Respiratory ATI PHARM

Sedating Antihistamines: Side Effects

-Drowsiness and dizziness -Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, constipation, urinary hesitancy) -Gastrointestinal discomfort (nausea, vomiting) -Acute toxicity *In adults: flushed face, high fever, tachycardia, dry mouth, urinary retention, and pupil dilation *In children: excitation, hallucinations, and seizures

When advising a patient about using zileuton (Zyflo), a health care professional should include which of the following instructions?

-Have laboratory tests performed at regular intervals

Benadyrl Acute Toxicity

-If acute toxicity develops: *Administer activated charcoal and cathartics. *Administer acetaminophen. *Apply ice packs or give sponge baths *Anticipate the need for phenytoin IV if patient experiences seizures.​

A health care professional who is advising a patient about the use of antihistamines to treat allergic rhinitis should explain that these drugs are effective because they perform which of the following actions?

-Prevents histamine from binding to receptors (Antihistamines treat allergic rhinitis and reduce swelling by blocking histamine from binding to the receptor sites.)

Which of the following should a health care professional include when advising a patient about the use of montelukast (Singulair)?

-Take the drug once a day in the evening

Leukotriene Modifiers Singulair

Used to manage allergic rhinitis or allergies as well as prevent asthma.

You are instructing a patient about using cromolyn via inhalation to treat exercise-induced asthma. You should advise the patient to take the drug

15 minutes before exercising (Croloyn may prevent exercise-induced asthma is used 15 minutes before exercising.)

You are instructing a patient who is taking cetirizine (Zyrtec) how to treat allergic rhinitis. Which of the following information should the provider include?

Administer the drug prophylactically during allergy seasons.

Mast Cell Stabilizers

Allergic reaction Dry mouth Headache Bitter aftertaste Cough, tingling, or burning of the throat and trachea after inhalation

A health care professional is advising a patient about the use of cromolyn sodium. Which of the following instructions should the health care professional include?

Expect a bitter aftertaste (Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, leaves a bitter aftertaste. Taking sips of water or sucking on hard candy after use of the drug can minimize this effect.)

Singular common side affect

Headache

Leukotriene Modifiers Zyflo and Accolate Instructions

If on zileuton or zafirlukast, report abdominal tenderness, nausea, or anorexia.

Zileuton (Zyflo) and Zafirlukast (Accolate) cause what?

Liver damage

Sedating Antihistamines

Management of mild allergic reactions Seasonal allergic rhinitis Mild transfusion reaction Urticaria (hives) Management of severe anaphylactic reactions Hypotension Acute laryngeal edema Bronchospasm Treatment of motion sickness and insomnia

Nonsedating Antihistamines Allergic rhinitis Zyrtec

Nonsedating Antihistamines: Side Effects Drowsiness and fatigue Mild anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, nose, throat)

When should a client take Benadryl

Prior to or at bedtime

A health care professional is advising a patient about the use of cromolyn sodium to prevent bronchospasm. The health care professional should explain that the drug prevents bronchospasm because it performs which of the following actions?

Reduces inflammation Cromolyn sodium, a mast cell stabilizer, reduces inflammation by inhibiting the inflammatory response.

A health care professional should explain to a patient who is prescribed diphenhydramine that the most common side effect associated with the drug is

Sedation The most common adverse effect of diphenhydramine, a first-generation antihistamine, is sedation.

Singulair Pharm Action

Suppress inflammation

A nurse is teaching a client about montelukast. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include?

Take the drug once a day in the evening

Mast Cell Stabilizers: Administration

-Use with a nebulizer or a metered-dose inhaler. -Administer two to four times daily on a fixed schedule. -Clear mucus from airways prior to inhalation. -Expect several weeks of use for full effects to become apparent. -Use the inhaler 15 min prior to exercising to prevent exercise-induced bronchospasm. -Do not use to relieve acute asthma attacks.