Robbins/Judge Ch 3
5) Which of the following is an example of an affective attitude? A) believing that you did a good job B) the observation that most dogs have four legs C) the opinion that it is never acceptable to steal D) anger at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) the avoidance of a restaurant where one once received bad service
Answer: D
84) Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response to dissatisfaction. T/F?
False
85) Neglect is an active and destructive response to dissatisfaction. T/F?
False
9) The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude. T/F?
False
98) Evidence suggests that employees in Eastern cultures have higher levels of job satisfaction than those in Western cultures. T/F?
False
50) Organizational commitment is a more global response to the organization than is job satisfaction. T/F?
True
7) Attitudes are evaluative statements. T/F?
True
4) The belief that "violence is wrong" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component
A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component Answer: A
18) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas is likely experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) unresolved anger C) ethical evasion D) uncertainty avoidance E) social pressure
Answer: A
25) Which of the following statements is not true about attitudes in the workplace? A) Changing employee attitudes is necessary if you are to manage dissonance. B) High pay alone is not likely to create a satisfying workplace. C) Generating positive job attitudes helps lower absenteeism and turnover. D) Attitudes help determine how well employees perform on the job. E) Attitudes give warnings of potential problems.
Answer: A
26) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Willy was happy to receive the raise but felt guilty that Thad did not also get a raise. Which best describes Willy's feelings? A) cognitive dissonance B) affective behavior C) job satisfaction D) workplace deviance E) organizational citizenship
Answer: A
86) The evidence indicates that satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. T/F?
True
32) What refers to a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics? A) job satisfaction B) job involvement C) job stability D) organizational commitment E) social investment
Answer: A
33) Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their job, and their perceived autonomy is termed as ________. A) psychological empowerment B) organizational commitment C) perceived organizational support D) employee engagement E) job satisfaction
Answer: A
35) In regards to job engagement, having a good manager they enjoy working for and ________ were found to be the top causations. A) feeling appreciated by one's supervisor B) being paid what they feel they are worth C) getting timely promotions D) socializing with one's coworkers E) having flexible work schedules
Answer: A
39) Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization they work for and its goals B) an employee's belief that the organization they work for will go to considerable lengths to ensure that its employees are treated fairly C) the degree to which an employee's sense of fulfillment and self-worth is related to their job D) the amount of effort an employee will make in order to keep or advance their position in an organization E) the degree to which an employee believes their work impacts their organization
Answer: A
45) An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) job involvement C) loyalty D) job satisfaction E) psychological empowerment
Answer: A
46) Research shows that someone with a ________ core self-evaluation will also have a ________ job satisfaction level. A) high; high B) high; low C) low; high D) low; low E) There is no connection between these two factors.
Answer: A
53) How can the gaps between what managers think employees feel and what employees really feel be reduced? A) conducting regular surveys B) enforcing administrative policies C) improving work place conditions D) providing incentives E) training employees
Answer: A
6) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead, while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions, although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. When Thad complained about not getting a raise, he was experiencing which attitude? A) cognitive B) affective C) behavioral D) negative E) dissonance
Answer: A
63) Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Toni has decided that she'll just get a new job and get away from the problem. Toni is dealing with her dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
Answer: A
77) Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction not likely to translate into turnover? A) lack of job prospects B) alternative job prospects C) high human capital D) ease of job mobility E) high employee education
Answer: A
80) A study conducted by a management consulting firm found that companies with higher morale ________. A) experienced a larger growth in their stock prices B) experienced a larger growth in market share C) experienced a smaller decrease in their stock prices D) experienced a smaller decrease in their market share E) had more dissatisfied employees
Answer: A
96) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. At a recent meeting, Thad was decidedly combative with Jamarcus and the two had a rather heated discussion. This interaction likely triggered which in Willy? A) exit response B) organizational citizenship C) workplace deviance D) turnover E) neglect response
Answer: A
37) Which of the following is not considered a major job attitude by OB researchers? A) job satisfaction B) positive personality C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
Answer: B
42) Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude relative to the above stated example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement
Answer: B
100) You have been hired as the manager of a casual dining restaurant. After a few days on the job, you notice that one server, Graham, seems to be unhappy and his attitude might be spreading. Please articulate what plan of action you would take to address Graham's attitude? What is the reasoning for your actions?
Answer: Answers will vary but should include some type of job satisfaction survey, be it quantitative or qualitative.
31) James is a scientist for a local manufacturer that employs a large percentage of the small town where he lives. Until recently James has loved his job. However, it has been discovered that the company is releasing small amounts of toxins into the local river. James is extremely bothered by this information. Based on what you know about James, describe the cognitive dissonance that he is experiencing, and two ways that James might alter his behavior or attitude to reduce the dissonance.
Answer: As a scientist James is horrified by his company's pollution. The dissonance he feels is the contradiction between a sense of loyalty and love for his job, versus an anger at the company's infractions. To reduce the dissonance James could rationalize that all companies pollute a little bit, and that it is worth the sacrifice because his company provides jobs for the whole community. James could accept certain excuses and evidence that the company provides, such as that the pollution is tiny and moves down-river, not really affecting his community. James can ignore the dissonance because he values his job as a scientist in a community with few jobs.
92) Discuss how job satisfaction can impact employee productivity, absenteeism, and turnover.
Answer: At the individual level, the evidence suggests that productivity is likely to lead to satisfaction. There is a consistent negative relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism, but the correlation is moderate to weak. Satisfaction is also negatively related to turnover, but the correlation is stronger than what was found for absenteeism.
11) The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Maslow B) Festinger C) Hofstede D) Skinner E) Pavlov
Answer: B
14) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance
Answer: B
21) Festinger proposed that the desire to reduce dissonance is determined by three moderating factors including the ________. A) values of the elements creating the dissonance B) degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements C) degree of positive affect the person has toward the behavior D) fact that values and attitudes will vary over the short term E) awareness that dissonance exists
Answer: B
34) The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is ________. A) job satisfaction B) job involvement C) job stability D) organizational commitment E) social embeddedness
Answer: B
36) In her work in the publishing industry, Vera seeks out new authors whom she considers promising. In the past two years she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional, and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. Vera believes that the decision not to publish these authors was based on personal rivalries within management, rather than the quality of her writers' work. She is extremely frustrated, dreads coming into work each morning, and is seriously thinking of resigning. How can Vera's job attitudes best be described? A) low job satisfaction and low job involvement B) low job satisfaction and high job involvement C) high job satisfaction and low job involvement D) high job satisfaction and high job involvement E) low organizational commitment
Answer: B
48) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Of the five major job attitudes, Jamarcus probably has the highest level of ________ while Willy probably has the highest level of ________. A) job satisfaction; perceived organizational support B) job satisfaction; organizational commitment C) organizational commitment; job involvement D) organizational commitment; job satisfaction E) job involvement; job satisfaction
Answer: B
55) As the manager of a high volume bank, you are faced daily with customers who are in a hurry and need decidedly speedy service from the window tellers. Which of the following would most likely cause your employees to offer the customers the service they want while also keeping your employees satisfied with their roles? A) pay them more B) seek input from the tellers on how to improve their job C) offer them flex time D) bring donuts for the break room E) let the tellers manage themselves
Answer: B
64) Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Susan has composed a list of concerns along with her suggestions for improving conditions. Susan is dealing with her dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
Answer: B
69) Munwar is dissatisfied with his job and deals with it by regularly discussing his problems with his manager. Which type of response is Joe using in this situation? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance
Answer: B
70) Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction would be what type of response? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) reification
Answer: B
73) Sharon is unhappy with her job as a salesperson at a retail store for many reasons. Yesterday a customer asked her where the shampoo was located. Sharon listlessly replied, "I don't know." She then turned her back on the customer and continued stocking the shelf. This is an example of how job satisfaction can affect ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) absenteeism D) turnover E) work place deviance
Answer: B
74) Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between satisfaction and absenteeism? A) There is a consistent positive relationship between the two. B) There is a consistent negative relationship between the two. C) There is a curvilinear relationship between the two. D) When fairness is controlled for, there is a direct relationship between the two. E) No relationship can be established between the two.
Answer: B
76) Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction less predictive of turnover? A) when employees consider their current jobs to be unattractive B) when employees are presented with unsolicited job offers C) when employment opportunities are plentiful D) when employees are highly skilled E) when employees are highly educated
Answer: B
97) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Which of the following is most probably to occur soon? A) Jamarcus fires Thad...we do not need all that negativity on the team! B) Thad sabotages Willy...he did not deserve the raise, I did! C) Willy encourages everyone...let's all stick together! D) Jamarcus promotes Willy...he is doing a great job! E) Thad quits...I do not need this job!
Answer: B
75) Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives. This can happen when employees have high human capital. A) neglect B) engagement C) tardiness D) turnover E) absenteeism
Answer: D
91) Elisa is upset with her supervisor because she was denied her requested vacation days, which were given to another worker. She is experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction, but cannot afford to quit her job. Describe three negative, passive responses that Elisa might take due to her dissatisfaction. Imagine that her manager actively catches her in a manifestation of workplace deviance. Predict the outcome of Elisa's behavior.
Answer: Because Elisa cannot quit her job, her responses will be to passively neglect her work. She could manifest this in a number of ways, from increased absenteeism, to poor customer service, to workplace deviance, such as surfing the Internet during work hours, or stealing work supplies. If Elisa's manager were to catch her surfing the Internet he or she would most likely reprimand Elisa, increasing her level of dissatisfaction and level of job neglect. A better solution would be to question Elisa as to what she is doing, and perhaps opening up lines of communication which would allow her a chance to actively and positively voice her grievance.
13) Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; job satisfaction B) behavior; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) attitudes; job satisfaction E) job satisfaction; behavior
Answer: C
14) Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) values clarification E) affective reactance
Answer: C
2) The emotional or feeling component of a person's attitude is called ________. A) complex understanding B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) a complex attitude E) the behavior component
Answer: C
23) Your friend Leslyn has been driving a Mustang for the past few years and is very vocal about how much she likes her car. Unfortunately, she was recently in an accident and has now purchased a brand new Challenger. Now she talks about how much she likes the Challenger and has started to criticize Mustangs! Which statement would best describe what you should say to Leslyn the next time she talks about cars? A) Leslyn, I liked your Mustang but your Challenger is great too! B) Leslyn, I am sorry about your car. Why did you not get another Mustang? C) Leslyn, I am sorry about your car Mustang. It was a great car but your Challenger is great too! D) Leslyn, I am sorry about your Mustang but do you need to be so negative toward it now? E) Leslyn, your negativity is driving us all nuts!
Answer: C
24) Which of the following is not a moderating variable of the attitude-behavior relationship? A) direct experience B) correspondence to behavior C) power D) accessibility E) importance
Answer: C
40) Of the following attitudes, the best predictor of turnover is ________. A) pay B) supervision C) organizational commitment D) cognitive dissonance E) affective dissonance
Answer: C
41) ________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement
Answer: C
43) Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, takes into account employees' opinions, and overall, is highly supportive. Bryan's attitude toward his employing organization is indicative of ________. A) psychological empowerment B) employee engagement C) perceived organizational support D) core self evaluations E) organizational citizenship
Answer: C
56) Which major job-satisfaction facet is most strongly correlated with high levels of overall job satisfaction? A) work flexibility B) pay C) social context of the workplace D) supervision E) transparency
Answer: C
57) Once an individual reaches a level of comfortable living, the relationship between pay and job satisfaction ________. A) becomes stronger B) turns positive C) becomes negligible D) becomes negative E) weakens, but only slightly
Answer: C
61) The exit—voice—loyalty—neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. A) pay B) low motivation C) dissatisfaction D) lack of loyalty E) low levels of employee engagement
Answer: C
65) Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Mark believes that his manager is a good person and will work things out if Mark just gives him time to do so. Mark is dealing with his dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance
Answer: C
66) Employees at Acme Express are dissatisfied with the working conditions, salary, and the general attitude of the management. Mark, Susan, and Toni are good friends who work at Acme, yet each seems to be reacting differently to the problems at work. Maria is dissatisfied with the way that her manager treats her. She has quit her job and found a new position with another firm. She has expressed her dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) citizenship
Answer: C
68) Which response is demonstrated by Joe when he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance
Answer: C
71) To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's hours have just been reduced from 40 a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve, and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following best describes Ben's response to his dissatisfaction? A) active, constructive, voice B) passive, destructive, neglect C) passive, constructive, loyal D) active, destructive, exit E) active, constructive, loyal
Answer: C
72) Which of the following is not an example of organizational citizenship behavior? A) telling your friends about the company's great work environment B) contributing to a fund for a co-worker to help with medical bills C) discouraging a friend from applying for a job at the company D) working over the weekend to make sure a project gets done E) volunteering to help a colleague meet a deadline
Answer: C
81) Thad, Jamarcus, and Willy have been working for Davidson International each for three years. While the trio started together as analysts and are all still on the same team, Jamarcus has recently been made a team lead while Willy and Thad are still in their respective positions although Willy did receive a small raise after his last performance evaluation. Which of the following would be the best action for Jamarcus to take in regards to Thad? A) fire him...we do not need negative team members B) promote him...that way he will stop complaining C) talk to him...everyone likes to talk D) retrain him...he is not good at his job E) survey him...we need to know what is going on
Answer: C
94) The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. A) employee pay B) benefits C) work hours D) intrinsic parts of the job E) employee productivity
Answer: D
89) Clara is a clerk at a retail outlet. She earns $35,000 a year. She is allowed to work her schedule around her daughter's school athletic events, and because she has seniority over the other clerks, rarely has to work holidays. Jeff is a new designer for an engineering firm. He earns $75,000 a year. He must be at the office Monday through Friday from 8:00 to 5:00. His wife attends all their children's school events. His job is stressful, and if a project is due, he often works weekends and sometimes holidays, although from home. How would you compare Clara and Jeff's levels of job satisfaction? Describe how you would measure their satisfaction and name at least three major job attitudes that play a part in each of their satisfaction levels.
Answer: Clara might be less satisfied than Jeff in the pure measurement of pay because she makes less than the $40,000 level required for a comfortable living. However, Clara probably has a higher attitude of perceived organizational support, because her company allows her a flexible schedule around her family, whereas Jeff's company does not. Clara shows a level of organizational commitment because she has seniority and has been with the company for at least some time, whereas Jeff is new, and most likely has a low level of organizational commitment. Jeff probably has a higher level of job involvement due to the challenging nature of his work. However, the stress might reduce this as a positive job attitude. They are both probably satisfied with their jobs, but if Jeff isn't given more flexibility he might look elsewhere.
30) Discuss cognitive dissonance theory. How do individuals seek consistency among their attitudes, and between their attitudes and their behavior?
Answer: Cognitive dissonance refers to any incompatibility an individual might perceive between two or more attitudes, or between behavior and attitudes. Festinger argued that any form of inconsistency is uncomfortable, and that individuals will attempt to reduce the dissonance and, hence, the discomfort. They will seek a stable state, in which there is a minimum of dissonance. Research has generally concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes, and between their attitudes and their behavior. They do this by altering either the attitudes or the behavior, or by developing a rationalization for the discrepancy. They can deny that any clear causation between the attitude and the behavior has been established. They can brainwash themselves by continually articulating the benefits of the attitude or the behavior. They can acknowledge the negative consequences of the attitude or behavior, but rationalize it. They can accept the research evidence and begin actively working to better the conditions. Or they can quit the attitude or the behavior because the dissonance is too great.
1) Which of the following answer choices is the best definition of attitude? A) Attitudes indicate how one will react to a given event. B) Attitudes are the yardstick by which one measures ones actions. C) Attitudes are the emotional part of an evaluation of a person, object, or event. D) Attitudes are evaluative statements of what one believes about something or someone. E) Attitudes are a measure of how the worth of an object, person or event is evaluated.
Answer: D
22) Cameron loves her job as a data programmer, but her co-worker Blake, is very challenging. Blake often loses his temper over aspects of shared projects that neither of them can control. When discussing projects in Cameron's work station, Blake plays with her office supplies, rearranges her desk, and leaves snack and food crumbs. Worst of all, Blake always takes the portion of a project that is the easiest, leaving Cameron to work harder and longer hours. Which of the following is not an effective method for handling Cameron's problems with Blake? A) Cameron should invite Blake to lunch and directly confront him with her feelings. B) Cameron should invite Blake to coffee to clarify if there are any misunderstandings. C) Cameron should simply ignore Blake and his behavior. D) Cameron should make a point of going to Blake's work station and leaving a mess. E) Cameron should ask a manager to help divide the work load for the next project.
Answer: D
38) Lance recently earned his doctorate from a historic University, famous for its top academics and sports programs. While in graduate school, he was very active in student life and intramurals and maintained an active social life while earning high marks for his teaching and research. Upon graduation, he was elected "senator at large" for the alumni association and still maintains strong relationships with his faculty and mentors. After graduation, Lance was hired as an assistant professor at a metropolitan University. This University is only 30 years old, has no sports program and very little collegiality among the faculty and staff. Although his teaching evaluations are high, he gets very little positive input from his supervisors and feels that he is constantly being abused and overworked by the administration, regardless of his personal life. With which two job attitudes is Lance most likely having issues? A) Cognitive Dissonance and Job Satisfaction B) Job Satisfaction and Employee Engagement C) Employee Engagement and Perceived Organizational Support D) Perceived Organizational Support and Cognitive Dissonance E) Job Satisfaction and Perceived Organizational Support
Answer: D
44) In the context of employee engagement, it is observed that the highly engaged employees feel a deep connection to their company. Disengaged employees ________. A) feel disconnected, portraying deviant behavior at the workplace B) put in efforts to be as good as engaged employees C) continue working without affecting the turnover D) put time but no attention into their work E) engage in productive activities to prove their worth
Answer: D
47) What kind of relationship exists between organizational commitment and job productivity? A) an inverse relationship B) an independent relationship C) a weak relationship D) a positive relationship E) a negative relationship
Answer: D
58) Charles makes $24,000 a year. Ana makes $40,000 a year. Ellis makes $75,000 a year. Adam makes $75,000 a year. Shonali makes $30,000 a year. Which of the following is not a true statement about the usual correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is less likely to be satisfied with his job than Adam. B) Ana is as likely to be as satisfied with her job as Ellis. C) Ellis and Adam are more likely to be satisfied with their jobs than Shonali. D) Charles is less likely to be satisfied with his job than Shonali. E) Shonali is as likely to be satisfied with her job as Charles.
Answer: D
59) Ramiro has been a forklift driver for the local grocery store for six years. He earns $32,000 a year. He works with a nice crew. He plays softball with his co-workers on the weekends. They also volunteer together at the local food bank during the holidays, and socialize with their families at summer picnics. Ramiro is highly satisfied with his job. Which of the following is the most probable cause of Ramiro's high job satisfaction? A) pay B) promotion C) high stress D) social context E) work itself
Answer: D
12) "Dissonance" means ________. A) reactance B) constancy C) resistance D) consistency E) inconsistency
Answer: E
16) Jo is a courier delivering parcels throughout the metropolitan area. Although she considers herself law abiding, she often breaks the speed limit while making her deliveries. Which of the following statements does not reflect a likely response to the conflict between her attitude and her behavior? A) "It's not a problem that I speed a little bit; it's not much over the limit, and everyone else speeds some." B) "The speed limits are just too low around here; anyone driving at a reasonable speed will break them." C) "This speeding is irresponsible. From now on I am observing the speed limits." D) "I've got to drive fast sometimes, otherwise I will not make all my deliveries and I'll lose clients." E) "It's wrong to break even minor laws, but I'll probably keep speeding anyway."
Answer: E
19) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. Mrs. Jonas can be expected to relieve the discomfort she is experiencing by doing the following except ________. A) deciding this issue is unimportant B) rationalizing that it is not her problem since she is not the contractor C) attempting to stop the contractor using undocumented workers D) coming to accept that using undocumented workers does not harm workers' rights E) terminating the contract as it is against her attitude
Answer: E
20) Mrs. Jonas believes strongly that it is important that worker's rights be respected, and that one of the more important ways of doing this is to ensure that all workers be properly documented. She is supervising a contracting company that is building a new warehouse for her company. While doing this she discovers that many of the workers employed by the contractor are undocumented aliens working for well below minimum wage. In this situation Mrs. Jonas has a(n) ________ that is in conflict with a(n) ________. A) behavior; behavior B) attitude; attitude C) social need; social interest D) social need; social need E) attitude; behavior
Answer: E
3) Janice is spending the summer working as an intern writing copy for a local firm. Today Janice's senior editor sent back some of Janice's work covered in red ink corrections. Up until now, all of Janice's work had been corrected in green or blue ink. Janice is upset and worried that her senior editor doesn't like her. Which component of an attitude is not represented in the previous scenario? A) the positive component B) the cognitive component C) the affective component D) the negative component E) the behavioral component
Answer: E
54) Which of the following employees does not exhibit deviant behavior in the workplace? A) Samuel quits his job because his manager never appreciates his efforts. B) Joanna, an HR executive, uses work time to surf articles on the latest fashion trends. C) Wilson takes work supplies like pens and paper clips home for personal use. D) Lily does not show up for work for more than 3 days a week. E) Cara wraps up her work early to attend her daughter's ballet recital.
Answer: E
60) Compared to people who have a negative core self-evaluation, people who have a positive core self-evaluation ________. A) are less satisfied with their jobs B) see their work as less challenging C) see their work as less fulfilling D) are less likely to gravitate toward challenging jobs E) are less likely to give up when confronting difficulties
Answer: E
62) The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit—voice—loyalty—neglect framework. A) voice and neglect B) neglect and loyalty C) exit and voice D) loyalty and exit E) exit and neglect
Answer: E
67) Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows up late for work. He is expressing his dissatisfaction through ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) social voice E) neglect
Answer: E
78) Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies home for personal use, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) absenteeism D) turnover E) work place deviance
Answer: E
95) A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must formulate strategies to attack and eliminate deviant behaviors B) must keep track of absenteeism and turnover among the employees C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes
Answer: E
87) List and explain the four ways employees can express job dissatisfaction.
Answer: Employees can express dissatisfaction in four ways: exit, voice, loyalty, and neglect. These four responses differ along two dimensions: constructive/destructive and active/passive. 1) Behavior directed toward leaving the organization is defined as exit behavior. It is active and destructive. 2) Voice involves actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and some forms of union activity. 3) Loyalty involves passively but optimistically waiting for conditions to improve, hence it is passive and constructive. 4) Neglect is passively allowing conditions to worsen, including chronic absenteeism or lateness, reduced effort, and increased error rate, hence it is a passive and destructive response.
52) Explain the relationship between job satisfaction and job performance.
Answer: Happy workers are more likely to be productive workers. A review of 300 studies suggested that the correlation between job satisfaction and job performance is pretty strong. As we move from the individual to the organizational level, we also find support for the satisfaction-performance relationship. When we gather satisfaction and productivity data for the organization as a whole, we find organizations with more satisfied employees tend to be more effective than organizations with fewer.
88) Discuss why employees who are committed will be less likely to engage in work withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied.
Answer: In organizational commitment, an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals and wishes to remain a member. Theoretical models propose that employees who are committed will be less likely to engage in work withdrawal even if they are dissatisfied, because they have a sense of organizational loyalty or attachment. On the other hand, employees who are not committed, who feel less loyal to the organization, will tend to show lower levels of attendance at work across the board. Research confirms this theoretical proposition. It does appear that even if employees are not currently happy with their work, they are willing to make sacrifices for the organization if they are committed enough.
51) Most of the research in OB has been concerned with three attitudes: job satisfaction, job involvement, and organizational commitment. Explain the difference between these attitudes.
Answer: Job satisfaction refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job. A person with a high level of job satisfaction holds positive attitudes toward the job, while a person who is dissatisfied with his or her job holds negative attitudes about the job. Job involvement measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth. Employees with a high level of job involvement strongly identify with and really care about the kind of work they do. Organizational commitment is defined as a state in which an employee identifies with a particular organization and its goals, and wishes to maintain membership in the organization. So high organizational commitment means identifying with one's employing organization.
90) Patrice has just been passed up for a promotion and is still earning less that $40,000 a year. He is experiencing a very low level of job satisfaction. Describe two active responses that Patrice might take due to his dissatisfaction. Design a plan that Patrice's immediate supervisor can use to diffuse the situation and keep Patrice on board with the company.
Answer: Patrice's active responses could be to voice his dissatisfaction to his supervisor, lobbying for his promotion or seeking reasons why he wasn't promoted. His other active option would be to exit the company, beginning immediately to look for another job. If the immediate supervisor is aware of Patrice's dissatisfaction and values him as an employee he needs to proactively discuss why Patrice was passed over for the promotion. He could design a training program, or longer term plan of how Patrice can reach his income and responsibility goals, with small measurable steps that would receive rewards, such as lunch gift cards, or time off in place of the income that Patrice feels he is denied.
Describe how attitude can shape behavior.
Answer: Specific attitudes tend to predict specific behaviors, whereas general attitudes tend to best predict general behaviors. Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. Attitudes you frequently express are attitudes you are more likely to remember. So the more you talk about your attitude on a subject, the more likely you are to remember it, and the more likely it is to shape your behavior.
79) Dispatch Heroes Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing, undue socializing, and tardiness. The management is considering enforcing several restrictions to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) Employers must take corrective action to stop the unwanted activities. B) Employers should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) Employers must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.
Anwser: B
93) Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A) They result from behavior. B) They cause problems. C) They give warnings of potential problems. D) They are generally low. E) They result in cognitive dissonance.
Anwser: C
49) Job involvement refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job. T/F?
False
99) Creating a satisfied workforce guarantees successful organizational performance. T/F?
False
82) Summing up responses to a number of job factors achieves a more accurate evaluation of job satisfaction than does a single global rating. T/F?
True
83) Voice is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction. T/F?
True
27) According to Festinger, people seek consistency among their attitudes and their behaviors. T/F?
True
28) Rewards can offset dissonance. T/F?
True
29) The more specific the attitude and the more specific the behavior, the stronger the link between the two. T/F?
True
There are three components of an attitude: cognition, affect, and behavior. T/F?
True