitor the client now receiving magnesium sulfate, which assessment findings will the nurse prioritize and report immediately to the RN or health care provider?: - low potassium or elevated glucose, tachycardia, chest pain - respiratory depression, hypotension, absent tendon reflexes - severe lower back pain, leg cramps, sweating - pain in the abdomen, shoulder, or back
respiratory depression, hypotension, absent tendon reflexes
Which assessment finding in a client reporting uterine contractions would be most consistent as an indicator of approaching labor? - decrease in vaginal secretions - development of membrane further closing the cervix - rupture of amniotic membranes - decrease in duration of contractions
rupture of amniotic membranes
The nurse would prepare a client for amnioinfusion when which action occurs? - severe variable decelerations occur and are due to cord compression - fetal presenting part fails to rotate fully and descend in the pelvis - the fetus shows abnormal fetal heart rate patterns - maternal pushing is compromised due to anesthesia
severe variable decelerations occur and are due to cord compression
Which description is best when documenting an accurate client contraction - the client states the contraction as an 8 on the pain scale - the clients contractions last 30 seconds with rest between - the clients contractions are 5 minutes apart and last 45 seconds - the client cries with each contraction and holds the support partner's hand
the client's contractions are 5 minutes apart and last 45 seconds
Hypertonic labor is labor that is characterized by short, irregular contractions without complete relaxation of the uterine wall in between contractions. Hypertonic labor can be caused by an increased sensitivity to oxytocin. What would the nurse do for a client who is in hypertonic labor because of oxytocin augmentation? - increase the oxytocin - turn off the oxytocin - increase the methotrexate - turn off the methotrexate
turn off the oxytocin
A primigravid client is admitted to the labor and delivery area, where the nurse evaluates her. Which assessment finding may indicate the need for cesarean birth? - insufficient perineal stretching - rapid, progressive labor - umbilical cord prolapse - fetal prematurity
umbilical cord prolapse
A woman at 39 weeks' gestation is brought to the emergency department in labor following blunt trauma from an vehicle accident. The labor has been progressing well after the epidural when suddenly the woman reports severe pain in her back and shoulders. Which potential situation should the nurse suspect? - fractured ribs - placental abruption (abruptio placentae) - uterine rupture - dystocia
uterine rupture
The nurse discovers that the FHM is now recording late decelerations in a client who is in labor. The nurse predicts this is most likely related to which event? - cord compression - maternal hypotension - maternal fatigue - uteroplacental insufficiency
uteroplacental insufficiency
which procedure is contraindicated in an antepartum client with bright red, painless bleeding? - urinalysis - vaginal examination - leopold maneuver - nonstress test
vaginal examination