Research Methods Final

Which of the following is an association claim?

"Owning a dog is related to higher life satisfaction."

What is the problem with being swayed by a good story?

A good story may not be supported by data

Which of the following is true of the differences between basic and applies research?

Basic and applied research have different goals

You and your friends go to see a speaker on campus. The speaker, Dr, Darian is an expert on getting into grad school. Which of the following should make you less skeptical about his advice?

His recommendations are based on research he conducted for his dissertation

Which of the following claims about the relationship between hypotheses and theories is true?

Hypotheses are used to determine if a theory is accurate

Which of the following is a reason why it is important to be an effective producer of research?

It is important to communicate new scientific findings that can advance the field of psychology

Dr.Klein receives an email inviting her to submit an article based on her research to the Journal of Science. The email promises a rapid publication process and charges a fee to cover the costs of expediting the process. She is not familiar with this journal and decides to look up its impact factor in Journal Citation Reports. Unfortunately, it is not listed there. What would Dr. Klein likely conclude about this journal?

It is likely a predatory journal

Compared with doing a generic internet search, why is PsycINFO a superior way to find scientific sources?

It searches only sources in psychology related fields

Dr. Amelia Shepard believes that all children have an imaginary friend at some point during their preschool years. She talks to 30 children in that age group, all of whom say that they have had an imaginary friend. Does her finding support her hypothesis?

No, because you have not confirmed the presence of an imaginary friend for all children

What is the primary differences between researchers and non researchers?

Researchers test their intuition with systematic, empirical evidence

Sariyah is studying subliminal messages and weight loss. She is curious wether people will lose more weight if they hear subliminal messages that encourage weight loss in the music compared to people who do not have subliminal messages in their music. She studies 40 people and finds the following results. To understand whether the subliminal messages have an effect, Sariyah needs to consider which of the following cells in the chart?

She must consider all of the cells

Developmental theorists have proposed that human growth and fulfillment requires three fundamental needs to be met: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Hillary predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class will fell more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more competent and more autonomous do feel more satisfied, but that feeling more related to others does not seem to matter. Hillary thinks that maybe relatedness is necessary only when people are in situations in which they are required to cooperate with others. Hillary conducts a study, but her hypothesis is not completely supported by her data. What does this mean?

They theory may need to be amended

Tim tells you that the best way to make friends is by opening the conversation with a joke. He can easily recall all the friends he met by telling a joke and also the times he opened with chitchat and didn't befriend the person. If you were concerned that Tim was making the present/present bias, what would you ask him?

What about the times you opened with a joke and didn't become friends with the person?

When reading an empirical journal article "with purpose," which two questions should you ask yourself as you read?

What is the argument? and What is the evidence to support the argument?

Transactional research is best thought of as ____ basic research and applied research

a bridge between

Which of the following is an example of being a producer of research

administering an anxiety questionnaire

What is the best description of a peer reviewed journal article?

an article written by experts and reviewed by other professionals in the same field of study

A group of students recorded the amount of time they studied for an exam in their research methods course and the grade they received on the exam. The scatterplot shows a positive, linear relationship. What statement best describes this relationship between time spent studying and exam grade?

as study time increased, exam grades increased

Research that is done specifically to add to our general understanding of psychology, like distinguishing the components of extraversion or predicting the time it takes a person to determine whether an object is a face or another object is know as

basic research

Kalilah just read a story in the most recent issue of psychology today that has grabbed her interest. As a thoughtful consumer of information, what should Kalilah do?

consider comparing the media coverage of the story to the original research report

Dr. Avery reads about a new theory that argues that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. Avery found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in amniotic fluid. In this study, estrogen levels in participants were the

data

Which of Robert Merton's scientific norms describes the idea that scientists should always accurately report the findings of their study even if the findings do not support the scientists hypothesis or theories?

disinterestedness

How can you ensure that a popular media article accurately reflects the original research of a scientific study?

find and read the original scientific article

Dr. Avery reads about a new theory that argues that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. Avery found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in amniotic fluid. In this study, "depressed individuals will have higher estrogen levels" was the

hypothesis

Dr. Yang studies the ability to perceive things through telepathy or clairvoyance (ESP). She believes that ESP exists but only in people who are not skeptical of ESP. She surveys a large number of adults about their beliefs in ESP and, as expected, only adults who believe in ESP reports having those abilities. What can you say about Dr. Yangs theory?

it is not falsifiable

Which of the following is a reason that a journalist may misrepresent a psychology study in a magazine?

journalists may not personally have the scientific background to understand the study

Which of the following is a dependent variable

one that is measured

Scientists often say that more data are needed to draw conclusions about the accuracy of new theories and are reluctant to accept new claims without empirical support. What scientific norm does this illustrate?

organized skepticism

____ is another word for hypothesis

prediction

which aspect of the peer review cycle allows for the greatest amount of honesty in reviews?

the anonymity of the peer reviewers

Which of the following indicated that an articles casual claims are based on research?

the article describes how manipulated variables were operationalized

Nadia submits her article to a scientific journal for publication. Who makes the final decision on whether an article is published in that scientific journal?

the editor of the journal

Dr. Grey reads a new theory about the causes of anxiety. Dr. Grey should be most likely to accept the theory if

the findings of replicated studies are consistent with the theory

Dr. Avery reads about a new theory that argues that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. Avery found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in amniotic fluid. Based on these results, Dr. Avery should conclude that

there may be unexamined factors influencing the results that contributed to the results of other studies on this topic

Dr. Avery reads about a new theory that argues that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. Avery found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in amniotic fluid. Another depression researcher reads Dr. Avery's findings. The FIRST thing that this new researcher is MOST likely to do is?

thoughtfully consider reasons why these findings might not support the new theory

Why is it important to adopt the mindset of a scientific reasoner?

to avoid falling into the pitfalls of personal biases

According to the text, the bridge between basic and applied research is known as

transactional research

Vinai learns that people with schizophrenia have a problem labeling their emotions. Using this information, he designs a research study to examine whether teaching patients with schizophrenia to label the emotions of people they see in a movie clip helps them to better label their own emotions. Vinai hopes that the findings of this research could then be used to create an intervanton to treat schizophrenia. Vinai's study is an example of

translational research

Which of the following is an example of being a consumer of research?

using a new teaching strategy to increase academic performance in a classroom

Anderson is reading his morning paper and sees the following headline: "Men should avoid rock music when playing board games" In the study, men and women played the game operation when listening to different types of music. Male participants performed worse when listening to AC/DC than when listening to Mozart, but female participants' performance did not differ based on music. In this study, the authors were interested in participants' board game performance. Which of the following would be a reasonable operational definition of performance?

whether participants won against a partner