Research & Eval Chp 15

In which section of an APA manuscript should an author provide a brief written summary of the purpose, methods, and results of a work or published document in 150 to 250 words? a. Abstract b. Title page c. Main body d. References

a. Abstract

Which of the following is a good suggestion for writing using APA style? a. Avoid using colloquial devices and jargon. b. Use literary devices beyond what is necessary. c. Write the report like you would write a novel. d. Do not use past tense to describe research that has been completed.

a. Avoid using colloquial devices and jargon.

An author makes the following claim in research paper: "Research is moving in a direction to resolve issues related to global obesity. We are all facing this global obesity crisis together." What is unclear in the second sentence of this quote? a. It is unclear whether we refers to the authors of the article, community members, or to some other group. b. It is unclear whether global obesity is the issue that needs to be resolved. c. It is unclear whether global obesity is a crisis. d. It is unclear if the issues are being resolved.

a. It is unclear whether we refers to the authors of the article, community members, or to some other group.

A researcher states in her article that: "Previous researchers completely ignored gender as a factor in their study." Which of the following best explains why this quotation is not appropriate? a. It uses language that could be offensive to others. b. It does not refer back to the published literature. c. It uses past tense to describe previous research instead of future tense. d. It uses technical jargon and colloquial devices to describe gender.

a. It uses language that could be offensive to others.

What type of source is cited below in APA style? "Privitera, G. J., Mulcahey, C. P., & Orlowski, C. M. (2012). Human sensory preconditioning in a flavor preference paradigm. Appetite, 59(2), 414-418. doi:10.1016/j.appet.2012.06.005." a. Journal article b. Website c. Book d. Conference poster

a. Journal article

Which software is most commonly used to create posters for presentation at scientific conferences and professional meetings? a. Microsoft PowerPoint® b. Microsoft Outlook® c. Microsoft Excel® d. Microsoft Word®

a. Microsoft PowerPoint®

Which heading must be centered and bolded in an APA-style manuscript? a. Results b. Procedures c. Data analyses d. Participants

a. Results

Which of the following identifies the requirements for a running head in an APA-style manuscript? a. Running head in all capital letters that is a maximum of 50 characters. b. Running head in all lower case that is a maximum of 50 characters. c. Running head in all capital letters with no limit on the characters allowed. d. There are no requirements for a running head.

a. Running head in all capital letters that is a maximum of 50 characters.

Which if the following is the goal of a literature review article? a. To organize, integrate, and evaluate published works about a problem and to consider progress made toward clarifying that problem. b. To review a large body of literature on many different topics that are organized into full chapters to allow for a more comprehensive review. c. To report and full disclose the original data from a primary research study conducted by the authors of the article. d. To evaluate previous literature without the need of referring to data or numerical results that were subjected to statistical analysis.

a. To organize, integrate, and evaluate published works about a problem and to consider progress made toward clarifying that problem.

Writing a manuscript for publication, presenting a poster, and preparing a talk are each: a. a method of communication among scientists. b. a way for scientists to avoid a peer-reviewed process. c. not associated with methods of communication in science. d. an alternative to making works available for criticism and review.

a. a method of communication among scientists.

An APA-style manuscript should clearly state all essential information: a. in as few words as possible. b. in as many words as possible. c. in as many appendices as possible. d. with as few sources as possible.

a. in as few words as possible.

An effectively communicated message is one that is: a. original, interesting, and informative. b. original, tedious, and informative. c. imitative, interesting, and informative. d. novel, notorious, and knowledgeable.

a. original, interesting, and informative.

concise description of a research study in the form of a display of textboxes, figures and tables on a single large page, is called: a. poster. b. manuscript. c. review article. d. book report.

a. poster.

1. Supplemental materials, such as surveys or illustrations or instructions for using complex equipment, are included in which section of an APA-style manuscript? a. Abstract b. Main body c. Appendices d. Footnotes

appendices

1. Which of the following sections can be optional in an APA style manuscript? a. Abstract b. Title page c. References d. Appendices

appendices

Which sentence uses the term "where" appropriately using APA style? a. "Participants completed a survey where all items measured the same construct." b. "All participants were placed where the confederate was located." c. "Post hoc tests were computed where significant results were identified." d. "The data were significant where the p-value was less than .05"

b. "All participants were placed where the confederate was located."

Which statement is written in present tense? a. "The study did not show significant results." b. "We are in the process of analyzing the data." c. "The findings will be reported at an upcoming conference." d. "Participants were read and signed an informed consent form."

b. "We are in the process of analyzing the data."

What type of source is cited below in APA style? "Brookes, G., Pooley, J. A., & Earnest, J. (2015). Terrorism, trauma and psychology: A multilevel victim perspective of the Bali bombings. New York, NY: Routledge/Taylor & Francis Group." a. Journal article b. Book c. Website d. Either a or b

b. Book

Which group is likely to read a scientific report and be the largest audience who reads the scientific report? a. General public b. College students c. Scientists d. Layperson

b. College students

What type of source is cited below in APA style? "Privitera, G. J., & Dickinson, E. K. (2015). Control your cravings: Self-control varies by eating attitudes, sex, and food type among Division I collegiate athletes. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 19, 18-22. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2015.02.004" a. Book b. Journal article c. Book chapter d. Pamphlet

b. Journal article

1. What is the word limit for a title based on APA guidelines? a. Less than 10 words b. No more than 12 words c. 150 to 250 words d. The APA does not state a limit

b. No more than 12 words

Which of the following is NOT a common method or source of communication among scientists? a. Professional talk b. Opinion paper c. Poster presentation d. Manuscript submission to a peer-reviewed journal

b. Opinion paper

Which heading must be left flush and bolded in an APA-style manuscript? a. Results b. Procedures c. Discussion d. Method

b. Procedures

What is the name of the document published by the American Psychological Association that should always be referred to when writing a manuscript using this writing style? a. Survey Manual b. Publication Manual c. Psychology Manual d. Rules and Regulations Manual

b. Publication Manual

Which statement best describes the perspective of writing using APA style? a. The author tells about their research. b. The author reports about findings in a research study. c. The researcher is the focus of the report. d. Data are presented to prove an authors' hypothesis.

b. The author reports about findings in a research study.

What is the correct order of sections in an APA-style manuscript from the first section to the last section, assuming that all sections were needed? a. Title page, abstract, main body, references, figures, tables, footnotes, appendices b. Title page, abstract, main body, references, footnotes, tables, figures, appendices c. Title page, abstract, main body, tables, figures, references, footnotes, appendices d. Abstract, title page, main body, references, tables, figures, appendices, footnotes

b. Title page, abstract, main body, references, footnotes, tables, figures, appendices

When is it appropriate to use past tense in an APA manuscript? a. In the discussion section to describe current work. b. To describe research that has been completed. c. To describe events or work that will occur at a later time. d. To describe events or work that will be completed at a later time.

b. To describe research that has been completed.

A qualitative research report is written mostly like: a. a novel. b. a narrative. c. an opinion paper. d. a quantitative research report.

b. a narrative.

If a researcher is testing a specific hypothesis, then in an introduction they should: a. evaluate the full literature beyond simply the hypothesis being tested. b. evaluate the literature only as is specifically relates to the hypothesis being tested. c. evaluate the literature as is applies to other hypotheses not related to the hypothesis being tested. d. evaluate the full literature in all areas of science.

b. evaluate the literature only as is specifically relates to the hypothesis being tested.

A written comprehensive report of findings from previously published works about a problem in the form of a synthesis of previous articles or as a meta-analysis, is called: a. researcher report. b. literature review article. c. conference poster. d. qualitative research report.

b. literature review article.

A one to four hour timeslot during which time many authors stand nearby their poster ready and open to answer questions or talk about their work with interested attendees, is called: a. poster template. b. poster session. c. focus group session. d. support group.

b. poster session.

Which statement is written in future tense? a. "The data showed that an outcome was significant." b. "The study was conducted with approved from an IRB." c. "The data will be analyzed at a .05 level of significance." d. "The researchers are in a third phase of data collection."

c. "The data will be analyzed at a .05 level of significance."

Which sentence option is most comprehensive, yet concise? a. "The proximity of food to an individual is one factor that is believed to be linked to food intake." b. "The proximity of food to an individual is believed to be linked to food intake." c. "The proximity of food to an individual is linked to food intake." d. "Food intake is one factor that is believed to be influenced by the proximity of food to an individual

c. "The proximity of food to an individual is linked to food intake."

1. What is the criterion that the APA states should distinguish the order that authors are listed on a published work? a. Authors should be listed in the order in which they "provided the most financial support for conducting the research." b. Authors should be listed in order of "how much time they spend conducting the research." c. Authors should be listed in order of their "relative scientific or professional contributions." d. Authors should be listed in order of "who has made the most significant contribution in the writing of the manuscript for the work."

c. Authors should be listed in order of their "relative scientific or professional contributions."

Below is an excerpt from an APA style manuscript. What Method section of an APA-style manuscript is the excerpt below likely to be included in? "A one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed with groups as the between-subjects factor. Tukey's HSD was computed as the post hoc test. All tests were conducted at a .05 level of significance." a. Procedures b. Results c. Data analyses d. Participants

c. Data analyses

1. Which of the following correctly explains the rules for using first-person with APA style writing? a. First person should be used as often as possible in a manuscript. b. First person should always be used to foreground the research. c. First person should be used to discuss the research steps in a manuscript. d. Third person should always be used to foreground the research.

c. First person should be used to discuss the research steps in a manuscript.

1. Which of the following is the correct appropriate organization for a discussion section in an APA-style manuscript? a. Introduce the research design you used to test your hypothesis and the statistical tests you plan to compute; give context for how your findings fit with previously published studies; identify potential limitations of your research as they pertain to potential threats to internal or external validity; provide a broad summary or commentary on the importance of your findings. b. State whether the findings lend support or nonsupport for the hypothesis that was tested; describe the types of participants you observed in your study and the type of sampling method used; identify potential limitations of your research as they pertain to potential threats to validity; give a broad summary on the importance of your findings. c. State whether the findings lend support or nonsupport for the hypothesis that was tested; give context for how your findings fit with previously published studies; identify potential limitations of your research as they pertain to potential threats to validity; provide a broad summary on the importance of your findings. d. Explain how your findings fit with previously published studies; state how the results in your study prove that your hypothesis must be correct; identify potential limitations of your research as they pertain to potential threats to internal or external validity; provide a broad summary or commentary on the importance of your findings.

c. State whether the findings lend support or nonsupport for the hypothesis that was tested; give context for how your findings fit with previously published studies; identify potential limitations of your research as they pertain to potential threats to validity; provide a broad summary on the importance of your findings.

To effectively communicate a message, it must be informative. Which statement best explains what it means for a message to be informative? a. The message must explain and demonstrate new or original ideas. b. The message must test a prediction or develop areas of research where little is known. c. The message must provide a thorough review of the literature and description of a work or research study. d. The message must appeal to the readership of a peer-reviewed journal.

c. The message must provide a thorough review of the literature and description of a work or research study.

Each of the following is a subsection of the main body of a APA-style manuscript, EXCEPT: a. an introduction section that includes a literature review and identification of research hypotheses. b. a method section that describes the participants, surveys and materials, procedures, and analyses. c. a references section in which all sources cited in the manuscript are listed in alphabetical order using APA format. d. a results section that full discloses the data measured and statistical outcomes observed.

c. a references section in which all sources cited in the manuscript are listed in alphabetical order using APA format.

Keeping writing focused makes it easier for the reader to: a. evaluate the credentials of an author. b. evaluate if the work was peer-reviewed. c. evaluate the value of a work. d. evaluate the credibility of an author.

c. evaluate the value of a work.

A scientist has the responsibility to ________ the findings or ideas discovered in a research study. a. convolute b. complicate c. make sense of d. explain using technical jargon

c. make sense of

A document that is created using the writing style format detailed in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association for the purposes of having the work considered for publication in a peer-reviewed journal, is called an APA style: a. survey. b. pamphlet. c. manuscript. d. homework.

c. manuscript.

In a qualitative research report, the Analysis section: a. reports the statistical outcomes in a study. b. evaluates the significance of outcomes in a study. c. provides a series of interpretations that contributes a new perspective. d. gives a brief overview of the purpose of the study.

c. provides a series of interpretations that contributes a new perspective.

Authors should be listed on the title page in order of: a. the amount of funding they contributed to a project. b. how much time they spent conducting the research. c. their relative scientific or professional contributions. d. their education level.

c. their relative scientific or professional contributions.

To effectively communicate a message, it must be all of the following except: a. novel. b. interesting. c. informative. d. contain jargon.

contain jargon

Which sentence uses the third person voice most appropriately? a. "The results conclude that color can influence ratings of attractiveness." b. "We found evidence that color can influence ratings of attractiveness." c. "We showed conclusively that color influences ratings of attractiveness." d. "The results indicate that color can influence ratings of attractiveness."

d. "The results indicate that color can influence ratings of attractiveness."

Which sentence uses the term "since" appropriately using APA style? a. "The researchers' hypothesis was supported since the data were significant." b. "Male participants were excluded since the study tested pregnancy." c. "The results were not significant since the sample size was too small." d. "The studies reported here have not been replicated since before 2000."

d. "The studies reported here have not been replicated since before 2000."

What type of source is cited below in APA style? "Fanselow, M. S., & Sterlace, S. R. (2014). Pavlovian fear conditioning: Function, cause, and treatment. In F. K. McSweeney, E. S. Murphy, F. K. McSweeney, E. S. Murphy (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell handbook of operant and classical conditioning (pp. 117-141). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell. doi:10.1002/9781118468135.ch6" a. Journal article b. Website c. Book d. Book chapter

d. Book chapter

Which statement about a peer-reviewed scientific process is true? a. A peer-review process is used to ensure that only those works that are accurate and without criticism are published in the peer-reviewed literature. b. The peer-review process often includes the use of outside reviewers with no scientific background or expertise. c. The peer-review process tends to be associated with a high rate of acceptance for scientific work submitted. d. Having a work accepted by a peer-review ensures that the work will be integrated into an accepted scientific body of knowledge.

d. Having a work accepted by a peer-review ensures that the work will be integrated into an accepted scientific body of knowledge.

All major subheading names in the Method section are left flush and bolded, EXCEPT which major subheading? a. Participants b. Procedures c. Data analyses d. Results

d. Results

In a qualitative research report, what is the key criterion that is evaluated? a. The validity of the findings b. The reliability of the finding c. The significance of the findings d. The trustworthiness of the findings

d. The trustworthiness of the findings

All of the following are components that should be included in an abstract except: a. an opening sentence of the hypothesis or research problem being tested. b. the essential structure or procedures of the research design used. c. the basic findings, which can include p-values, confidence intervals, or effect sizes. d. a brief discussion of the implications and limitations of the study.

d. a brief discussion of the implications and limitations of the study.

Effectively appealing your ideas to a diverse audience can allow you to present yourself as all of the following except: a. authoritative communicator. b. credible communicator. c. engaging communicator. d. boring communicator.

d. boring communicator.

In terms of drawing conclusions, being conservative in an APA-style manuscript means that an author: a. avoids having his or her manuscript subjected to a peer review. b. makes every effort to make speculations about data when possible. c. writes a manuscript in as few words as possible. d. does not generalize claims or interpretations beyond the data observed.

d. does not generalize claims or interpretations beyond the data observed.

An author can do all of the following to avoid making errors in a scientific report except: a. proofread the report many times. b. have a friend or colleague proofread the report. c. put the report down for a few days, then proofread it. d. ensure the data were correctly copied in the scientific report the first time.

d. ensure the data were correctly copied in the scientific report the first time.

When using abbreviations, "e.g." means ____, whereas "i.e." means ____. a. in replace of; instead of b. instead of; in replace of c. that is; for example d. for example; that is

d. for example; that is

A procedure used by scientific journals in which a manuscript or work is sent to peers or experts in that area to review the work and determine its scientific value or worth regarding publication, is called: a. significance testing. b. random assignment. c. self-evaluation. d. peer-review.

d. peer-review.

All of the following correctly explains why it reduces bias to refer to a person with depression, for example, as a "person with depression" rather than a "depressed person" based on APA guidelines, except: a. people with a disorder should be characterized respectfully. b. people with a disorder should be characterized as a person. c. people with a disorder should not be characterized by their disorder. d. people with the disorder should be accurately characterized by their disorder.

d. people with the disorder should be accurately characterized by their disorder.

Giving a professional talk can be a great way to do all of the following except: a. promote your research. b. identify the scientific merits of your research. c. get people excited about your research. d. provide a description of your research in the form of textboxes, figures, and tables on a single large page.

d. provide a description of your research in the form of textboxes, figures, and tables on a single large page.

All of the following strategies are stated in the book for giving a good professional talk except: a. arrive early and be prepared. b. dress appropriately. c. keep the talk focused. d. read from slides or notes to ensure accuracy in delivery of presentation.

d. read from slides or notes to ensure accuracy in delivery of presentation.

All of the following is a formatting requirement for the references section in an APA-style manuscript except: a. references must be listed in alphabetical order. b. a references section always begins on a separate page. c. each reference is listed using a hanging indent format. d. references must be listed in chronological order.

d. references must be listed in chronological order.

Displays in posters presented at regional and national conferences can vary quite a bit because: a. posters are judged on creativity, more so than on content. b. it is not possible to format a poster correctly. c. presenting a poster at a conference is not a common practice. d. the APA does not provide specific guidelines for creating posters.

d. the APA does not provide specific guidelines for creating posters.

All of the following are elements of communication except? a. The author b. The audience c. The message d.. The interest level

interest level

1. Below is an excerpt from an APA style manuscript. What section of an APA style manuscript is the excerpt below likely to be included in? "Participants read an signed an informed consent form. Upon signing the consent form, participants were handed a series of questionnaires with directions for how to complete them. After completing the questionnaires, participants were handed a debriefing form, thanked for their time, and dismissed." a. Title page b. Method section c. Results section d. Discussion section

method section

Which tense can be appropriate to write an APA-style manuscript? a. Past b. Present c. Past and present d. Past, present, and future

past, present, future

An analysis section in a qualitative research report replaces the ____ section in a quantitative research report. a. results b. procedures c. discussion d. data analyses

results

What is the appropriate abbreviation for seconds using APA writing style? a. s b. sec c. sc d. snd

s

Which group is likely to read a scientific report and be the most critical of the research reported? a. General public b. College students c. Scientists d. Layperson

scientists

Which voice of the author should be avoided or used sparingly when writing in APA style? a. First person b. Second person c. Third person d. First person singular

second person

The Publication Manual published by the American Psychological Association is used by scientists: a. in the US only. b. in the US and Canada. c. in North America. d. worldwide.

worldwide