Respipiratory System Review Questions
What is Alveolar ventilation rate?
(Tidal Volume - anatomic dead space) X respirations per minute
How many mLs in the Function residual capacity?
2400mL
How many mLs in the Vital capacity?
4800mL
How many mLs in the Tidal Volume (TV) ?
500mL
How many mLs in the Total Lung Volume?
6000mL
What is Functional residual volume?
Expiratory reserve capacity + residual volume
What is the definition of tidal volume?
It is the volume of air moved in and out of the lungs in a single quiet breath.
What causes surface tension in alvoeli to exist?
Polar water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than to gas molecules in the air.
What primarily affects compliance in the lungs?
The amount of elastic tissue in the lungs and the amount of surfacant.
What primarily affects airway resistance?
The diameter of the broncioles.
Which muscles help increase the size of the thoracic cavity during forced inspiration?
The external intercostals.
What transports most oxygen in the blood?
The heme portion of hemoglobin
What occurs during normal resting pulmonary ventilation?
The phrenic nerve stimulates contraction of the diaphragm, air comes in during inspiration because alveolar pressure falls below atmospheric pressure, thoracic volume increases as the diaphragm contracts during inspiration, and the diaphragm forms a dome as it relaxes.
What happens when teh diaphragm contracts?
The size of the chest cavity increases, the lungs expand to fill the extra space in the chest cavity, air from outside rushes into the lungs, and the intrathoracic pressure decreases.
What is Minute respiratory volume?
Tidal volume (TV) X respirations per minute; 6L/min (500mL x 12 breaths per minute)
What is Vital Capacity?
Tidal volume + inpiratory reseve volume + expiratory reserve volume
What is ventillation-Perfusion coupling?
a close match between the amount of gas reaching the alveoli and the blood flow in pulmonary capillaries
What is BPG?
a substance that is produced during glycolysis in erythrocytes and increases the dissociation of oxygen from hemoglobin.
Why does expired air have greater oxygen content than alveolar air?
alveolar air mixes with the anatomical dead space on its way out
What prolongs inspiration?
apneustic area
How is most carbon dioxide transported in blood?
by conversion to bicarbonate ion
What is Dalton's Law?
each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if no other gases were present
Where would you expect to find the highest partial pressure of carbon dioxide?
in the intracellular fluid.
Where are the apneustic and pneumotaxic areas located?
in the pons
What establishes the basic rhythm of breathing?
inspiratory area
If the pH of blood and interstitial fluid rises within homeostatic range, what happens to the relationship between oxygen and hemoglobin?
more oxygen can combine with hemoglobin
Patent
open
What transmits inhibitory impulses to the inpiratory area?
pneumotaxic area
What is Boyle's Law?
pressure of a gas in a closed container is inversely proportional to volume in container
What is Henry's Law?
quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of gas
What is Hadane Effect?
the amount of CO2 that can be transported in the blood is influenced by the percent saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen
what is the carina
the fork in the road, the place where the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi
What sets the basic patter of breathing?
the nuclei of neurons located in the medulla oblongata
What does it mean when the hemoglobin is fully saturated?
there is an oxygen molecule attached to each of the four heme groups
What is the name for normal quiet breathing volume?
tidal volume (TV)
When is carbonic acid produced?
when corbond dioxide combines with water