Risk Management protest- for small unit leaders

Identify Hazards

A hazard is defined as any condition with the potential to negatively impact the task, activity or mission, cause property damage, injury to personnel or death.

TCRM Process and ABCD Model

A- Assess the Situation B- Balance your resources C- Communicate to others D- do and debrief the event

Risk Management Principles

Accept risk when benefits outweigh the cost Accept no unnecessary risk Anticipate and manage risk by planning Make risk decisions at the right level

Controls

Actions taken or measures put in place to eliminate a hazard or reduce the associated identified risk. The three types of controls are engineering, administrative, and physical/personal protective equipment (PPE) controls.

Risk

An expression of possible loss, adverse outcome or negative consequence; such as injury, illness or materiel damage in terms of probability and severity.

Accept No Unnecessary Risk

An unnecessary risk is one that, if taken, will not contribute to the task or mission accomplishment or will needlessly jeopardize personnel or materiel. Manage risk through relentless training, awareness of the risk being confronted, and an understanding of the mission at hand. Bottom line - take only those risks needed to accomplish the task, activity, or mission.​

Mishap

An unplanned event or series of events resulting in death, injury, occupational illness; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or damage to the environment.

Which Risk management principle is best demonstrated by applying the Risk Management Process as early as possible in order to provide the greatest opportunity to make well informed decisions and implant risk controls?

Anticipate and manage risk by planning

Hazard

Any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; degradation of mission capability or impact to mission accomplishment; or damage to the environment. Synonymous with the operational term "threat".

In-depth

Applies when the available time for planning is not a limiting factor and involves a very thorough risk assessment when the hazards and associated risks are not well understood. Examples include long-term planning of complex operations; introduction of new equipment, materials, and missions; development of tactics and training curricula; and major system overhaul or repair.​

Which elements are typically missing when human error exists in a mishap?

Assertiveness and resources.

In correct order, what are the steps in the ABCD Model?

Assess the situation, balance your resources, communicate with others, and do and debrief the event.

Which of the following is the correct order regarding the Risk Management process steps in the ABCD Model?

Assess the situation, balance your resources, communicate with others, and do and debrief the event.

Compensate for the Risk

Compensating for potential losses is done by assigning unique or redundant capabilities to ensure mission, task, or activity success.

Which of the following is an example of the second step, assess hazards, in the 5-step Risk Management Process.

Determining the greatest hazard to you related with swimming at a new beach.

Which of the following is an example of the second step, assess hazards, in the 5-step Risk Management Process?

Determining the probability and severity of a DUI caused accident before going to a bar

Select the activity listed below which is best associated with implementing the in-depth level of Risk Management.

Developing new training curricula.

Apply the Process in Sequence

Each element is a building block for the next step.

When you question your authority, knowledge, or experience necessary to determine whether the risk will outweigh the costs, what should you do?

Elevate the decision up the chain-of-command.

Prioritize types of controls from most preferred too least preferred.

Engineering , administrative, physical.

implement Controls

Ensure that controls are converted into clear, simple execution orders understood at all levels. This requires that the plan is clearly communicated to all involved personnel, accountability is established, and the required support is provided.

Supervise

Evaluate controls to ensure they remain in place and have the desired effect or to change controls that are not working. Supervision is continuous and also includes establishing a method for feedback in order to identify new hazards or needed control adjustment.

You are at the beach. Looking up, you see a sign that says, "Hazardous Marine Life. Swim at Your Own Risk." Later, that day your buddy suggests going for a swim but you point out the sign, and you both decide not to swim. The next weekend at the same beach you see that there is now a wire fence in the water to keep dangerous marine life out of the swimming area. Based on Risk Management principles and using the Risk Management process, how would you approach the idea of going for a swim now?.

Evaluate the situation to determine if the wire fence physical control will have the desired effect of mitigating the hazard to an acceptable level.

Maintain Balance in the Process

Every step and component of the process is important. The objective is to assess the time and resources available for Risk Management and to allocate them accordingly in a manner most likely to produce the best result.

Assess Hazards

For each hazard identified, determine the associated degree of risk in terms of probability and severity.The result of the risk assessment is a prioritized list of hazards ensuring controls can be identified for the most serious threats to task, mission, personnel, and equipment before the less serious threats. ​

Which of the following depicts the 5-step Risk Management Process in the correct order?

Identify hazards, assess hazards, make decisions, implement controls, and supervise.

Delay an Action

If there is not a hard timeline or another benefit to a quick accomplishment of an activity, task, or mission, the best risk reduction option may be delaying the action until conditions are favorable.

Anticipate and Manage Risk by Planning

Integrating Risk Management into planning at all levels, and as early as possible, provides the greatest opportunity to make well-informed risk decisions and implement effective risk controls.

Benefits of Risk Management

Minimizes risk to acceptable levels, manages resources effectively, and enhances informed decision making through a systematic, repeatable process to perform risk assessments. ​ Provides confidence for individuals to make informed risk decisions by providing a clearer picture of hazards and capabilities by thorough risk analysis. ​ Preserves personnel and materiel by avoiding unnecessary risk through the identification of effective control measures.​

After a mishap, which level will investigators normally first address during root cause analysis?

Operator level

Accept Risk When Benefits Outweigh the Cost

Our Marine Corps tradition emphasizes seizing the initiative and taking decisive action. The goal of Risk Management is not to eliminate risk, but to manage the risk, so missions are accomplished with the minimum amount of loss to maximize success.

Deliberate

Refers to situations when there is ample time to apply the Risk Management process to the mission planning evolution. This level uses primarily experienced personnel and brainstorming to identify hazards, review mishap trends, and develop controls. It is most effective when done in a group. The Marine Corps Planning Process (MCPP) and drafting or updating standard operating procedures (SOPs) or letters of instruction (LOIs) are examples.

Make Risk Decisions at the Right Level

Risk decisions will be made at the appropriate level, by the individual with the authority, knowledge, and experience necessary to recognize when the benefits outweigh the costs. When in doubt, a Marine should elevate the decision up the chain-of-command.​

​Assess the Situation

The "A" combines the first two steps of the 5-step RM process (identify and access hazards). ​ • Consider the situation and identify the risks, hazards, and resources available. • Acquire an accurate perception of what is happening in a short time and projecting its effect. • Maintaining good situational awareness (SA) is key.

Balance Your Resources

The "B" is akin to making risk decisions (step 3 of the 5-step RM process) to mitigate risks. After assessing the situation, leaders must: ​ • Consider using the resources created for the task or mission. • Develop and weigh risk control options. • Preplan for hazards to increase the availability of the resources.

Communicate to Others

The "C" is to communicate explicitly during the situation, and it is tied to all steps of the 5-step RM process. ​ • Clear, concise, two-way communication is essential for effective mission execution. • Maintaining good SA of additive conditions, task loading, and crew factors are critical to communication because an individual's perception and communication skills deteriorate as they lose SA.

Do and Debrief the Event

The "D" in do and debrief is tied to steps four and five of the 5-step RM process. ​ • Do the task or mission using the risk controls selected. • Use the appropriate resources while adjusting actions as required ensuring success. • Ensure the feedback loop or "debrief" is performed to capture and disseminate lessons learned. • Identify what worked and what did not work.

​HFACS Flipbook

The DoD HFACS (Human Factor Analysis Code System) flip-book is a handy portable reference for leaders and mishap investigators. The flip-book describes the HFACS taxonomy from broad category to specific nano-codes to aid in determining root causes for mishaps and how to accurately report them during investigations. These are ordered through your local installation's Safety Office.

​Human Factors Analysis

The DoD's Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) taxonomy is used to identify and quantify human error in mishaps. It is structured into four categories of human error: organizational influences, supervision, preconditions, and acts. These categories are further subdivided to describe specific errors, violations, mental and physical states and types of supervisory mistakes or omissions and organizational influences. These contributing factors can help a leader identify hazards they may face as they conduct deliberate and in-depth risk management.

JRAT

The Joint Risk Assessment Tool (JRAT) is under development and will provide an automated, web accessible application to assist Marines in deliberate and in-depth risk management through the identification of common hazards and controls, development or risk assessment worksheets, and the execution of risk decisions at the appropriate level.

​MCCLL

The Marine Corps Center for Lessons Learned (MCCLL) actively collects, analyzes, publishes and archives lessons learned materials to include observations, insights, lessons, trends, after action reports (AARs) and Marine Corps lessons learned reports. These efforts support training and planning for both exercises and operations, and the warfighting capability development process.

​Marines RM Flip-book

The Marines Risk Management Flip-book is a handy, portable reference and job aid with relevant information and tips regarding USMC Risk Management methods, practices, and techniques. These are ordered through your local installation's Safety Office.

​Apply the Process as a Cycle

The Risk Management process is continuous. The process contains elements requiring review and feedback allowing for a check and balance as well as the flexibility to make adjustments as the situation changes.​

​Involve Personnel

The Risk Management process is effective if the personnel exposed to the risks, and those who possess the subject matter expertise, are fully involved. These are the stakeholders who have a vested interest and will ensure the process is sound.

WESS SMART

The Web Enabled Safety System Safety Mishap Analysis and Retrieval Tool is an online search feature that gives individuals the ability to search the Naval Safety Center safety data repository for all mishap and hazard reports entered into WESS. By reviewing previous mishaps, one can identify controls that were effective and those that were not effective, and use that knowledge in making risk decisions and implementing controls.

Transfer the Risk

The risk may be reduced by transferring all or some portion of a particular task or mission. Transferring risk to another individual, unit, or platform that is better positioned to face the risk decreases the probability or severity of the risk.

Make Risk Decisions

There are two sub-steps to make informed risk decisions: ​ 1) Identify and assess risk control options - reject, avoid, delay an action, transfer, and compensate. ​ 2) Determine the type of control - engineering, administrative, or physical (personal protective equipment (PPE)).

​Administrative

These controls reduce risk through specific administrative actions. Examples include: providing warnings, markings, signs, and notices; establishing written policies, programs, instructions, and SOPs; training personnel to recognize hazards and take appropriate precautionary measures; and limiting exposure to a hazard.

Physical: Personal Protective Equipment

These controls take the form of barriers or guards to warn individuals and units that a hazard exists. Additionally, personal protective equipment (PPE) falls into this category. This is the least desirable control type to use, and should be used only after engineering and administrative controls have been fully implemented.

Time Critical

This is the level at which personnel operate on a daily basis both on- and off-duty. The time critical level is the normal Risk Management level used during the execution phase of training or operations. There is little or no time to make a formal plan resulting in an on-the-the spot mental or verbal risk assessment and decision.​

________ is best when you have limited time and resources to develop a risk assessment, make a decision and act.

Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM)

The 5-Step Risk Management Process has five guidelines that when followed maximize the benefit and desired effect of the risk management process. Maintaining balance in the Risk Management process has which of the following as its objective?

To assess the time and resources available and allocate them accordingly in order to produce the best result

Choose an example of a physical control.

Wearing an approved Department of Transportation (DOT) helmet while riding a motorcycle.

To get to a remote village, you have to cross a wooden bridge that spans a deep chasm. Concerned about the structural integrity of the bridge you halt and request aviation support through your chain-of-command to cross the gap. Halting before crossing and requesting aviation support to cross the gap reflects which Risk Management principle?

accept no unnecessary risk

Which Risk Management principle is best demonstrated by thorough hazard identification and assessment in order to prevent needlessly jeopardizing Marines and equipment?

accept no unnecessary risk

Select the statement that is an example of a situation when you would apply Time Critical Risk Management (TCRM).

changing the route during the execution of a convoy

After a long work day, you and two of your friends decide to attend a football game three hours away. Everyone is tired, and you have to take your buddy to the airport first thing in the morning. You will need to leave soon to make kick-off. After assessing the situation, which of the following would be an example of the "B" in the ABCD Model?

consider the available resources and options such as sharing the driving and taking public transportation

Designing a quiet generator to reduce the amount of hazardous noise is an example of what type of risk control?

engineering

A(n) _______ is defined as any real or potential condition that can cause injury, illness, or death to personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; degradation of mission capability or impact to mission accomplishment; or damage to the environment.

hazard

The Human Performance Resource Center's (HPRC's)

human performance optimization (HPO) website is for U.S. Warfighters, their families, and those in the field of HPO who support them. The goal is Total Force Fitness: Warfighters optimized to carry out their mission as safely and effectively as possible. On this site, one can find information on fatigue management, proper nutrition, and maintaining individual readiness.

Reject the Risk

if the overall risk exceeds the benefit, then do not take the risk. This is a valid option when you do not have the authority to apply proper or necessary controls, and it ensures the risk decision is elevated.

The Commandant of the Marine Corps (Safety Division)

implements policy and directs Marine Corps risk management, safety and occupational health programs. SD also oversees the development of training for safety programs, conducts safety surveys, program reviews, and major mishap investigations in addition to ongoing analysis of mishap data to eliminate mishap recurrence.

The Travel Risk Planning System (TRiPS)

is an online tool to help Marines assess the hazards they might encounter on a planned trip while driving a private motor vehicle (PMV). The report is shared with their supervisor to help Marines make informed decisions regarding driving safely in their PMV on- or off-duty.

The Naval Safety Center's (NSC)

mission is to prevent mishaps to save lives and preserve resources. The NSC's vision is to empower all Sailors, Marines, civilians and their families to collectively embrace a proactive command culture of risk identification and management to achieve zero preventable mishaps. The advice, policies, services and risk management information and tools NSC provides enhance command culture, combat readiness, and global war-fighting capabilities. The NSC supports the Naval Safety Program through guidance and direction, safety data services, safety program services, and marketing of safety.

Select from the choices below the activity which is the best example of the deliberate level of Risk Management.

operations planning

Wearing hearing protection when out on the range is an example of what type of control?

physical

The_________ level of risk management is easiest applied in off- duty situations.

real time

Document the Process

​Documenting the results of Risk Management assists in organizing ideas, identifying courses of action, and briefing the event. It provides a reference to evaluate progress during execution and a record to improve performance and avoid repeat shortcomings. The most common way to document the risk management process is through the use of a risk assessment worksheet (RAW).

​Avoid the Risk

​It may be possible to avoid specific risks by conducting the activity, task or mission in a different way. However, conducting a mission by an alternate means may present new hazards.

​Engineering

​These are controls that use engineering methods to reduce risks by design, material selection, or substitution when technically or economically feasible. A safety on a weapon is an example of an engineering control.