RM - Ch. 1

Research that is done specifically to add to our general understanding of psychology, like distinguishing the components of extraversion or predicting the time it takes a person to determine whether an object is a face or another objects, is known as A) empirical research B) applied research C) basic research D) translational research

C) basic research

__________ is the approach of collecting data and using it to develop, support, and/or challenge a theory. A) Empiricism B) Falsifiability C) Theorizing D) Application

A) Empiricism

Translational research is best thought of as ___________ basic research and applied research. A) a bridge between B) superior to both C) inferior to both D) another term for

A) a bridge between

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan have proposed that three fundamental needs are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier, but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is necessary only when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. Susan's prediction that students who have all three needs met will experience greater satisfaction with their psychology class in an example of which of the following? A) a hypothesis B) a theory C) data D) research

A) a hypothesis

Another word for hypothesis is a(n) A) prediction B) theory C) outcome D) observation

A) prediction

Dr. Knepp studies Extrasensory Perception (ESP) which is the ability to perceive things through telepathy or clairvoyance. She theorizes that ESP exists but only in people who believe it exists and who are not skeptical of ESP. She surveys a large number of adults about their beliefs in ESP and, as expected, only adults who believe in ESP report having those abilities. What is true about Dr. Knepp's theory? A) It is not translational research. B) It is not falsifiable. C) It does not have a hypothesis. D) It is provable.

B) It is not falsifiable.

Scientific journals and magazines are similar in which of the following ways? A) Both tend to publish peer-reviewed articles. B) New editions come out on a regular basis (usually monthly). C) Both are written for the general public. D) Both tend to be written by scientists.

B) New editions come out on a regular basis (usually monthly).

RESEARCH STUDY 1.1: Deci and Ryan have proposed that three fundamental needs are required for human growth and fulfillment: relatedness, autonomy, and competence. Susan predicts that students who have these needs met in their psychology class feel happier and more satisfied with the class. She collects data and finds that students who feel more related and competent do feel happier, but that feeling more autonomous does not seem to matter. Susan thinks that maybe autonomy is necessary only when people are in situations in which they are not being evaluated. After Susan collects and analyzes her data, which of the following is the next logical step? A) Susan ignores the data that did not fit the theory. B) Susan designs a new study to test her new hypothesis. C) Susan writes a paper challenging Self-Determination Theory because some of her data did not support it. D) Susan recalculates her data to fit the theory.

B) Susan designs a new study to test her new hypothesis.

Research that is done specifically to solve a practical problem, like increasing memory ability or decreasing symptoms of depression, is known as A) empirical research B) applied research C) translational research D) basic research

B) applied research

Articles that could be considered journalism: A) are typically written for scientists. B) do not require specialized education to read. C) are hard to access. D) are typically written by scientists.

B) do not require specialized education to read.

The quality of journalists' coverage of a science story will be determined by which two factors? A) the education and experience of the journalist B) the importance and accuracy of the story C) the length and source of the story D) the education and experience of the scientist

B) the importance and accuracy of the story

Your friend Gaby loves reading articles about psychology studies in her monthly women's magazine. Which of the following would you tell her? A) "Peer-reviewed journals are much easier to read than magazines." B) "Reading those magazines is just as good as reading the peer-reviewed journals." C) "Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present findings accurately." D) "Stop reading those articles because they are never accurate."

C) "Be careful about reading those articles because they may not present findings accurately."

Benjamin is a social psychologist who studies marriage. He believes that marital satisfaction has two components: the ability to trust one's partner and a belief that one can be a good spouse. He conducts a study to test his ideas. Assuming that his data match his theory, which of the following statements should he make? A) "My theory is generalizable." B) "The data prove my theory." C) "The data provide support for my theory." D) "The data complicate my theory."

C) "The data provide support for my theory."

Luis has just finished planning a study to explore personality traits that predict how open adults are to altering their beliefs when presented with findings from scientific studies. Before beginning data collection, Luis preregisters his hypothesis. One of the primary benefits of preregistering his hypothesis is that A) it allows him to design a rigorous study focused on empirically testing his hypothesis. B) he is less likely to develop an incorrect hypothesis. C) he is less likely to be suspected of developing his hypotheses after analyzing his findings. D) it prevents other researchers from testing the same hypothesis.

C) he is less likely to be suspected of developing his hypotheses after analyzing his findings.

RESEARCH STUDY 1.2: Dr. White reads about a new theory that states that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. White found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in the amniotic fluid. In this study, "depressed individuals will have higher estrogen levels" was the A) data B) theory C) hypothesis D) research question

C) hypothesis

A research consumer ___________ scientific results. A) produces B) graphs C) reads D) analyzes

C) reads

Nadia submits her article to a scientific journal for publication. Who makes the final decision on whether her article is published in that scientific journal? A) the publisher of the journal B) a panel of experts C) the editor of the journal D) Nadia, the author of the article

C) the editor of the journal

Which of the following is a reason why it is important to be an effective producer of research? A) It is important to know how to read an APA style research report. B) It is important to be able to synthesize previous research findings. C) It is important to understand whether the information you read is accurate. D) It is important to communicate new scientific findings that can advance the field of psychology.

D) It is important to communicate new scientific findings that can advance the field of psychology.

Scientists often say that more data are needed to draw conclusions about the accuracy of new theories and are reluctant to accept new claims without empirical support. What scientific norm does this illustrate? A) disinterestedness B) universality C) communality D) organized skepticism

D) organized skepticism

RESEARCH STUDY 1.2: Dr. White reads about a new theory that states that depression is caused by increased levels of estrogen in the womb. To test this theory, she conducted a study comparing the level of estrogen in amniotic fluid in individuals who were later diagnosed with depression with the level of those who did not develop depression. Dr. White found no differences between the groups in estrogen levels in the amniotic fluid. Dr. White publishes her findings in a scientific journal. Who is most likely to read her article? A) clinical researchers B) depressed patients C) social workers D) journalists

A) clinical researchers

Dr. Gonzalez is a peer reviewer for a manuscript submitted to a journal. He is likely to provide comments on which of the following? A) how well the research was conducted B) previous studies from the same research group C) the prestige/reputation of the author D) how well the general public will understand the study

A) how well the research was conducted

Dr. Smitherman insists that all his research assistants know how to be producers of research. All of the following relate to this requirement EXCEPT: A) he wants to make sure they understand why anonymity is important. B) he wants to make sure they understand how to write in APA style. C) he wants to make sure they understand how to interpret study results and graphs. D) he wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.

D) he wants to make sure they have previously been participants in research studies.

Dr. Rodriquez is a health psychologist who is interested in studying the effects of cannabidiol (CBD) oil on perceptions of pain in college student athletes with sports injuries. She became interested in studying this topic after haring multiple claims by the media that CBD oil was effective in treating pain. However, she could not find any empirical studies that reported findings of the effectiveness for CBD oil for sports injuries. Her decision to conduct a study to test the media claims is an example of which of Merton's scientific norms? A) universality B) disinterestedness C) communality D) organized skepticism

D) organized skepticism

In the theory-data cycle, theories first lead to A) research B) data C) answers D) questions

D) questions

Which of the following is a reason psychological scientists publish their research in scientific journals? A) to gain attention by journalists B) to get money from the journalists where their work appears C) to share their findings with the general public D) to have their results reviewed by other psychologists

D) to have their results reviewed by other psychologists