Respiratory therapy 220
How do you convert Fahrenheit to Celsius?
F = (°C × 9/5) + 32 C = (°F − 32) × 5/9
what can cause bradypnea
Head injury, hypothermia, side effect of medications (narcotics), drug overdose
cardiopulmonary distress is suggested by?
Labored, rapid, irregular, or shallow breathing, Coughing, choking, and/or wheezing, Chest pain and/or cyanosis
how do you measure consciousness?
Measure cerebral oxygenation, Evaluation of time, place, and person(Oriented × 3), Deterioration from restlessness to coma(Cerebral hypoxia)(Side effect to medications or drug overdose), Status of sensorium (Directs treatment planPatient cooperation, coordination), Glasgow Coma Scale (Motor function, verbal function, and eye-opening response)
A 35-year-old, 54 kg woman with congestive heart failure enters the emergency department short of breath. An ABG shows the following results:pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, HCO3- 23 mEq/L, base excess +2 mEq/LThe patient's ABG results indicate which of the following?
Uncompensated respiratory alkalosis
what are afferent pathways?
Vagus, phrenic, glossopharyngeal, and trigeminal nerves
breath stacking can be treated by extending your what time and decreasing your what time?
extend the expiratory time and decrease the inspiratory time
whats often the first sign that suggests the presents of hypoxemia?
external dyspnea
whats febrile mean
fever
Define diastolic pressure
force during ventricular relaxation
Rapid shallow breathing index (rsbi) is a good predictor of successful weaning, whats the maximum value for rsbi?
greater than 105
what can cause hypothermia?
head injury, cold exposure
name two conditions that may cause the Vt to be reduced
increase dead space/pna/obstructive diseases/CHF
whats something that can cause a pt to be febrile?
infection (usually over 102F)
to obtain the plateau pressure of a mechanically ventilated pt, what procedure would you do
inspiratory hold
phases of breathing
inspiratory, Compression, Expiratory
what is best performed in the personal space
interview
which of the following clinical conditions is associated with the onset of pedal edema
left sided heart failure
we would use what strategy when mechanically ventilating a pt in ARDS
lung protective strategy (lps)
which of the following types of wheezing is likely to be heard over the chest of a patient with a tumor that is partially obstructing a single airway
monophonic wheezing
decrease ability for lung recoil points to what
obstructive lungs/ emphysema/ increase in compliance
anxiety could be suggested by?
restlessness, fidgeting, tense, difficulty communicating, cool or sweaty palms, worrying
the horizontal fissure that seperates the right upper lobe from the right middle lobe begins at what rib in the midsternal line
rib four
a rt examining a pt notes that on assessment of chest expansion with palpation, the right lower chest is found to lag behind the left lower chest. with which of the following problems is this finding consistent
right lower lobe pna
how will someone breath if they have hypothermia?
slow and shallow (reduces o2 consumption and CO2 production)
when a pt is ready to be weaned from mechanical ventilation, what should be attempted?
spontaneous breathing trial
What are the four classic vital signs?
temp, pulse, respirations, bp
Plasma Pco2 primarily reflects the metabolic component of acid-base balance.
true
whats the the appropriate distance for the social space from the pt
4-12ft
whats the normal beats/min for adults
60-100
whats a normal temp
98.6-99.5F (37C)
What defines acidosis in a human?
<7.35
what can cause bradycardia?
Diseased heart, athletes, medication side effects
What is often the first clinical sign that suggests the presence of hypoxemia?
Exertional dyspnea
An acute increase in PaCO2 of 10 to 15 mm Hg causes a corresponding increase in plasma HCO3- of how many mEq/L?
1
if spontaneous minute ventilation is greater than ________l/min is needed to maintain a nornal Paco2, then weaning is not likely to be successful
10
For the test of collateral circulation in an Allen's test, "pinking up" of the hand is normal if it occurs within ____ s.
10-15
for the test of allens test, how long should it take for the "pinking up" to occur
10-15seconds
pressure for suctioning for an adult
100-120
whats a normal bp?
120/80
whats the appropriate distance for the personal space
18in-4ft
An arterial puncture site normally should be compressed for a minimum of ___ min after the puncture.
3-5
What can cause tachycardia?
Anxiety, hypoxemia, exercise, fever, anemia
what can cause tachypnea?
Atelectasis, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia, Anxiety, pain, exertion, and metabolic acidosis
Given the following ABG results, interpret the acid-base status:pH 7.44, PaCO2 25 mm Hg, HCO3-17 mEq/L, base excess -6 mEq/L
Compensated respiratory alkalosis
how do you calculate pulse pressure?
P systolic − P diastolic
What are efferent pathways?
Smooth muscles of larynx and tracheobronchial tree via phrenic, spinal nerves
normal vital signs for pt's depend on?
age, presence of chronic disease, treatments
if PIP is increasing, the the plateau pressures are not changing an increase in what is occuring?
airway resistance
___________ involves the measurement of CO2 concentration or partial pressures in the expired gases and their real-time graphic display during breathing.
capnography
to obtain the amount of auto-peep in a mechanically ventilated pt, what procedure would you do
expiratory hold
which of the following abnormalities would be associated with an increase in vocal resonance
emphysema
Whats the fifth vital sign?
pain
Define systolic pressure
peak force during ventricular contraction
normal range/values for mechanically ventilated pt
vt:6-8 (4-6 for ards lung) Ve-3-5 nif->20 Pvo2-38-44 PIP-30-35 plateau-<30 dead space-1ml/kg p/f ratio-ra:450 normal lactate-1-2 septic shock normal lactate->3 rr:12-20
can respiratory acidosis can be caused by hypoventilation
yes
Do children have slower or faster heartrates than adults?
younger the pt the faster the hr